RU2640598C1 - Underwater complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: underwater complex comprises a head part in which an autonomous self-guidance system is placed, an explosive charge, a contact and non-contact fuses, and a control system. In the middle part there are an energy source and an engine. The tail part accommodates a propeller, servo unit drives, and an external empennage with rudders. In the head part it is proposed to accommodate small-sized drifting and self-propelled means of hydro acoustic suppression and simulation, devices making torpedo or anti-torpedo of the enemy ineffective, devices for their storage, devices for start control, a control system of the underwater complex to be additionally equipped with a unit for recognition of operating detection means, hydro-acoustic suppression and anti-torpedo protection and calculation of the manoeuvre to overcome hydro-acoustic suppression and anti-torpedo protection. The small-sized drifting and self-propelled devices of hydro-acoustic suppression and simulation are designed for direct action on receiving hydro acoustic antennas of shipboard surveillance facilities and systems for detecting the anti-torpedo of the enemy, distortion of signals reflected from the underwater complex and creation of obstacles for determination of its true location, their distraction to false directions.

EFFECT: proposed underwater complex operates autonomously or under remote control, during the attack detected on a given route of the sea target it is capable to detect the operating observation means of the enemy, hydro-acoustic suppression and anti-torpedo protection means used by him, and to successfully overcome them, combine the manoeuvre and the use of internal counteraction means.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of marine engineering and can be used to search for marine objects and the physical impact on them.

It is known that for the search for marine objects using various measuring devices based on the registration in the aquatic environment of objects and their inherent physical fields. Due to the peculiarities of the distribution of various types of energy in water, the most widely used sonar search tools are based on the laws of sound propagation in water.

In 1881, a Russian officer S.O. Makarov invented the fluctometer - the first sonar device that measures the speed of a stream and has a sonar communication channel. He is also considered the inventor of the first hydrophone for receiving hydroacoustic signals created by the traveling noise of high-speed mine boats, which in 1904, Admiral S.O. Makarov proposed to install on the side fences and landing stages at the entrance to naval bases for preliminary warning of an attack by enemy light forces [1 - I. Korzh. The origin and development of domestic sonar resistance and suppression. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology. S.I. Vavilova RAS. St. Petersburg: 2010. http://www.dissercat.com/content/zarozhdenie-i-razvitie-otechestvennogo-gidroakusticheskogo-protivodeistviva-i-podavleniya].

By the beginning of World War II, about 200 surface ships (NK) of various classes in the UK and more than 60 destroyers in the United States were armed with sonar. The American Sonar sonar and the British Asdick sonar had a detection range of submarines of up to 2 km. Submarines were equipped mainly with noise-finding stations and could detect large NK and ships at distances of up to 10 ... 20 km [1 - I. Korzh. The origin and development of domestic sonar resistance and suppression. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology. S.I. Vavilova RAS. St. Petersburg: 2010. http://www.dissercat.com/content/zarozhdenie-i-razvitie-otechestvennogo-gidroakusticheskogo-protivodeistviva-i-podavleniya].

Subsequently, sonar and sound direction finders were combined into one device, called the sonar station. With the help of GAS, search, detection, classification and determination of the coordinates of sea targets, as well as the issuance of the necessary data to marine underwater weapon control devices, are performed. GAS are divided according to the principle of operation into active or sonar stations (SFS) and passive noise-finding stations (ShPS), at the place of installation - into aviation, autonomous, ship, stationary, according to purpose - at the station for classifying targets, mine detection, interference, reconnaissance and communication [ 2 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989. S. 102]. The detection range of underwater objects by modern gas stations can reach 100 km or more [3 - Encyclopedia of the future admiral. About the fleet and ships. SPb .: LLC Polygon Publishing House, 2003].

To search for marine objects in the aquatic environment in the fleets, various underwater vehicles are used, designed not only for search, but also for physical impact on marine objects, such as torpedoes, mines, uninhabited underwater vehicles equipped with a GAS [4 - V. Surnin. , Pelevin Yu.N., Chulkov V.L. Antisubmarine assets of foreign fleets. - M.: Military Publishing, 1991], [5 - Autonomous underwater vehicles. Materials of the site of the Institute of Marine Technology Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002].

In order to generalize the concept of such means, hereinafter, underwater vehicles (PA) are understood as self-propelled displacement devices that operate in water and are designed to search for specified marine objects and physical impact on them.

In the general case, the known PAs have a streamlined cylindrical or other body, means of movement and energy supply, sonar and television means for searching for underwater objects, navigation equipment, communication equipment, a payload compartment, and control devices. To transmit information about the detected underwater objects to the control point, the PAs will be equipped with communication equipment with a sonar or radio channel [6 - Sidenko KS, Illarionov G.Yu. Submarine and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle // MRE, No. 2, 2008].

