RU105422U1 - RECOGNITION-FIRE COMPLEX OF TANK WEAPONS - Google Patents

Abstract

 The reconnaissance and fire complex of the tank’s armament, which is the tank itself with the main armament and its fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, sighting and observation system, support and rotary platform with a drive for orienting it in horizontal and vertical planes mounted on the command tower, characterized in that the rotary support platform of the launcher for placing the container with rockets is placed behind the ba it as a module, allowing to carry launch rockets compressed air, and in the sighting and observation complex additionally administered rod-periscope and mikrobespilotnye aircraft with target detection devices, devices receiving and processing information and controlling its flight and operation.

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, specifically to objects of armored vehicles, and can be used in the development of new models or modernization of existing ones.

Tanks are known (see Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks. - Minsk: Harvest LLC, 1998), containing hulls and towers on which a cannon is mounted as the main weapon, and machine guns - directional and coaxial with the main armament, as well as an anti-aircraft machine gun. , which is usually located on a tower with the ability to fire a commander.

The anti-aircraft machine gun is installed as an additional weapon for combating helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles, since the gun has restrictions on declination and elevation.

The experience of using tanks shows that with an increase in the effectiveness of a tank on the battlefield, more and more diverse and quite effective and well-defended means of dealing with it (tanks, ATGMs, helicopters, airplanes, etc.) appear, but not in a single form. All of them are dangerous for the tank and can act independently and simultaneously. Therefore, machine guns mounted on the tank in the form of additional weapons, in modern conditions as additional weapons are not effective enough. In this regard, it is advisable and necessary to have additional weapons of increased efficiency on the tank compared to machine guns.

Famous is the American main battle tank M2A2 (Abrams), adopted for the prototype, comprising a hull, a turret mounted on the pursuit of the hull with the main armament (gun) placed in it, a fire control complex from it, a commander’s place located in a rotating commander’s turret, equipped with sighting -a supervisory complex, including a sight, and a sensor for mirror position in a vertical plane (see the book. IP Shmelev. History of the tank. - M .: Youth technique. - P.186-187, fig. p.190) for duplication the possibility of firing from the main wow armament. An anti-aircraft machine gun is installed on the tower of this tank with the ability to control the commander, instead of which a missile launcher may be installed in the future. However, if the control of firing from a machine gun is carried out directly by the commander, then the guidance and launch of missiles in the main (normal) mode of operation is carried out by the gunner using the main weapon control complex in the same way as was done on the Yugoslav infantry fighting vehicle of the M-80 type, where the fixed arm of the tower installed two guided missiles (ATGMs), aimed at the target by the gunner BMP (see. Kholyavsky GL Encyclopedia of armored vehicles. Tracked combat vehicles. - M .: Harvest LLC, 2001. - S.555-557). Thus, guidance on the target in the normal mode is carried out by the gunner with the possibility of both choosing the target and conducting selective shooting either from the cannon or missiles. At the same time, the commander can target the main tank-dangerous target that the gunner does not see, and in a special mode, for example, when the gunner is defeated, the commander can fire independently or from a cannon or guided missile.

The disadvantage of this is the lack of the ability to simultaneously conduct aimed fire at several tank-dangerous targets, for example from a gun, as a gunner, and missiles as a commander.

Known patent No. 22218543, IPC F41H 7/02, 2003. Its essence lies in the fact that on the turret of the tank mounted slewing platform with a drive for orienting it in the horizontal plane. On the rotating part of the platform there is a missile launcher connected to the platform by means of an articulated mechanism with a drive for orienting the missiles in a vertical plane. At the same time, a launcher fire control complex is integrated in parallel with the main weapon fire control system, providing it with the ability to conduct targeted fire from missiles from the commander’s place and automatically enter the aiming angle when firing. However, this development provides for the creation of a fundamentally new combat vehicle, which requires large material and financial costs.

