RU2382313C2 - Antiaircraft self-contained complex of submarine self-defense (sds "spider") and method of its use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: proposed complex comprises of jet-surfacing container with antiaircraft missiles that can divide into floatable segments supported on sea surface by external gas-filled vessels. Main segment surface part accommodates radar transceiver, while its submerged part incorporates heaving stabiliser. Missile segments are coupled with aforesaid main segment by hinge-rod mechanisms that feature one degree of freedom in vertical plane. Proposed complex comprises system of activation and surfacing, deployment system, system of stabilisation and heaving hill allowance, target detection and destruction system and self-destruction system. Proposed method comprises launching aforesaid container into surface position from submerged submarine launcher. Container surfacing is driven by jet accelerator and/or due positive buoyancy of external gas-filled vessel fitted on container casing. Containers are divided into segments with positive buoyancy. Mechanical system of stabilisation and electronic system allowing for heaving hill angles are used. Air or sea targets are sought by radio-locating air hemisphere and classified in compliance with preset criteria. Target designation data is sent to self-guided antiaircraft missiles to be launched. If required, aforesaid steps are repeated for missiles to be self-destroyed in compliance with preset criteria.

EFFECT: higher stability of submarines with standard missile launcher, higher safety of submarine maneuvers in combat position.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to naval technology, in particular to anti-aircraft missile systems of submarines.

Known anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) or anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) launched from submarines for self-defense:

The German company Bodsnzeeverke Geratetehnik and the Norwegian Kongsberg developed the IDAS anti-aircraft missile system for self-defense of submarines in submerged position. The complex consists of a transport and launch container (TPK), four reactive pop-up guided missiles and an operator console. Four missiles are placed in a transport and launch container loaded into a 533-mm submarine torpedo tubes. The missiles are made according to the normal aerodynamic scheme, equipped with a three-stage solid-fuel engine, a thermal imaging homing head (GOS) and a fiber-optic communication line with the operator in the submarine. [URL: http://lenta.ru/news/2006/11/20/germany/ according to defense-aerospace.com].

The German company Daimler-Benz Aerospace is developing the Triton UR controlled by fiber optic cable to equip submarines. This missile is designed to destroy anti-submarine aircraft and helicopters, surface ships, as well as mobile and stationary coastal targets. Its glider is arranged according to the tailless pattern with a cruciform wing arrangement. The onboard equipment of the UR will include an inertial control system, a laser altimeter, an autopilot, a thermal imaging homing head and a transceiver. It is planned to establish a fragmentation-cumulative warhead on the rocket. On U-boats, it is planned to store them in transport-launch containers (TPK), which in turn are loaded into torpedo tubes. Each TPK can accommodate six missiles. ["Foreign Military Review" No. 2, M., 2002].

Aerosasyal (France) and Messerschmit Belkov Blom (Germany) developed the Polypheme SM SAM, consisting of a reactive pop-up container (FIG. 1, p. 1), a remote-controlled homing missile (FIG. 1, p. 2) and operator console. SAM Polypheme SM is made according to the aerodynamic scheme "duck", has solid-propellant starting and marching engines, an infrared homing and remote control system. [Handbook "World Anti-Aircraft Missile Weapons", ARMS-TASS, St. Petersburg, 2005]

Known methods of using the above devices:

The IDAS anti-aircraft missile system is designed to ensure the combat stability of submarines by hitting anti-submarine helicopters and aircraft of base patrol aviation. The initial target detection is carried out by a submarine sonar system (SAC), the data is transmitted to the operator’s console, which launches the rocket. The rocket engine starts in a torpedo tube (transport and launch container), then during the movement under water, coils with a fiber-optic remote control cable are separated from the rocket. In the air portion of the flight path, the operator directs the missile at the target at the level of the acoustic signal, before it is captured by an infrared homing system. This principle of guidance allows you to recognize false targets. [URL: http://lenta.ru/news/2006/11/20/germany/ according to defense-aerospace.com].

