RU2280122C1 - Bridge span structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly to erect small-scale and medium-scale bridges over rivers, rail roads, overpasses, to construct span sections of overpasses, trestles and floor structures.

SUBSTANCE: span structure comprises main metallic tubular beams and metal arch-shaped shells installed between the tubular beams and connected to them, as well as reinforced concrete section connected to main beams by means of thrust members. Main tubular beams are united in at least two mounting units. Each unit comprises at least two spaced apart main tubular beams so that distance between tubular beams is equal to tubular beam diameter. The tubular beams are connected with each other by arch-shaped shell formed of tube half having diameter equal to tubular beam diameter. Mounting units are connected with each other by two overlapped arch-shaped connection members extending along main beam sides and forming arch-shaped shells made as tube halves. The arch-shaped connection members have arch lengths exceeding quarter of tubular beam perimeter. Tension bars are installed in each tubular beam. Transversal ties are arranged in each arch-shaped shell so that transversal ties and tension bars are arranged in horizontal planes and spaced apart along unit length and connected with each other in cross-section to create integral transversal links in the unit. Stiffening members with central orifices are located inside each main beam in thrust parts thereof. Besides, each mounting unit has rod-like thrusts welded to upper mounting unit surface in staggered order so that the thrusts are transversal to above surface. Reinforced concrete section is solid.

EFFECT: simplified structure, reduced time of bridge erection in difficult-to-access areas.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of small and medium-sized bridges across rivers, railways, viaducts and can be used in the construction of the corresponding span structures, in particular viaducts, overpasses, ceilings.

A span structure of a bridge is known, including metal tubular main beams installed between them and metal arched shells mounted in their upper part with a reinforced concrete slab placed on them and combined with the main beams by pins, with the tubular main beams contacting each other in cross section a bridge and are connected at the bottom by a sheet puff welded to them continuously along the length of the span; the reinforced concrete slab is made monolithic, and the metal arched shells are mounted on the tubular main beams by welding (see German Patent No. 1931431, class 19 D 9/02, 1972).

The disadvantages of the known span are:

- high metal consumption of the structure, which is due to the use of a large number of tubular main beams, which are necessary to obtain the required passage size and which need a bunch both on the bottom and on top of their position;

- the considerable complexity of installation, which is due to both the need to lay a large number of tubular main beams, and the presence of continuous sheet tightening and the need to perform a large amount of welding work on the installation of attaching to the main beams of metal arched shells and continuous sheet tightening.

A span structure of the bridge is known, including metal tubular main beams provided with top stops in the form of pins, metal spring-loaded arched shells mounted between them and reinforced in their upper part with reinforced concrete slab placed on them and combined with the main beams, as well as pins, as well as fixing strips located in the upper part of the main beams, supporting diaphragms and ties, mounted on the outer side surfaces of the main beams in the planes of the main beams, and steel the diaphragms placed in the cavity of the tubular main beams in the plane of attachment of the bonds, the reinforced concrete slab made of a team of monolithic voids for pin stops, longitudinally oriented blocks, each of which is made in one piece with a corresponding metal spring-loaded arch shell and is fixed in the fixing strips of adjacent main beams (USSR Author's Certificate No. 831893, M.cl. E 01 D 9/02, 1981).

This well-known technical solution is selected as a prototype, as it has the largest number of essential features that are common with the claimed invention, and is also aimed at solving a similar problem.

However, the prototype has significant disadvantages:

- the considerable complexity of the installation, which is due both to the need for a separate laying of each tubular main beam on a support and to the presence of a large amount of welding work at the installation for attaching metal arched shells to the main beams;

- the high complexity of the concrete work necessary to monopolize voids above the stops in the form of pins of longitudinally oriented blocks;

- the complexity of the design due to the large number of structural elements, the technological difficulty of attaching reinforced concrete slabs both to the metal part of the bridge span, and to each other.

The present invention is the creation of the span of the bridge, with simplicity of design and the ability to quickly build in hard to reach places.

The problem is solved as follows. In the known span of a bridge comprising metal tubular main beams, metal arched shells interconnected therebetween and a reinforced concrete part connected to the main beams by stops, ACCORDING to the present invention, the tubular main beams are combined in at least two mounting blocks, each of which at least two main beams are located at a distance from each other equal to the diameter of the pipe, the arched shell is made of a half pipe having a diameter equal to the diameter pipes, and the connection of the mounting blocks to each other is made in the form of an arched shell, formed from overlapping two arched connecting elements installed on the sides of each mounting block and forming arched shells in the form of a half-pipe, with strands installed in each main beam, in each arched the sheath - cross-links, which together with the strands are located in the horizontal plane and dispersed along the length of the block, and in cross section are interconnected, forming single cross-sections in the block ides, and in supporting sections, inside each main beam, stiffeners with a central hole are placed, the stops are made in the form of pins and are staggered perpendicular to its upper surface, and the reinforced concrete part is made monolithic.