To date, the armored vehicles of various countries of the world are equipped with jet tank flamethrowers. Their significant drawbacks are the small firing range and large sizes, so the immediate tasks to improve them are to increase the firing range and reduce by several times the dimensions and weight, that is, obtaining small-sized tank flamethrowers, simplifying the placement of elements of a tank flamethrower in harsh conditions of a closed internal tank volume ( Zheltov I.N., Pavlov A.S., Sergeev A.V. Unknown T-34. - M.: Exprint, 2001. - 167 p., Weapon of Victory. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1987. - 509 p. )

The closest to the principle of operation and technical device is patent No. 2399859, IPC F41H 7/02, F41H 9/02, 2010. Its essence lies in the fact that it provides for the installation and use of standard jet flamethrowers without changing the design of the tank. For this, the installation of jet flamethrowers is placed on top of the anti-aircraft installation platform in a special protective container, while an additional scale (grid) is introduced in the sight of the anti-aircraft machine gun for aiming, determining the distance to the target and firing with jet flamethrower weapons. The flamethrower installation as an additional weapon provides the possibility of aimed fire with jet flamethrowers in conjunction with or without an anti-aircraft machine gun, regardless of the position of the tower from the commander's position on well-protected targets located in different directions with the possibility of their destruction from both the main and flamethrower weapons of the tank.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of the ability to fire aimed at targets that are outside the line of sight, the vulnerability of the launcher located at the time of the shot on the tank turret, the lack of a surveillance, detection and aiming system at targets located at a distance exceeding the detection and aiming range standard tank devices, unmasking properties that occur at the time of the launch of rockets and flamethrowers.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to increase the firepower of the tank.

The technical result that can be obtained by using the proposed technical solution consists in the possibility of effective firing at distances exceeding the capabilities of standard instruments for detecting, observing and aiming the tank, reducing the unmasking properties during the launch of a rocket and a jet flamethrower.

The task is achieved by the fact that the reconnaissance and fire complex of the tank’s armament represents the tank itself with the main armament and its fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, an aiming and observation complex and a support and rotary platform with an orientation drive it in horizontal and vertical planes mounted on the command tower. In this case, the launcher slewing platform for placing the container with rockets is placed behind the tower in the form of a module that allows launching rockets with compressed air, and the periscope rod and micro-unmanned aerial vehicles (micro UAVs) with instruments target detection, devices for receiving and processing information, as well as controlling its flight and operation (see Fig. 1-4).

The proposed reconnaissance and fire complex of a tank’s armament (see Fig. 1-4) consists of a hull 1, a turret 2, containing as its main armament a cannon 3 with a machine gun coaxial with it, an anti-aircraft machine gun and as additional armament of a launcher 4 for launching a jet shells 5 located in containers 6 (Fig. 4).

The launcher 4 is fixed in the back of the tower 2, in the stowed position it is lowered. While the containers 6 with rockets 5 are in a closed state. Guiding the launcher vertically is from the pneumatic system associated with the shaft of the lifting device.

The fire control complex of the reconnaissance and fire complex (not shown in the figures) is additionally equipped with a micro UAV 7, monitoring and control devices 9, 11 located on a raised periscope rod 8, and information and control devices for receiving and processing located inside the tank.

A pressure air accumulator 10 is connected to the tank pneumatic system through a system of electrovalves with each rocket 5.

The launcher fire control complex is also equipped with a vertical guidance drive control unit. The role of the horizontal guidance of the launcher is performed by the rotation mechanism of the tank turret. The control unit for the vertical guidance drive is connected to the launcher control complex. The horizontal sensor of the tank turret is also connected to the launcher control complex.

Missiles 5 launcher 4 are placed in the module and are each in a separate container, allowing it to be ejected from it with compressed air from the tank, with the additional inclusion of the propellant retarder.

When the tank moves in a marching micro-UAV 7 are located on the launch pad and are rigidly fixed with clamps in the marching position. Missiles 5 are in containers behind the tower in the module in a position that ensures their transportation. In conditions where the use of additional weapons is necessary, in parallel with the main or separate from it, the tank commander switches on the launcher control complex and micro UAV control system 7. The latches release the micro UAV 7. Its engine starts and it moves in a given direction at a speed specified by the control system micro UAV located in the upper part of the periscope rod 8. The tank commander controls the operation of the micro UAV 7 (see Fig. 4). Observation devices and sensors installed on the micro UAV 7 scan the terrain and, upon detection of targets, transmit information either to the display or to an electronic map of the terrain. In this case, information about the targets coming from the micro UAV 7 is automatically entered into the data processing unit with a ballistic computer and through it into the guidance system of the installation and homing of rockets 5.

Upon receipt of information from the micro UAV 7, the container with rockets 5 is pointed horizontally and vertically towards the target, the data of the flight mission, as well as the number of rockets 5 for launch, their type (homing or self-aiming) are entered.

