RU2758302C1 - Collapsible railway bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bridge construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of bridge construction and, in particular, to temporary collapsible low-water bridges used for the passage of railway rolling stock and high-speed guidance of combined railway and road bridge crossings over wide and shallow water barriers for the period of destruction, reconstruction or restoration of destroyed capital bridges during liquidation of the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies. The collapsible railway bridge consists of frame flat supports, tower supports installed directly on the ground and superstructures, frame flat supports and tower supports are made of decommissioned used railway gondola cars with dismantled frames and bogies filled with blocks assembled from decommissioned used ones. the use of reinforced concrete sleepers. In the intervals between the sleepers, crushed stone is poured and pipes are vertically installed, the top of which protrudes for supplying cement-sand mortar into them. The pipes are made with holes evenly spaced along the height to ensure the formation of a monolithic support structure with a cement-sand mortar. Spans are made of decommissioned used frames of fitting platforms with a flooring arranged on top of the frames for track rails made of metal sleepers installed at a certain pitch and made of metal frames from tanks. On the top of the metal sleepers, a wooden flooring is made from used discarded wooden sleepers for the movement of automobile and tracked vehicles, and for the movement of personnel. Along the edges of the superstructure, a fencing made of stairs from railway tanks and wheel fenders made of decommissioned wooden sleepers are installed.

EFFECT: creation of a simplified design of a collapsible railway bridge near a faulty railway bridge, which significantly reduces labor and material costs, and also reduces the time for its construction using used decommissioned elements of the railway infrastructure - wagons, railway sleepers and rails.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of bridge construction and in particular to temporary collapsible low-water bridges used to pass railway rolling stock and high-speed guidance of combined railway and road bridge crossings over wide and shallow water barriers for the period of destruction, reconstruction or restoration of destroyed capital bridges during liquidation the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies.

The claimed technical solution relates to low-water bridges and can be used for the operational construction of a ferry for cars, tracked vehicles and trains.

Known "The middle section of the directing beam of the superstructure" according to the patent for invention RU 2717445 C1 dated 05/23/2019, IPC E01D 15/12 [1], which is made of carbon fiber in the form of a hollow beam with a rectangular section and detachable intersection joints, and the intersection connection from bolted hollow rectangular insert. Two power rods made of titanium are installed on the lower bolted joints of two adjacent sections of the aiming beam.

The disadvantage of the "Middle section of the guidance girder of the superstructure" is the considerable time to deliver the section to the place of the bridge construction and the high cost due to the use of expensive materials such as carbon fiber and titanium.

Known "Support from massive blocks and the method of its construction" for the patent for invention RU 94027969 from 18.07.1994, IPC E01D 19/02 (1995.01) [2], which can be used for temporary restoration or construction of supports of railway bridges. The support is erected from massive blocks with a truncated quarter, having pins and sockets on their faces, oppositely located on the adjoining faces of adjacent blocks, and the support is mounted in such a way that the inner blocks of the lower tier with a truncated part form a space throughout the entire volume equal to the volume of a massive element. and the outer blocks with their entire facet closely adjoined the whole faces of the inner ones.

The disadvantage of "Support from massive blocks and the method of its construction" is a significant time for the delivery of structures to the place of the bridge, the complexity and labor input in the production of massive blocks. Massive blocks, due to their dimensions, are difficult to deliver and install.

Known "Bridge section" according to the patent for invention RU 92008311 from 25. 11. 1992, IPC E01D 15/12 (1995. 01) [3], which contains beams, with wheel deflectors, butt joints, pivotally connected to the beams of the inter-track panel in the form power beams and corner braces. In this case, the inter-track panel and beams have a triangular shape in cross-section, and the lateral outer side of the wheel rebounds is made beveled towards the inter-track panel at an angle that ensures the parallelism of its surface to the upper plane of the panel in the transport position.

The disadvantage of the "Bridge section" is the considerable time for delivery of structures to the place of the bridge construction, the complexity and labor input in the production of bridge sections, which, due to their dimensions, are difficult to deliver and install.

Known "Folding block of the bridge" according to the patent for invention RU 94 025 034 from 04.07.1994, IPC E01D 15/12 (1995.01) [4], which includes two lower and two upper semi-beams, connected by longitudinal hinges with the upper and the bottom plates of the carriageway, located in the transport position one on top of the other, the plates of the carriageway from one transom are connected by transverse hinges, and on the other they have a slot into which the keel of the transport vehicle platform enters in the transport position.