The Triton anti-aircraft missile system is designed to ensure the combat stability of submarines by hitting anti-submarine helicopters and aircraft of base patrol aviation. Initial target detection is carried out by the sonar system (SAC) of the submarine. Calculation of the flight path of missiles according to target designation, input of the flight mission, prelaunch preparation and launch will be carried out by a boat computer-based control system. Data exchange between a submarine and a missile, obtaining an image of an attack object on a control system display, as well as target designation of SD on the final section of the trajectory, is carried out using equipment for transmitting, receiving, and converting information through a fiber optic channel. At launch, the SD is pushed out of the torpedo tube, at a safe distance from the submarine, the solid-fuel engine is turned on and the wing of the rocket opens. After passing the underwater section, it enters the calculated flight path. [The journal "Foreign Military Review" No. 2, M., 2002].

Polypheme anti-aircraft missile system is designed to ensure the combat stability of submarines by hitting anti-submarine helicopters and aircraft of base patrol aviation. Data on the presence of the target is provided by the onboard submarine hull. After firing, the launch container reactively pops up along the programmed path. At the command of a special sensor that detects the ascent, the container body is divided longitudinally into two halves, freeing the SAM, in which the plumage is opened and the starting engine is triggered. At the initial flight section, the operator on board the submarine searches for the target using one of two modes for this. If the range and bearing of the target are determined with sufficient accuracy, the missile launcher enters the trajectory of the interception and the thermal imaging camera during the flight scans a zone 3 km wide. When the exact location of the target is unknown, the missile launcher gains altitude with a turn of 1 km radius and the thermal imaging camera scans the space within the entire hemisphere in a circular or spiral manner. In any of these modes, the operator on board the submarine evaluates the air situation, identifies the target, selects and captures it. Aiming the rocket at the selected target after its capture is carried out automatically, but remains under the control of the operator. [Handbook "World Anti-Aircraft Missile Weapons", ARMS-TASS, St. Petersburg, 2005]

The considered devices and methods for their use have serious disadvantages:

1. Foreign developments based on remote control of anti-aircraft missiles are applicable for diesel submarines with low underwater speeds and a low ability to evade detection (target designation) and destruction. To ensure greater combat stability, an atomic submarine must have complete freedom of maneuver in course, speed and depth, which makes remote control of missiles impossible for several reasons:

- with increasing speed of the submarine, acoustic contact with the air target is lost, which, taking into account the highly maneuverable qualities of the target, makes the guidance of missiles by the operator extremely inefficient.

- a breakage of the telecontrol wire is possible, it gets into the screws, steering wheels, fencing and other protruding parts.

- The submarine must be maneuvered with the TA front cover open, which reduces the survivability of the submarine and can cause mechanical damage to the front cover drive with the consequent impossibility of further use of the apparatus.

2. The design does not include a target detection system, their classification and target designation with its own power source located outside anti-aircraft missiles, which significantly limits the autonomy of the complex and its effectiveness.

3. The duration of the combat action on the target is limited by the flight time of the rocket.

The main objective of the invention is to increase the combat stability of submarines having a standard launcher (torpedo tube) from attacks by forces and means of anti-submarine aircraft by creating a long-term combat zone in which the submarine can carry out autonomous relatively safe maneuvering during the time of the complex’s operation, while airborne objects that are within the combat zone will be automatically detected, classified and fired s with one or more anti-aircraft missiles.

To accomplish this task, an anti-aircraft autonomous universal complex of self-defense of submarines (“PAUK” SB PL) is proposed, consisting of a jet-pop-up container with anti-aircraft missiles, characterized in that the container is made divided into floating segments supported on the sea surface by external containers filled with gas, the main segment has a radar receiving-emitting device in the surface part, a wave stabilization device in the underwater part, and rocket segments s connected to the main segment of the hinged-rod-mechanisms with one degree of freedom in a vertical plane. The complex contains systems that ensure its functioning:

- system of activation and ascent to the surface;

- deployment system;

- a system of stabilization and accounting of roll angles in waves;

- system of search and localization of goals;

- target destruction system;

- self-destruction system.