Missiles 5 are launched only if there are currently permission signals. To launch a missile 5, the commander includes a start button. In this case, the electric signal opens one or more electro-pneumatic valves for supplying air to the corresponding cavity of the rockets 5. Compressed air pushes the corresponding rocket 5 from the container 6. The operation of the pressure air accumulator 10 in this case is equivalent to the operation of the starting engine. At the time of the launch of the projectile 5 from the place, an electrical impulse is applied to activate the pyro-moderator of its propulsion engine, made in the form of a solid fuel rocket engine.

In flight, at a time determined by the characteristics of the pyro-moderator, a command is issued to the igniter of the main engine of the rocket projectile 5. This time is determined by the safe distance to the surface of the tank and its camouflage parameters. In Fig. 5, this trajectory point is indicated by the letter N. It corresponds to the beginning of the active portion of the flight path. In this section, the engine runs until the rocket fuel burns out and accelerates the projectile 5 to the required speed. In Fig. 5, this trajectory point is denoted by the letter K ₁ . It corresponds to the end of the active portion of the trajectory of the missile and its transition to the passive portion of the flight. Upon reaching the specified altitude and flight range (point K ₂ ), a command is issued to hit the target with homing or self-aiming combat elements (BE).

The combat element is thrown out of the missile shell, after which the BE fuse is cocked. At an altitude of 250-300 meters from the ground, a parachute system is triggered and opened by the self-aiming combat element, providing its reduction and scanning of the terrain with an angular speed of rotation of 6-8 rpm. The warhead is reduced by parachute at a speed of 110 m / s. When a combat element meets an obstacle, a fuse is triggered, which generates a detonation pulse for the detonator to fire, and then for the explosive charge.

When a homing BE with a homing head of infrared radiation enters the sector, it captures the target and detonates the explosive charge. Due to the cumulative effect of the charge, the armored target of the enemy is defeated.

If it is impossible to target the micro UAV with the monitoring and control devices 9 located on the periscope rod 8, the direction to the target is detected, the distance to it is measured, data are entered into the ballistic computer, the tower is oriented to the target in the horizontal position, and the vertical guidance drive is in the vertical position - at the required aiming angle, after which the rocket is launched.

An analysis of the technical solution showed that the installation of a module behind the tower, oriented in the horizontal plane by turning the tower, and in the vertical by the drive of the hinge mechanism, and placing the missile launcher in it in containers of a system that provides the release of missiles with compressed air at the time of launch, the use of micro UAVs, a periscope rod, an electronic card that provides the ability to hit targets outside of line of sight, reduces the vulnerability of the launcher, provides a detection system, observes eniya and aiming at targets located at distances exceeding the capabilities of standard detection systems, observing and sighting tank reduces telltale properties missile launch from the launcher.

Placing a launcher with rockets as an additional highly effective weapon with the possibility of aimed fire outside the direct line of sight of the target from the commander’s position at distances exceeding the range of detection, observation and guidance of standard tank instruments with the introduction of target coordinates into the homing system before launch ensures independence of the main and additional armament and increases the accuracy of guidance of rockets when firing at distances exceeding capabilities s conduct aimed fire conventional tank weapons, out of sight.

For the proposed design of the reconnaissance and fire complex weapons of the tank are characteristic:

- communication of the launcher fire control complex via the information exchange bus with the commander’s sighting and observation system, micro UAV control system, data processing unit with a ballistic computer, electronic map, vertical position of the launcher, and reflection on the readiness to launch the missile from launcher;

- the possibility of detecting, observing and guiding missiles at a target outside the line of sight to a range exceeding the ability of standard monitoring and guidance weapons of the tank;

- horizontal guidance is carried out simultaneously with the rotation of the tower and coincides with the direction of the tank gun;

- ejection of a rocket with compressed air and preliminary introduction of the coordinates of the targets before launching into the homing system of missiles allows you to abandon the installation of a support-rotary platform on the tank tower, which increases the security of the tank and simplifies the design;

- placement of rockets in the module and in containers from the back of the tower in the initial position at a minimum angle to the horizontal plane provides their better security.

It is known that the combat battle control network consists of five major segments: remote reconnaissance systems, communication systems, data processing systems, troop and weapon control systems, and combat operations support systems. Each of these five segments, in turn, consists of smaller components that are combined into one large network system, one of the tasks of which is: “... Collection and processing of information and data about their troops and enemy troops, which allows using new information technologies to extract relevant information from the general information obtained for various places of the combat zone and send it to where it is needed ”(V. Baranyuk. Main directions of creating a single information space of the RF Armed Forces // Military Thought. - 2004. - No. 8. - S.29-34).