The disadvantage of the "folding bridge block" is the complexity and high metal consumption of the structure. Bridge elements require time to be delivered to the installation site.

Known "Two-track mechanized bridge" by patent for invention RU 2267572 dated 12.04.2004, IPC T01D 15/12 (2006.01) [5], including two tracks connected by inter-track ties, each of which consists of two hinge-connected sections made in the form of frame box girders of a welded structure containing upper and lower decks, side walls, transverse diaphragms, fastening elements for the bridge opening mechanism, details of the bridge installation mechanism with an increased length of the bridge structure, a reduced weight of the bridge, an increased margin of safety and stability without reducing the carrying capacity of the bridge.

The disadvantage of the "two-track mechanized bridge" is the considerable time for the delivery of structures to the place of the bridge construction, the complexity and laboriousness in the production of bridge sections, which, due to their dimensions, are difficult to deliver and install.

The known "Method for constructing the foundation of a temporary bridge support and formwork for its implementation" according to the patent for invention RU 94027085 from 18.07.1994, IPC E01D 19/02 (1995.01) [6], in which the formwork is made from sections of floods and is submerged to the bottom by filling the pontoon with water, concreted and, when the appropriate strength is gained, is removed by supplying air to the pontoons.

The disadvantage of the "method of constructing the foundation of the temporary support of the bridge and the formwork for its implementation" is a significant time for the delivery of structures to the place of the bridge device and subsequently removal from the place of work, the resulting foundations are material-intensive and labor-intensive.

Known inventory bridge - collapsible metal overpass REM-500 [7], selected as a prototype, consisting of spans, frame (flat) supports, tower supports, installed directly on the ground, designed for rapid construction of bridge crossings through wide, shallow watercourses. Frames consist of struts, crossbars, shoes, horizontal struts and turnbuckles.

The disadvantages of the REM-500 collapsible metal overpass design are that the assembly of the bridge requires highly qualified personnel, considerable time for delivery and assembly of structures, while significant material and labor costs are required. In case of weak soils of the river bottom, the flyover cannot be used.

The disadvantages of the prototype and analogs pose the problem of creating a "collapsible railway bridge" for the passage of railway rolling stock, wheeled and tracked vehicles during the destruction or reconstruction of capital bridges over water obstacles of a simple design, allowing the crossing in a short time with the use of insignificant material and labor costs.

The limiting features of the claimed technical solution in common with the prototype device are as follows: collapsible bridge, consisting of flat frame supports, tower supports installed directly on the ground, superstructures, designed for rapid construction of bridge crossings over wide, shallow watercourses.

It is assumed that the declared "Collapsible railway bridge" can be used in the construction of a ferry for the passage of railway rolling stock, wheeled and tracked vehicles in the destruction or reconstruction of capital bridges over shallow non-navigable water obstacles.

At the same time, for its implementation, it is supposed to apply:

- flat frame supports and tower supports are made of decommissioned, used, railway gondola cars with dismantled frames and bogies, filled with blocks assembled from decommissioned, used, reinforced concrete sleepers, while crushed stone is poured in between the sleepers and pipes are vertically installed, the top of which protrudes for supplying a cement-sand mortar to them, and the pipes are provided with holes uniformly made in height to enable the cement-sand mortar to form a monolithic support structure.

- the spans are made of decommissioned, used frames of fitting platforms with a flooring arranged on the top of the frames for the rails of the track made of metal sleepers installed with a certain pitch and made of metal frames from tanks, along the top of the metal sleepers a wooden flooring is made from used decommissioned wooden sleepers for the movement of automobile and tracked vehicles, and for the movement of personnel, along the edges of the superstructure, a fence made of ladders from railway tanks and wheel fenders made of decommissioned wooden sleepers are installed.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that a collapsible railway bridge is formed from supports and spans. In this case, the supports are assembled from decommissioned used ones - gondola cars and sleepers. Spans are formed from metal frames from fitting platforms.

The technical result is the creation of a simplified design of a collapsible railway bridge near a faulty railway bridge, which significantly reduces labor and material costs, and also reduces the time for its construction using used decommissioned elements of the railway infrastructure - cars, railway sleepers and rails.

Used decommissioned wagons and rails are remelted (disposed of) and used for the manufacture of new metal structures. The process of recycling and manufacturing of new structures entails significant labor, material and energy costs, which can be avoided by using decommissioned materials of the railway infrastructure for the construction of a “collapsible railway bridge”. A significant amount of materials are written off annually, in 2020 it was planned to write off 8 thousand fitting platforms [8], in 2018 Russian Railways replaced 2 thousand kilometers of railway tracks [9], in 2017 10,380 tanks were written off [10].

