RU2746085C1 - Method for protecting surface ship from a torpedo - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: surface ships protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the protection of a surface ship from being hit by enemy torpedoes. To protect a surface ship from a torpedo, in which an enemy torpedo is detected using the ship's sonar station. Its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, the ship performs an anti-torpedo maneuver with the torpedo being brought to the aft course angles and the speed is increased. The points and time of the start of bombing are calculated, based on the expected speed of rapprochement of the torpedo with the ship from the moment of its last observation, after the ship arrives at the design point, a series of depth charges are dropped from the aft bomb release device with a specified or design time interval. Depth charges are used, equipped with a penetration device, a proximity fuse, a power source and an elimination device, when calculating the time for the start of the discharge of depth charges, they take into account the time of arrival of the bombs in a combat state after the release, immerse the depth charges to a depth corresponding to the depth of the torpedo stroke, for which before the discharge the bomb-burying device operation is regulated. Power is supplied to the proximity fuse and the bomb is brought into a firing position; when the torpedo passes within the range of the proximity fuse, the explosive charge of the depth charge is detonated. The torpedo hull and / or its control devices are destroyed, and the torpedo is prevented from entering the ship. To prevent the loss of hydroacoustic contact with the torpedo and increase the effectiveness of protection, radioacoustic buoys are dropped from the ship at design points, after they are splashed down, hydrophones and / or buoy transceivers are deepened to a given or design depth and the aquatic environment is surveyed, when the buoy detects a torpedo following the ship, information is transmitted about its location to the ship, where they calculate the location of the torpedo, its course and speed.

EFFECT: effective protection of the ship is achieved.

1 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The described invention relates to methods of protecting a surface ship from being hit by enemy torpedoes.

The torpedo, as a means of destruction of a sea target, has a warhead with an explosive charge, onboard control and target detection systems that serve to search for a target, detect it and aim at a target, approach it at a distance of an explosive device operation, a power plant that ensures the operation of devices controls and organs of movement, propulsion system and propulsion.

Modern torpedoes differ:

- in size (calibers 324, 400, 482, 533, 550 and more mm);

- by carriers - ship and aviation;

- by the way of control - homing and remote-controlled;

- by designation - anti-ship, anti-submarine, universal;

- by the type of power plant - thermal and electrical [1].

A homing torpedo has an autonomous homing system that detects a target, determines its position relative to the longitudinal axis of the torpedo and generates the necessary commands for the onboard control system. In modern torpedoes, mainly acoustic homing systems (HSS) are used, which ensure the guidance of a torpedo at a target by sound impulses reflected from it (active HSS) or by noise from propellers and operating mechanisms (passive HSS) [1].

Torpedo homing systems emit and receive sound pulses in two planes: horizontally - along the torpedo's course and vertical - along its depth. Two-plane SSNs are used in anti-submarine and universal torpedoes, and single-plane ones are used in anti-ship torpedoes. In this case, either a horizontal plane or a vertical one is involved, as, for example, in the under-jet SSN of the Mk45 F torpedo mod. 1 (USA), working on the wake of the target [2].

Telecontrolled torpedoes are equipped with telecontrol systems with wire or fiber optic communication lines. Control commands are generated on the carrier and sent to the torpedo in the form of electrical signals. The accuracy of the torpedo guidance depends on the errors in the operation of the hydroacoustic station (GAS) of the carrier. When approaching the target, the torpedo is switched to the target search and homing mode [1]. The use of telecontrol provides a more effective capture of the target of the torpedo CLS, which makes it possible to launch, knowing only the bearing to the target. The telecontrol range of modern torpedoes is 10-20 km. Telecontrol can be one-way and two-way - with feedback from the torpedo to the carrier, when the torpedo's CLS is used as a remote GAS [3].

Universal torpedoes are used both for submarines and surface ships. They are equipped with acoustic homing systems in anti-submarine and anti-ship versions, as well as a telecontrol system [1].

Thus, to defeat surface ships at sea, the enemy can use anti-ship and universal torpedoes with homing and telecontrol.

To protect surface ships from being hit by enemy torpedoes, their anti-torpedo protection is organized, which is a complex of various technical means and actions that reduce the threat of their destruction by torpedo weapons, and is provided by constructive protection of the ship, fencing it in the parking lot with anti-torpedo nets, using special towed or self-propelled guards from homing torpedoes and other measures [4]. Devices are used that are aimed at mechanical destruction of the torpedo's body and control devices, creating an insurmountable obstacle in the path of its movement, as well as suppressing the operation of its homing and telecontrol system. Additionally, the ship's maneuver is used to evade an attacking torpedo, which consists in increasing the speed and turning the ship away from or towards the torpedo.