The installation of a reconnaissance-fire complex on an armored object will expand the possibilities of obtaining relevant information about the dynamics of an operation or battle in real time and will help to increase the ability to coordinate the combat control network vertically and horizontally. The armored object as a result of the installation of the reconnaissance and fire complex will include elements of analogues of all segments of the combat network. For example, as a remote reconnaissance system — micro UAVs, data processing systems — on-board computers, weapon control systems — an armored object’s fire control system, combat support systems — aerosol masking devices, etc. This approach allows us to consider an armored object not only as a “combat platform”, “weapon” or “shooter” as part of a combat network, but much more broadly, giving it the function of an “information cell” for obtaining relevant information in the structure of a local combat network (see Fig. 6).

Therefore, in future wars, the tank should be considered, not only as a traditional type of weapon, but also as a combat unit of the information system. The information cell of the local combat network will consist of means of obtaining information located on an armored object and means of obtaining information placed on micro UAVs, which are combined into one information system. The task of this system includes the following tasks: search, collection, primary processing and transmission of information. The information received can be used in the interests of the armored object itself or transmitted through vertical and horizontal information channels to the extent necessary for the performance of a combat mission. When using the information received by the micro-UAV, in the interests of the reconnaissance and fire complex of the armored object, it is possible in the future to enter it into the information and data processing unit of the reconnaissance and fire complex of higher objects and decide on the use of weapons, bypassing the crew. This will make it possible to use new information technologies in the future to ensure the operation of the reconnaissance and fire complex in automatic mode.

As regards the possibility of attacking several targets, the following should be noted - equipping the tank with a reconnaissance and fire complex will not only significantly increase combat effectiveness, but will also change its tactics. Firstly, the use of reconnaissance-fire complex will allow for the "horizontal" detection and defeat of single and group targets. Secondly, when some of the targets are at a distance that allows firing with conventional weapons, the reconnaissance and fire complex will allow for the defeat in a comprehensive manner at different distances, and in the long term in different directions. This hierarchical control network provides the planning and control of the performance of combat missions, providing tactical links and objects (numbering at least 200 subscribers), addresses, access codes and information exchange protocols associated with the identification system of "friend or foe", necessary units and defense equipment additional reconnaissance and navigation information on the implementation of assigned combat missions and the use of precision weapons.

The exchange of information on the network is minimized in volume between the interacting units for fulfilling the assigned tasks and is limited by the necessary amount of selective control, by setting additional tasks in its hierarchical vertical.

The main element of a fractal navigation network is an integrated inertial core in modules of various purposes and accuracy, combining satellite, inertial and other available navigation data in the correction of accumulated errors and providing autonomous navigation for up to one hour while maintaining the specified accuracy in the absence of the possibility of its correction in the needs of intelligence and guidance of precision weapons. The necessary topographic and geodetic coordinates in the network are formed during the interaction of these modules (different in accuracy) from the available space, air, ground components, on-board navigation systems and other coordinate sensors.

Thus, the proposed complex will allow for the collection and exchange of information from micro-UAVs with tanks of a subordinate unit, the processing of information and its transfer by hierarchical subordination to an automated troop control system.

Advantages of the technical solution:

- missile launcher located at the rear of the tower;

- the presence of the module in which the launcher is located, behind the tower allows you to rotate the launcher in a horizontal plane;

- the presence of a device that allows you to raise and lower the launcher for missiles in a vertical plane;

- the launch system provides for the launch of missiles from a source of compressed air;

- the use of missile launchers with homing heads or with laser illumination as weapons, hitting a target in the upper hemisphere;

- use in the fire control system of an armored vehicle micro UAV with target detection systems in the visible, infrared and radar ranges of an electromagnetic pulse;

- use of an electronic map in the fire control system of the armored object, which displays information from micro-UAVs or from the adjacent information systems of neighboring armored objects, or from other associated information systems through various information channels.

- the use in the fire control system of a tank of observation devices placed on a periscope rod, on the front of the turret and in the inhabited compartment of an armored object.

Claims (1)

The reconnaissance and fire complex of the tank’s armament, which is the tank itself with the main armament and its fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, sighting and observation system, support and rotary platform with a drive for orienting it in horizontal and vertical planes mounted on the command tower, characterized in that the rotary support platform of the launcher for placing the container with rockets is placed behind the ba it as a module, allowing to carry launch rockets compressed air, and in the sighting and observation complex additionally administered rod-periscope and mikrobespilotnye aircraft with target detection devices, devices receiving and processing information and controlling its flight and operation.