There is a development option for the original technical solution, according to which a monolithic slab consists of two layers. The lower layer, laid on the mounting block, is made of fiber-reinforced concrete, and the upper one, over the entire width of the span, is made of reinforced concrete.

Such a new technical solution, with its entire set of essential features, makes it possible to perform a span in which torsional and bending stiffness is increased. In addition, the volume of reinforced concrete work is reduced, as well as the volume of metal used and the number of nomenclature units used to erect the bridge span.

This is due to the fact that in the proposed technical solution, the span of the bridge is formed of at least two mounting blocks, each of which can be manufactured in the factory and / or on site. After that, it can easily be delivered to the installation site, especially in hard-to-reach places, for example, in the areas of laying gas and oil pipelines, which allows you to use gas and oil pipes on the spot for the construction of the bridge span, including from the number of pipes, attributed to used or recognized substandard.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed technical solution has significant differences, which are as follows:

- mounting blocks are formed from the metal main tubular beams, from which the metal part of the bridge span is formed;

- the main tubular beams connecting them to the mounting blocks, arched shells of half pipes, as well as connecting arcuate elements on the sides of each mounting block are made of pipes of the same diameter;

- metal arched shells of half pipes and arcuate connecting elements are installed between the main tubular beams and form a wave-shaped upper part at the mounting block, providing rigidity in the longitudinal and transverse directions;

- a monolithic reinforced concrete part was erected on top of the metal part. It is located on the wavy surface of the metal part, which serves as the formwork and having stops in the form of pins, which are staggered perpendicular to the surface of the metal part. Due to this, the monolithic concrete part over the entire surface of the bridge span works well for separation from the metal part;

- the upper undulating metal part of the span consists of equally curved arched shells, which allows you to create an arched effect in the concrete part when loading the span with a local load between the main beams, since the “concrete arches” are the same in size and there is no strut in them, since reinforced concrete works equally efficiently on compression;

- on top of each mounting block has either a reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced concrete slab, on top of which, in the process of combining into a span, a common monolithic reinforced concrete slab is made. This increases the bearing capacity of the main beams at the first stage of loading the span, and speeds up the process of erecting the span, because after each installation, a technician can move through each mounting block.

The applicant conducted a patent information search, during which the claimed combination of essential features was not found. Therefore, the present invention can be considered new.

The proposed technical solution corresponds to the inventive step, since for a specialist of average skill the present invention does not logically follow from the prior art and is unexpected for him. However, the following inventions are known: German Patent No. 1931431, class. 19 D 9/02, 1972 protects the invention of the bridge span, in which the main tubular beams are located along the axis of the bridge next to each other and are connected by lower and upper belts, and from above by a reinforced concrete part. USSR copyright certificate No. 637475, M.cl. E 01 D 9/2, 15.12.78 protects the invention of the longitudinal structure of the bridge, in which under the concrete part there are arched metal shells located at the same level as semi-pipes, connected in the horizontal plane by transverse diaphragms, forming the corresponding single reinforcing positions of the main beams, and providing the strength of the communication bridge. From the prototype that was considered earlier, and the USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1474203, M.cl. E 01 D 9/02, 04/23/1989 the use of arched structures is known that are connected in pairs at the bottom with each other with the help of a support sheet, and at the top with a concrete part made in one piece. From these well-known technical solutions it can be seen that the development of the main beam of the bridge span is carried out from a set of pipes to the use of arched shells in the form of half pipes, on the basis of which the main beams are formed. In this case, an attempt is made to use the main beam with the corresponding stiffeners as the mounting block. However, in the present invention for the first time from at least two tubular main beams, an assembly block of the bridge span is formed. Compared with the known case of using mounting blocks to create a bridge span, the number of such blocks in the present invention is required at least two times less. Moreover, the pipes, half pipes and the elements from which they form the arched shells when connecting the mounting blocks to each other, have the same diameter.

From the invention “Steel-reinforced concrete span” (see USSR author's certificate No. 1825837, E 01 D 9/02, 07/07/93) it is known to use horizontal high-strength strands for crimping tubular shells used as main beams, as well as the presence of horizontal horizontal tubes between the main tubes transverse ties and not removable formwork, which is laid on the supporting elements located on the said transverse ties. In the present invention, there are metal stiffeners in the main pipes. Of these, one is the strands that are installed inside the pipes of the main beams and tighten them in the horizontal plane, and transverse connections in the form of corners connect the ends of the half-pipes of the arched shells in the horizontal plane. This simplifies the design, and creates the conditions for regulating the stresses in the bridge span, in particular, due to the artificial deformation of the contour of the tubular beams, additional compressive and tensile stresses are created using horizontal strands. At the same time, the reliability in operation of the bridge span is increased both due to the formation of the corresponding prefabricated metal part, and due to the monolithic reinforced concrete part, which is connected to the metal part by means of stops made in the form of pins and arranged accordingly, as well as a reinforcing mesh that is connected with pins.