Currently, there are more than 10 thousand railway bridges in Russia. A significant number of them are bridges over shallow water obstacles, and they require cover in case of destruction during hostilities or an emergency. To ensure the continuity of movement across wide and shallow water barriers, there is a park of temporary bridges, their number is limited, and they require a significant time for delivery and assembly.

The use of materials of the railway infrastructure in a specific place allows you to determine in advance the materials and structures necessary for the construction of the bridge. At the same time, the construction time is significantly reduced, because Storing a collapsible railway bridge on the shore at the site of its construction reduces the construction time to a minimum. Access roads from used, decommissioned rails and sleepers are also mounted in advance. The use of used, decommissioned materials of the railway infrastructure can significantly reduce the material and labor costs for the device of the ferry.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1a) shows an embodiment of the claimed "collapsible railway bridge" for the passage of a train, and FIG. 1b) - section of the superstructure along А-А.

FIG. 2a) - a block of reinforced concrete sleepers is shown, and in Fig. 2b) - section of a block of reinforced concrete sleepers along B-B.

FIG. 3a) shows a top view of a gondola car filled with compacted backfill with reinforcing elements, and Fig. 3b) - section of the gondola car along V-V.

FIG. 4 shows an image of the implementation of the second stage - preliminary work on the construction of a collapsible railway bridge.

Additionally, Figures 1 ... 4 indicate: 1 - locomotive; 2 - reinforced concrete sleepers; 3 - twists of annealed wire for fastening reinforced concrete sleepers (2); 4 - loops for mounting blocks (6) made of annealed wire ;; silt 5 - open-top railway car; 6 - a block of reinforced concrete sleepers (2), located crosswise, in two rows and interconnected by twists (3) of annealed wire; 7 - superstructure made of frames of fitting platforms; 8 - rail beam; 9 - crushed stone backfill; 10 - metal sleepers from tank frames; 11 - pipes with holes; 12 - span fencing; 13 - flooring made of wooden sleepers; 14 - wheel stop made of wooden sleepers.

The procedure for the construction of a collapsible railway bridge

At the nerve stage, the landing site of the collapsible railway bridge is selected, its dimensions are determined depending on the relief of the coastal zone and the depths of the water barrier, a project is drawn up, the necessary materials are procured from used cars and track elements of metal frames of tanks, frames of fitting platforms (7) , rail (8), gondola cars (5), reinforced concrete sleepers (2) and wooden sleepers (13).

At the second stage, preliminary work is carried out (Fig. 4), during which pits for gondola cars (5) are developed, the first and second (from the coast) supports of span structures from gondola cars (5) filled with blocks of reinforced concrete sleepers (6) are mounted. Pipes with holes (11) are vertically installed between the sleepers and crushed stone (9) is poured, which displaces water and fills the sinuses. A cement-sand mortar is fed into the pipes with holes (11) and a monolithic reinforced concrete support structure is formed.

The superstructure of the frames of the fitting platforms (7) is installed on the gondola car supports (5) that rise above the water surface. On the top of the frame, a flooring of metal sleepers is arranged, installed with a certain pitch, made of metal frames from tanks under the rails of the track. On the top of the metal sleepers, a wooden flooring is arranged from used, discarded wooden sleepers for the movement of automobile and tracked vehicles, as well as for the movement of personnel. A fence made of stairs from railway tanks (12) is arranged along the edges of the superstructure, and wheel bumpers (14) are installed.

Further, at a greater depth, exceeding the height of the gondola car, paired supports from gondola cars (5) are installed for the device of the lower part of the support. Paired gondola car supports (5) are welded or bolted together into a single structure with filling the internal volume in the same way as for the supports discussed above. For installation in the design position, a foundation pit is being developed for gondola cars. The gondola cars, mounted at the second stage, are installed in the design position in advance and can be in the water for a long time, therefore they are protected from corrosion, but even in the case of complete destruction from rusting of the metal of the gondola car, the support structure will ensure integrity by combining blocks of reinforced concrete sleepers into a single monolithic, reinforced concrete structure.