This design of the air defense system allows to achieve the implementation of important tactical properties:

- full autonomy of maneuvering the submarine;

- full autonomy of the functioning of the air defense system in the search, classification and firing of targets;

- long-term cover of the maneuvering area of the submarine from approaching airborne objects;

- preservation of a single coordinate space for target designation systems and target destruction;

- the possibility of simultaneous or sequential shelling of one or more targets;

- the possibility of self-destruction according to one of the specified signs.

The placement of devices and mechanisms that make up the complex’s systems is illustrated in FIGS. 1–4, where FIG. 1 shows a “SPID” in an assembled (unopened) position in a section, FIG. 2 shows the principle of opening segments, FIG. 3 shows "SPIDER" in the open position, figure 4 shows the stabilization mechanism on the waves in the context.

The complex consists of a transport and launch container (Fig. 1, pos. 1), divided into floating segments supported on the sea surface by external containers filled with gas (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 2, 3), while the main segment (figure 1, 2, 3, position 4) has a radar receiving-emitting device in the surface part (figure 1, 2, 3, position 5), in the underwater part there is a wave stabilization device (figure 1, 2, 3 , pos.6), and rocket segments (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 7) are connected to the main segment by articulated-rod mechanisms with one degree of freedom (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 8) in vertical linen plane. The complex contains systems that ensure its functioning:

1. The system of activation and ascent to the surface, consisting of:

- a standard electrical contact device (Fig. 1, item 9), compatible with an electric contact device of a torpedo tube, designed to initiate complex mechanisms in a launcher from a control panel (operator);

- a standard mechanical contact device (figure 1, pos. 10), designed to fix the moment the complex leaves the launcher and transmits a signal to the on-board computer;

- powder rocket accelerator (figure 1, item 11) with steering cars and rudders (figure 1, item 12), designed to translate the complex into a vertical position and accelerated ascent to the surface;

- external gas container of the main segment (Fig. 1, 2, 3, item 2), designed to give the complex positive buoyancy at the final section of the ascent, as well as to create confident buoyancy of the main segment of the complex on the surface. In the unopened position, gas containers are packed in external niches of the casing and covered with self-opening shields (Fig. 1, item 13);

- cylinder high pressure gas (high pressure gas) or gas generator (figure 1, item 14), designed to fill the external gas tank with gas;

- an on-board power source of the battery type (Fig. 1, item 15), designed to provide power to the systems and mechanisms of the complex;

- control unit (on-board computer with actuators) (Fig. 1, item 16), designed to control the interaction of systems and mechanisms of the complex according to a given program;

- block hydrostatic sensors (figure 1, pos.17), designed to transmit signals to the control unit to achieve a certain depth of ascent.

2. Deployment system, consisting of:

- pyro-bolts of the compartment, designed to separate the jet accelerator (Fig. 1, pos. 18) and rocket segments (Fig. 1, pos. 19) from the main segment of the container;

- articulated-rod mechanisms with one degree of freedom (Fig. 1, 2, 3, item 8), connecting missile segments with the main one. In the unopened position, the rods are recessed into the niches of the transport launch container body;

- external gas tanks of the rocket segments (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, item 3), designed to give stable buoyancy to the rocket segments;

- cylinders GVD or gas generators of the rocket segments (Fig.1, pos.20), designed to fill the gas external gas tanks of the rocket segments.

3. The system of stabilization and accounting of roll angles in waves, consisting of:

- retractable stabilization mechanism on waves “floating anchor” type (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, item 6), designed to reduce the swing of the complex on a wave, consisting of a pneumatic cylinder (Fig. 4, item 21), retractable in the lower position of the pneumatic rod (Fig. 4, item 22) with four blades reclining under the action of the spring mechanism (Fig. 4, item 23) of elastic waterproof material (Fig. 4, item 24), stretched over the yokes (Fig. 4, pos. 25), fixed in the tilted position by wire strings (Fig. 4, pos. 26);

- a unit for accounting roll angles (gyroscopic instruments of the main segment) located in the control unit (Fig. 1, item 27), designed to determine and transmit to the control unit the instantaneous roll values of the complex on a wave.