An analysis of the known technical solutions presented earlier shows that ensuring the reliability and strength of the bridge span, as well as improving the conditions for its assembly, is also achieved by increasing the mass of the structure and its structural complexity. For example, according to FRG Patent No. 1931431, increasing the reliability and strength of the bridge span is achieved by forming a homogeneous metal structure, in particular by arranging pipes in a row and next to each other and their bundle of lower and upper sheet belts. As a result, the metal consumption of the structure increases.

In USSR author's certificate No. 831893, ensuring the reliability and strength of the bridge span is achieved by the fact that the main beam is a pipe, inside which a part of its space in the supporting sections is monolithic, and the bundle of the main beams is formed by arched shells having a different diameter than that of the pipes of the main beams. This increases the volume of concrete work, complicates the installation of such bridge spans. In addition, condensation forms inside the main beam, monolithic at both ends, which leads to corrosion and the rapid failure of the main beams.

In the proposed technical solution, a uniform wavy surface is formed at the metal part of the bridge span. Moreover, its metal part is formed of mounting blocks, which improves the assembly conditions of the bridge span, reduces its metal consumption and increases the reliability and durability of the structure. In addition, on the surface of the metal part in a checkerboard pattern along the entire length of the monolithic block, stops in the form of pins are arranged perpendicular to it, the installation of which is generally known from RF patent No. 214302. But this known installation was not performed on a wavy surface, but on a surface of a different shape. In the present invention, they are mounted on a uniform wave-shaped surface, which, in combination with the mentioned pins, allows you to have a monolithic reinforced concrete part of the bridge span, combining its mounting blocks into a single structure.

The technical nature of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Figure 1 - cross section of the span of the bridge;

Figure 2 - node connection arched shell with the main beam;

Figure 3 - node connecting the mounting blocks to each other;

Figure 4 is a view of the upper part of the bridge span with elastic pins mounted on it;

5 is a view of the facade of the bridge span.

The practical applicability of the present invention is illustrated by the following description.

This span of the bridge consists of at least two mounting blocks 1 and 2, the connection of which forms the metal part of the span (Figure 1). In each mounting block 1 and 2, the metal tubular main beams 3 in the transverse direction are located at a distance L from each other. This distance L is equal to the outer diameter D of the pipe 3, which is also used for the main beams to connect them in cross section in the form of a half-pipe 4, and to create connecting arcuate elements 5. They, as noted earlier, are installed on the sides of blocks 1 and 2. The connection of the mounting blocks 1 and 2 to each other (Figure 3) is made in the form of an arched shell 4 formed of overlapping two arched connecting elements 5 mounted on the sides of each mounting block 1 and 2. These elements 5 have an arc longer than four the length of the circumference of the pipe 3 by an amount h, depending on the method of their connection with each other and the mounting blocks to each other (Figure 3). For example, if the connection is bolted, then the mentioned elongation “h” of the arc will be of the order of two bolt diameters (not shown). In general, to connect the mounting blocks to each other using these elements 5, guide pins are used (the technological element is conventionally shown in the drawing), which fix the position of one element 5 relative to another, and therefore, one mounting block relative to another (Figure 3). Therefore, the value of h depends on the wall thickness of the half pipes 4 and the diameter of the mentioned pin. At the same time, inside each main beam 3, tie rods 6 are installed (Figs. 1, 2), each of which has a thread cut at its ends, and their tension is controlled by the nuts 8 located at their ends. In each arched sheath there are transverse connections 7, which can be corners (Figure 2). The rods 6 and the transverse ties 7 are located in the horizontal plane and are dispersed along the length of the block (Figure 5). In the cross section, the strands 6 and the transverse connections 7 are interconnected, forming a single transverse connection in the block (Figure 1). Moreover, in the supporting sections inside each main beam 3, stiffening elements 12 are placed, having a central hole (Figs. 1, 2), which ensures convection processes in the pipe 3, eliminating the accumulation of water inside the pipe. Above the metal part of the bridge span, staggered perpendicular to it, stops are installed in the form of pins 13 (Figure 4), and the reinforced concrete part is made of monolithic 10 (Figure 1). A variant is possible in which either a reinforced concrete or a fiber-reinforced concrete slab is located on top of each mounting block, and after combining them into a span, a common monolithic reinforced concrete slab 11 is made. The proposed span of the bridge works as follows. After loading the mounted bridge span with the second part of the constant load, the stress is regulated using horizontal strands 6 with nuts 8. The artificially created deformation of the contour of the tubular main beams 3 allows you to reduce stress in the lower stretched fibers of the beam 3 and slightly increase in the upper, where the steel part works together with reinforced concrete slab. Also, horizontal strands 6 with nuts 8, installed along the length of the mounting block (Figure 5) and fixing the elastic contour of the tubular beams 3 during operation, do not allow the beams 3 to lose general and local stability from heavy temporary and constant load. In the process, the nuts 8 can be tightened, if necessary.