At the third, final stage, which occurs after the failure of the main bridge, the upper parts of the supports of superstructures from gondola cars (5) filled with blocks of reinforced concrete sleepers (6) are installed on the previously mounted paired supports, as well as for of the supports discussed above. The superstructure of the frames of the fitting platforms (7) is installed on the gondola car supports (5) that rise above the water surface. The frames are pulled together and supported by bolted connections. On the top of the frame, a flooring of metal sleepers is arranged, installed with a certain pitch, made of metal frames from tanks under the rails of the track. On the top of the metal sleepers, a wooden flooring is arranged from used, discarded wooden sleepers for the movement of automobile and tracked vehicles, as well as for the movement of personnel. A fence made of stairs from railway tanks (12) is arranged along the edges of the superstructure, and wheel bumpers (14) are installed.

With the advance arrangement of a collapsible railway bridge, access roads and 1 and 2 (with a flat bottom and subsequent) supports with spans between them are arranged. In peacetime, for surveillance and camouflage purposes, the resulting structures can be used for berthing boats and small vessels.

Thus, the use of the proposed scheme makes it possible to erect a collapsible railway bridge in a short time, which does not require significant labor and material costs using decommissioned, used railway track elements - metal frames of tanks and fitting platforms, rails and sleepers.

With this method of assembling a collapsible railway bridge, we obtain a hydraulic structure that does not require specially made factory structures for the construction, which is important in conditions of emergencies and the supply of troops during combat operations.

The proposed solution of a collapsible railway bridge has been verified by strength and bearing capacity calculations. Calculations have shown that the superstructure from the fitting platform and the support from gondola cars filled with reinforced concrete have the required strength and bearing capacity for the load from the train.

Significant savings in peacetime are achieved through the use of decommissioned, used, railway gondola cars and reinforced concrete sleepers, and in the event of war, seized from the railway or damaged during hostilities.

The proposed technical design solution is aimed at solving logistic problems in the event of emergencies and during the conduct of hostilities and meets the criterion of "novelty".

The above set of distinctive features is not known at this level of development of technology and does not follow from the well-known rules for the design of collapsible railway bridges, which proves the compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The constructive implementation of the proposed technical solution with the specified set of essential features does not present any structural, technical and technological difficulties, from which follows the compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Literature

1. Patent for invention RU 2717445 C1 dated 05/23/2019, IPC E01D 15/12 - "The middle section of the directing beam of the superstructure".

2. Patent for invention RU 94027969 C1 from 18.07.1994, IPC E01D 19/02 - "A support from massive blocks and a method of construction".

3. Patent for invention RU 92008311 C from 25.11.1992, IPC E01D 15/12 - "Bridge section".

4. Patent for invention RU 94025034 C1 from 04.07.1994, IPC E01D 15/12 - "Folding block of the bridge".

5. Patent for invention RU 2267572 C1 dated 12.04.2004, IPC E01D 15/12 - "Two-track powered bridge".

6. Patent for invention RU 94027085 C1 from 18.07.1994, IPC E01D 19/02 - "Method for constructing the foundation of a temporary bridge support and formwork for its implementation."

7. Metal overpass REM-500. Technical description and instructions for installation, transportation, storage and operation. GUZhDV, 1976, Military Publishing. - prototype.

8.https: //www.rzd-partner.ru/zhd-transport/opinions/spisanie-spelsializirovannogo-podvizhnogo-sostava-dolzhno-kompensirovalsya-v-blizhayshie-4-goda/.

9.https: //vgudok.com/lcnta/rclsy-rclsy-cifry-cifry-rzhd-otchityvayutsya-o-zakupkah-putevyh-materialov-no-umalchivayut.

10.https: //vgudok.com/lenta/podvizhnyy-sostav-vypusk-spisanie-stoimost-stavki-obzor-parka-ps-na-seti-rzhd.

Claims (2)

1. A collapsible railway bridge, consisting of flat frame supports, tower supports installed directly on the ground, and spans, characterized in that the flat frame supports and tower supports are made of decommissioned used railway gondola cars with dismantled frames and bogies, filled with blocks assembled from decommissioned used reinforced concrete sleepers, while crushed stone is poured in between the sleepers and pipes are vertically installed, the top of which protrudes for supplying cement-sand mortar into them, and the pipes are equipped with holes uniformly made in height to ensure the formation of cement -sand mortar of a monolithic support structure. 2. A collapsible railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the spans are made of decommissioned used frames of fitting platforms with a flooring arranged on the top of the frames for track rails from metal sleepers installed with a certain pitch and made of metal frames from cisterns, on the top of the metal sleepers there is a wooden flooring made of used discarded wooden sleepers for the movement of automobile and tracked vehicles, and for the movement of personnel, along the edges of the superstructure there is a fence made of stairs from railway tanks and wheel fences made of discarded wooden sleepers.

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