4. The system of search and localization of goals, consisting of:

- receiving-emitting device (PIE) (figure 1, 2, 3, item 5), designed to transmit and receive radar signals;

- electronic radar unit (figure 1, pos. 28), designed to generate radar pulses and process the received signals;

- logical device radar (computer radar), which is part of the electronic radar unit (figure 1, pos.29), designed to control the emission and reception of signals, as well as the classification of received signals according to specified criteria.

5. Target destruction system, consisting of:

- homing anti-aircraft missiles (figure 1, pos. 30), located in the missile segments (figures 1, 2, 3, pos. 7), designed to directly hit targets;

- power supply and control cables (Fig. 1, pos. 31), placed in hollow swivel-rod mechanisms connecting the main and rocket segments (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 8), designed to supply control signals to the rocket mechanisms segments and a jet accelerator.

6. Self-destruction system, consisting of:

- explosive charge with an electric detonator located in the main segment (Fig. 1, item 32), designed to undermine the equipment and the external gas tank of the main segment;

- charges of the explosive of anti-aircraft missiles located in the missile segments (Fig. 1, pos. 33), designed to undermine the SAM and external gas tanks of the missile segments;

- electronic command device of self-destruction (structurally included in the control unit) (Fig. 1, item 15), designed to send a command for self-destruction of the complex according to the specified criteria;

- atmospheric pressure hydrostat located in the lower part of the main segment (Fig. 1, item 34), designed to send a signal to the electronic self-destruction command device to remove the complex from the water (one of the signs of self-destruction).

Device operation

A method of ensuring combat stability of a submarine from anti-submarine aircraft attacks, which consists in hitting air objects by homing anti-aircraft missiles launched from a rocket transport and launch container in an underwater position fired from a submarine launcher in an underwater position, characterized by long duration and multi-channel combat action , while the systems and mechanisms of the complex autonomously carry out the following operations:

1. Surfacing to the surface under the influence of a jet accelerator and (or) positive buoyancy of an external gas tank.

2. Separation into segments, while maintaining power supply, control and a single coordinate system for all segments.

3. Giving the segments confident positive buoyancy due to their own external floating gas tanks;

4. Involvement of the mechanical stabilization system and the electronic system of sea waves.

5. The search for air (sea) targets by radiolocation of the air hemisphere.

6. The implementation of the classification of goals according to specified criteria.

7. The issuance of target designation data (flight paths) to homing anti-aircraft missiles.

8. Launch of anti-aircraft missiles.

9. Repeat paragraphs 5-9 if necessary.

10. Self-destruction of the complex for a given sign.

The submarine, located in an underwater position, detects the presence of anti-submarine aircraft in the area according to the characteristic signs of a sonar station. Moreover, the location of the targets is usually unknown. "SPIDER" is located in a torpedo tube filled with water (on duty). By order of application, the operator of the control panel of the torpedo tubes supplies power to the complex and a command to open the front cover of the TA. Power supply through a standard electric contact device (Fig. 1, pos. 9) is supplied to the on-board power supply (Fig. 1, pos. 15), initiating it, then to the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), where heating occurs and turning on the on-board computer to the roll angle meter (gyroscopic instruments of the main segment) located in the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), where the gyroscopes are accelerated and arrested, as well as through power and control cables (Fig. 1, pos. 31), placed in hollow hinged-rod mechanisms, the main and missile segments (Fig. 1, pos. 8), it is used to disperse and arrest gyroscopes of anti-aircraft missiles (Fig. 1, pos. 30) in the missile segments (Fig. 1, pos. 7). By the time the front cover TA is opened, the power supply of the complex mechanisms is transferred to the on-board power supply (Fig. 1, item 15). The SPIDER is ejected from the TA by the standard method (high pressure air or water), and the hard contact of the standard mechanical contact device (Fig. 1, pos. 10) with the torpedo tube track is lost, which is transmitted to the control unit (Fig. .1, pos. 16).