Installation of the structure begins with the manufacture of the mounting block 1 and 2. In the tubular main beams 3, in the half-pipe 4 and in the arcuate connecting elements 5, holes are drilled with a certain step along the length of the mounting block. To the transverse bonds 7 at the ends are welded strips 9 with holes, and then in the half-pipe so that the holes in the strips 9 coincide with the holes in the half-pipe. At the construction site or in the factory, the main beams 3 are located at a distance L from each other, which, in this case, is equal to the diameter of the pipe used for the main beams. A half-pipe 4 is installed between them, and on the sides of the main beams 3, arc-shaped connecting elements 5 are fastened on auxiliary temporary scaffolds (not shown). Then, everything is connected into a single structure using cords 6, which are passed through holes in the main beam 3, in the half-pipe arc-shaped connecting elements 5 and strips 9 of transverse connections 7. After that, tighten the nuts 8 to the calculated force using a torque wrench or a pneumatic wrench. After reaching the required compression of the cross section of the tubular main beam 3, a half-pipe 4 and arcuate connecting elements 5 are welded to its lateral surface. After that, support ribs 12 with a central hole are welded in the supporting sections (Figure 5). The stops in the form of pins made of scraps of reinforcement 13 along the length of the block are welded to the upper undulating surface of the mounting block perpendicularly to it using the Hephaestus machine. Prior to installing the mounting blocks on the supports, the slab 10 is concreted. The monolithic slab 10 is included in the joint work with the help of staggered blocks along the length of the mounting block. The monolithic slab 10 can be made of either reinforced concrete or fiber reinforced concrete, which is more preferable since fiber concrete has several times higher tensile and shear strength, impact and fatigue strength, crack resistance and fracture toughness, frost resistance, water resistance, cavitation resistance , heat resistance and fire resistance. Fiber concrete can be 15-20 times superior to concrete in terms of destruction performance. This ensures its high technical and economic efficiency when used in building structures and their repair. Then, after a set of concrete of a monolithic slab 10 of the required strength, the mounting blocks are delivered into place and mounted on supports using crane equipment.

After installing the mounting blocks 1 and 2 on the supports and combining with each other, as shown in the drawing (Figure 3), concreted a common slab 11 of ordinary reinforced concrete over the entire width of the span. Next, the carriageway is arranged, and a barrier and railing is installed (Figure 5). Figure 5 shows the bearing of the span on the intermediate support.

The claimed span structure of the bridge allows to reduce the material consumption of the structure, to ensure optimal bearing capacity due to compression of the pipe cross section by strands, redistributing the magnitude of the stresses arising in the elastic contours of the pipe. This reduces the weight of the structure and material consumption, reduces the complexity of the process of erecting the bridge span due to the use of pipes of the same diameter, as well as due to the presence of mounting blocks that are prefabricated.

Claims (2)

1. The span of the bridge, including metal main tubular beams installed between them and connected with them metal arched shells and reinforced concrete part combined with the main beams by means of stops, characterized in that the tubular main beams are combined in at least two mounting blocks, in each of which at least two tubular main beams are located at a distance from each other, equal to the diameter of the tubular beam, and are interconnected by an arched sheath made of a half-pipe, having the diameter equal to the diameter of the tubular beam, and the connection of the mounting blocks to each other is made of two arcuate connecting elements installed on the sides of the main beams, overlapped and forming arched shells in the form of half pipes, and the arcuate connecting elements have an arc length greater than a quarter of the circumference of the tubular beam , inside each main beam, strands are installed, and in each arched sheath there are transverse connections, which, together with the strands, are located in a horizontal plane and are distributed along in a block, and in cross section are interconnected to form uniform cross connections in the block, while inside each main beam in the supporting sections stiffeners with a central hole are placed, in addition, each mounting block is made with stops in the form of pins that are welded into staggered perpendicular to the upper surface of the mounting block, and the reinforced concrete part is made monolithic. 2. The span according to claim 1, characterized in that each mounting block on top has either a reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced concrete slab.

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