For mechanical destruction of the body and control devices of torpedoes are intended means of fire destruction, for example, reactive depth charges (RSL), used in anti-submarine reactive systems (RPS) (Table 1) [5], and anti-torpedoes [6].

For effective use of means of fire destruction, timely detection of the attacking torpedo by the sonar station of the ship is required, which, on the move, due to the noise of the propellers and the presence of the wake, does not observe objects at the aft heading angles. Therefore, the fire defeat of torpedoes attacking the ship from the stern is almost impossible.

Additionally, to suppress homing and telecontrol systems of torpedoes, electronic or hydroacoustic suppression (GPA) means are used: drifting, self-propelled or towed jamming devices [7]. However, they only suppress the acoustic homing systems of torpedoes and do not work against torpedoes with an under-jet homing system. Therefore, additional methods of protecting a surface ship from torpedoes with an under-jet homing system are so necessary.

The known method of anti-torpedo protection of a surface ship using depth charges dropped from the stern of a ship or vessel, taken as a prototype of the invention [8]. When using this method, an enemy torpedo is detected using the ship's hydroacoustic station, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, the ship performs an anti-torpedo maneuver with the torpedo being brought to the aft course angles and the speed is increased, the points and time of the start of bombing are calculated based on the expected speed of convergence of the torpedo with by the ship from the moment of its last observation, after the arrival of the ship at the design point, a series of depth charges are dropped from the aft bomb dropping device with a given or design time interval, while using depth charges equipped with a penetration device, a proximity fuse, a power source and a liquidation device, when calculating the time the beginning of the discharge of depth charges, take into account the time of the arrival of the bombs in a combat state after the discharge, immerse the depth charges to a depth corresponding to the estimated depth of the torpedo stroke, for which, before the discharge, they regulate the operation of the penetration device, after Throwing a bomb into the water with compressed gas inflates a float placed in a penetration device and connected to the bomb body by a cable wound on a reel, the cable is unwound to a length corresponding to the required penetration of the bomb, power is supplied to the proximity fuse and the bomb is brought into a firing position, when the torpedo passes into the range of action of the proximity fuse detonates the explosive charge of the depth charge, destroys the torpedo body and / or its control devices and prevents the torpedo from hitting the ship, with the help of the elimination device, after a set time after the release, the proximity fuse is turned off, transfer the bomb to a safe state, disrupt its buoyancy, and flooded [8].

However, the disadvantage of this method is the lack of control of the torpedo by the hydroacoustic station of the ship, since when evading the torpedo, bringing it to the aft course angles and increasing the speed, the ship loses hydroacoustic contact with the torpedo. In this case, bombing on a torpedo on a ship is carried out according to the calculated data, based on the expected speed of convergence of the torpedo with the ship from the moment of its last observation. That is, the points of release of depth charges are calculated not for real, but for the assumed coordinates and parameters of the torpedo movement. Consequently, the effectiveness of this method of protecting a ship from a torpedo cannot be high.

The aim of the invention is to develop a more effective method of protecting a surface ship from an enemy torpedo, providing bombing and maneuvering of the ship without losing hydroacoustic contact with the torpedo, including moving in the wake of the ship.

To achieve the objective of the invention, a method of protecting a surface ship from a torpedo is proposed, in which an enemy torpedo is detected using the ship's hydroacoustic station, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, an anti-torpedo maneuver is performed by the ship with the torpedo being brought to aft course angles and the speed is increased, points and time are calculated the beginning of bombing, based on the expected speed of rapprochement of the torpedo with the ship from the moment of its last observation, after the ship arrives at the design point, a series of depth charges are dropped from the aft bomb dropping device with a specified or design time interval, depth charges are used, equipped with a penetration device, a proximity fuse, a source power supply and elimination device, when calculating the start time for the release of depth charges, they take into account the time of arrival of bombs in a combat state after the release, immerse the depth charges to a depth corresponding to the depth of the torpedo stroke, for which, before dropping the They activate the operation of the bomb penetration device, supply power to the proximity fuse and bring the bomb into a firing position; when a torpedo passes within the radius of action of the proximity fuse, they detonate the explosive charge of the depth charge, destroy the torpedo body and / or its control devices and prevent the torpedo from entering a ship that differs the fact that in order to prevent the loss of hydroacoustic contact with the torpedo and increase the effectiveness of protection, radioacoustic buoys are dropped from the ship at design points, after their splashdown, hydrophones and / or buoy transceivers are deepened to a given or design depth and survey of the aquatic environment is carried out, when a buoy detects a torpedo following behind the ship, transmit information about its location to the ship, where they calculate the location of the torpedo, its course and speed.