After the complex leaves the torpedo tube, the submarine maneuvers freely in accordance with the requirements of the guidelines. Next, there are two options for the ascent of the "Spider":

1. If the signal about the initial depth of the complex, received from the block of hydrostatic sensors (Fig. 1, pos. 17) to the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) is greater than the installed one, then the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives the command to start the engine of the jet accelerator (figure 1, item 11). Next, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), controlling the rudders of a jet accelerator (Fig. 1, pos. 12), guided by the signals of gyroscopes, puts the complex in a vertical position and controls the ascent process. After receiving a signal from the unit of hydrostatic sensors (Fig. 1, pos. 17) about reaching a predetermined depth, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives a command to detonate the pyro-bolts of the jet accelerator compartment (Fig. 1, pos. 18) and transfers steering wheels (figure 1, item 12) so as to sharply translate the trajectory of the complex into a horizontal plane. In this case, the jet accelerator is disconnected from the transport and launch container. After resetting the jet accelerator, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives a command to open the shut-off valve of the cylinder of the GVD (Fig. 2, pos. 14), from where the gas enters the external gas tank of the main segment (Figs. 1, 2, 3 , pos.2), while the internal pressure drops flaps (figure 1, pos.13) and the capacity is revealed. Ascent of the transport and launch container at the final section of the track is due to the positive buoyancy of the external gas tank of the main segment.

2. If the signal about the initial depth of the complex, received from the block of hydrostatic sensors (Fig. 1, pos. 17) in the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), is less than the installed one, then the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16 ) gives a command to detonate the pyro-bolts of the jet accelerator compartment (Fig. 1, pos. 18) without starting the jet engine. After resetting the jet accelerator, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives a command to open the shut-off valve of the cylinder of the GVD (Fig. 2, pos. 14), from where the gas enters the external gas tank of the main segment (Figs. 1, 2, 3 , pos.2), while the internal pressure drops flaps (figure 1, pos.13) and the capacity is revealed. Ascent of the launch container occurs due to the positive buoyancy of the external gas tank of the main segment.

When the surface is reached, the hydrostatic sensor unit (Fig. 1, pos. 17) sends a signal to the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives a command to detonate the pyro-bolts of the missile segment separation ( figure 1, pos.19), to open the locking valves of the cylinders GVD rocket segments (figure 1, pos.20) and supply gas to the external gas tanks of the rocket segments (figure 1, 2, 3, pos.3), and also the command for the locking valve of the cylinder of the high pressure water supply of the main segment and the gas supply to the pneumatic cylinder (figure 4 pos. 21) of the sliding stabilization mechanism on a wave (figure 1, 2, 3, 4, item 6).

Under gas pressure, the pneumatic rod (Fig. 4, item 22) extends, pushing the separated rocket segments (Fig. 1, 2, 3, item 7) and pulling the spring mechanism (Fig. 4, item 23) of the disclosure of the blades of the device. In the lowermost position, the pneumatic rod (Fig. 4, item 22) is fixed with latches, while the shafts are released (Fig. 4, item 25) and recline under the action of the spring mechanism until the wire strings are tensioned (Fig. 4, item 26). Four blades of waterproof elastic material (Fig. 4, item 24), stretched over yards and strings inside the pneumatic rod, straighten and create a floating anchor, which prevents the complex from swaying on a wave.

Missile segments (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 7), held by articulated-rod mechanisms (Figs. 1, 2, 3, pos. 8), are deployed under the influence of positive buoyancy of gas tanks and circulate to the surface above the surface.

Power supply for heating the equipment and initiating the electronic radar unit (Fig. 1, pos. 28) and the logical device of the radar (radar computer) (Fig. 1, pos. 29) is supplied simultaneously with the start of the ascent of the complex. After the disclosure of the stabilization mechanism (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, item 6) and the ascent of the rocket segments (Fig. 1, 2, 3, item 7) after a set time delay, designed to stabilize the complex on the surface, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) sends a command to the radar logic device (Fig. 1, pos. 29) at the beginning of the search for targets. The logical device of the radar (Fig. 1, pos. 29), according to a given program, controls the generation, emission and reception of signals generated by the equipment of the electronic radar unit (Fig. 1, pos. 28), emitted and received by the radar transceiver (Fig. 1, 2 , 3, item 5). The classification of targets is carried out in the logical device of the radar (Fig. 1, pos. 29) by comparing, according to a given program, the signs of received signals with embedded reference values. If the received signals are classified as a target of combat action, then its current coordinates are transmitted to the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16), where they are adjusted by the correction received from the roll angle meter (gyroscopic devices of the main segment) (Fig. 1, pos. 27). Next, the on-board computer of the control unit according to a predetermined program determines the flight path of the anti-aircraft missiles and transmits data to the inertial control system of the SAM. After that, the control unit (Fig. 1, pos. 16) gives a command to launch rockets. At the time of launch, the first rocket drops the plastic cover of the rocket segment, which prevents water ingress, rises vertically to a predetermined height, carries out a programmed turn to the combat course and scans the space of its own seeker during the flight. This sequence of operations is carried out relative to each of the targets classified as an object of attack. After the maximum missile flight time has elapsed, the complex again searches for and classifies targets, and, if any, detonates them again, until the ammunition is fully used up.

If the primary search did not detect targets that are classified as an object of attack, by the command of the logical device of the radar (Fig. 1, pos. 29), the electronic radar unit (Fig. 1, pos. 28) goes into passive mode, searching for signals from radio-emitting devices inherent in the objects of attack in the given frequency ranges. If such signals are detected, or after a predetermined time, the complex again enters the active search mode.

Self-destruction of the complex is carried out at the command of the electronic command device of self-destruction (structurally included in the control unit) (Fig. 1, item 15) by undermining the explosive charge with an electric detonator located in the main segment (Fig. 1, item 32), as well as charges explosive anti-aircraft missiles located in the missile segments (Fig.1, pos.33), according to the following signs:

- with the full use of ammunition missiles;

- when the energy reserves of the on-board power supply are used up by more than 90%;

- after a predetermined time of the complex, set in the timer of the control unit;

- by a signal from a atmospheric pressure hydrostat located in the lower part of the main segment (Fig. 1, item 34), during unauthorized removal of the complex from water.

Claims (2)

1. Anti-aircraft autonomous universal complex of self-defense of submarines, containing a reactive pop-up container with anti-aircraft missiles, made divided into floating main and missile segments with external tanks filled with gas to support them on the sea surface, while the main segment in its surface part has a radar receiving-emitting device, and in the underwater part - a device for stabilization on waves, rocket segments are connected to the main segment by articulated-rod mechanisms with one degree of freedom in the vertical plane, as well as an activation and ascent system to the surface, a deployment system, a stabilization and accounting system for roll angles on waves, a target search and localization system, a target destruction system and a self-destruction system. 2. The method of application of the anti-aircraft autonomous universal complex of self-defense of submarines, including the launch of homing anti-aircraft missiles, starting in the above-water position from the transport and launch container that floats to the surface after firing it from the launcher of the submarine in the underwater position, with the container floating on the surface is carried out under the influence of a jet accelerator and / or positive buoyancy of an external gas tank placed on the body of the cont of the container, after which the container is divided into segments while maintaining power supply, control, and a single coordinate system for all segments and provide them with positive buoyancy due to their own external gas tanks, they use a mechanical stabilization system and an electronic system of accounting for roll angles in waves, search for air or of naval targets by radiolocation of the air hemisphere and their classification according to specified criteria, give target designation data to homing anti-aircraft missiles and start their launch, and if necessary, repeat the above steps from the moment of searching for targets to launch missiles and carry out self-destruction of the complex on a given basis.

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