The implementation of the method for protecting a surface ship from an enemy torpedo is shown in Fig. 1-3:

- fig. 1 - placement by the ship of hydroacoustic buoys and detection of a torpedo by them;

- fig. 2 - discharge of depth charges at calculated points and their deepening;

- fig. 3 - the approach of the torpedo to the protective barrier.

The numbers in FIG. 1-3 are designated: 1 - surface ship; 2 - satellite or wake trail of a surface ship; 3 - torpedo; 4 - the trajectory of the torpedo guidance to the ship; 5 - satellite or wake of a torpedo; 6 - sonar buoy; 7 - hydrophone or transceiver of a hydroacoustic buoy; 8 - detection of a torpedo by a hydrophone or a transceiver of a hydroacoustic buoy; 9 - transmission of data on the detected torpedo to the ship; 10 - depth charge; 11 - depth charge float; 12 - the zone of action of the proximity fuse of the depth charge, which is a ball of radius R _nv .

The technical result of the invention is a method of protecting a surface ship from a torpedo using depth charges, in which bombing and maneuvering of the ship when evading a torpedo are carried out without losing hydroacoustic contact with the torpedo, which ensures the required efficiency of protecting the ship, including by reducing the consumption of weapons.

Information sources

1. Torpedo. Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1989.511 p. P. 431.

2.V.A. Barkov, V.V. Klimov. Development of US Torpedo Weapons (Information Review). SPb .: JSC "Concern" Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor ", 2009. 44 p. P. 24.

3. V. Kurenkov. Prospects for the development of torpedo weapons of the Navy of foreign countries // Foreign military review, No. 1, 2008. P. 68-76. http://pentagonus.ru/publ/31-1-0-571.

4. Anti-torpedo protection. Naval Dictionary for Youth. T. 2. (Letters H - I) / Under total. ed. P.A. Grischuk. M .: DOSAAF, 1987.320 s, ill. S. 108-109.

5. A.V. Novikov et al. Anti-submarine missile weapons of industrially developed countries. Tutorial. SPb, VMI, 2002.47 p. S. 10-16.

6. Drobot K.V., Sorokin S.F. Complex of active anti-torpedo protection // Marine radio electronics, No. 2, 2003. P. 28-29.

7. Means of hydroacoustic suppression. Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1989.511 p. P. 405.

8. Patent for invention RU 2657593. Method and device for anti-torpedo protection of a surface ship / А.А. Forostyaniy, A.V. Novikov, E.S. Pakhomov, A.V. Ledov, A.V. Chernykh, I.S. Kovalenok. M .: FIPS, 2018.Bul. No. 17.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting a surface ship from a torpedo, in which an enemy torpedo is detected using the ship's hydroacoustic station, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, an anti-torpedo maneuver is performed by the ship with the torpedo being brought to the aft heading angles and the speed is increased, the points and time of the start of bombing are calculated based on the expected speed of rapprochement of the torpedo with the ship from the moment of its last observation, after the ship arrives at the design point, a series of depth charges are dropped from the aft bomb release device with a given or design time interval, depth charges are used, equipped with a burial device, a proximity fuse, a power source and a liquidation device, when calculating the start time for the release of depth charges, the time of arrival of the bombs in a combat state after the release is taken into account, the depth charges are immersed to a depth corresponding to the depth of the torpedo stroke, for which, before the release, the operation of the bomb penetration device is regulated, provide power to the proximity fuse and bring the bomb into a firing position, when the torpedo passes within the range of the proximity fuse, they detonate the explosive charge of the depth charge, destroy the torpedo body and / or its control devices and prevent the torpedo from entering the ship, characterized in that to prevent loss hydroacoustic contact with a torpedo and increasing the effectiveness of protection, radioacoustic buoys are dropped from the ship at design points, after they are splashed down, hydrophones and / or buoy transceivers are deepened to a given or calculated depth and survey of the aquatic environment, when a buoy detects a torpedo following the ship, transmit information about its location on the ship, where the torpedo's location, course and speed are calculated.

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