The closest analogue of the proposed PA is a torpedo, which is a self-propelled, self-or remote-controlled underwater projectile carrying a warhead and designed to destroy ships and ships, as well as the destruction of hydraulic structures located near the water edge. Structurally, the torpedo consists of a head part, which contains the explosive charge, fuses (contact and non-contact), control system equipment. In the middle part of the torpedo there is an energy source and an engine, and in the rear part there is a mover, steering gear drives and an external tail unit with rudders. A homing torpedo has an autonomous homing system that detects a target, determines its position relative to the longitudinal axis of the torpedo, generates the necessary commands for the control system [7 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. - M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 431].

Based on the purpose of the torpedoes, the defending side organizes anti-torpedo defense (PTZ), which is a complex of various technical means and actions that reduce the threat of damage to ships and port facilities by torpedo weapons, to prevent them from defeating their forces (NK, ships, submarines and hydraulic structures). PTZ is provided with constructive protection of the ship, the ship’s fence (at the parking lot), floating dock, hydraulic structures with anti-torpedo nets, the use of special towed or self-propelled object guards against homing torpedoes and other measures [8 - Naval Dictionary for the Young. T. 2 (Letters NY) / Under the general. ed. P.A. Grischuk. - M .: DOSAAF, 1987 .-- 320 p., Ill. S. 108-109].

In order to mislead the enemy regarding the position and action of their forces or to hinder the use of weapons against them, various simulation tools are used, which are devices and devices that form physical fields that are identical to real objects, which simulate the movement of objects in space. One of the types of marine simulators that are often used is a submarine simulator, which creates physical fields in the aquatic environment that are characteristic of submarines. It can be self-propelled and drifting. A self-propelled submarine simulator has an engine, equipment and controls that allow it to maneuver according to a given program [9 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 159].

Hydroacoustic suppression (GPA) devices, which are divided into active and passive, and by design, self-propelled, are used to create interference with naval means of underwater surveillance and ASG of torpedoes, reduce the efficiency of torpedoes from missiles, ships and submarines to false directions in fleets drifting and ship. Active types include various types of simulators that provide signals from sonar equipment, reproducing and emitting them into the medium at frequencies corresponding to the relative dynamics of the “observer and target,” and with much greater power than perceived. Passive ones include various types of anti-sonar coatings and gas-generating devices that scatter the incident signal energy and thereby create false targets [10 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 405].

As an active means of the anti-terrorist operation NK and PL, devices are used to incapacitate an enemy torpedo. To this end, anti-torpedoes having a device similar to a torpedo and having a smaller size are used in the fleets of leading sea powers. [11 - K.V. Drobot, S.F. Sorokin. Complex active anti-torpedo protection of surface ships // Marine Radioelectronics, No. 2 (5), 2003. S. 28-29]. So, the famous American anti-torpedo Mk46 mod. 7 was developed for the active anti-aircraft carrier of aircraft carriers and other large NKs in 1992 [12 - V. Barkov, V. Klimov The development of US torpedo weapons (information review). SPb .: JSC “Concern“ Marine underwater weapons - Hydropribor ”, 2009. - 44 p. S. 26]. Modern minitorpedas are so small that they do not require much space for their placement, such as the Italian A-200 whitehead minitorpeda, which has a length of 883 mm, a caliber of 124 mm and a mass of 11 kg [13 - B.A. Koptev, A.L. Gusev. Development Trends of Foreign Torpedo Weapons // Marine Radioelectronics, No. 3, 2006. P. 58-63]. This circumstance allows you to place the minitorpedas in the required quantity even on small media and use them as an effective anti-torpedo agent.

Another type of device for disabling enemy torpedoes can be small-sized means of defeating them, moving in water at transonic and supersonic speeds — inertial supersavitating shells (projectiles) [14 - A.N. Ishchenko et al. Investigation of the movement of super-cavitating projectiles in water and their interaction with underwater barriers / Marine underwater weapons. Development prospects. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. SPb .: Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Krylov State Scientific Center”, 2015. 125 pp., Ill. S. 16-20].

All this confirms that the use of underwater vehicles to destroy modern naval targets (NK and PL) is accompanied by active opposition on their part and greatly complicates the solution of this problem. The vulnerability of underwater vehicles from PTZ is their significant drawback.

The aim of the invention is the development of an underwater vehicle, operating autonomously or remotely controlled, which would be capable of attacking a sea target discovered by it on a given route, overcoming the GPA and PTZ means it uses.

To achieve the objective of the invention, a comprehensive underwater vehicle is proposed, consisting of a warhead, which houses an autonomous homing system, explosive charge, contact and non-contact fuses, a control system, an energy source and an engine are located in the middle, a propeller, steering drives are located in the rear machines and external plumage with rudders, in addition to the head part it is proposed to place small-sized drifting and self-propelled means of hydroacoustic suppression and them tation and output devices or torpedo antitorpedy opponent fails, the device for storage and start control appliances underwater vehicle control system is further equipped with working tools detection unit detecting, suppressing and torpedo sonar protection and maneuver calculation to overcome the turn torpedo sonar suppression and protection. Small-sized drifting and self-propelled means of GPA and simulation are designed to directly affect the receiving hydroacoustic antennas of shipborne surveillance systems and enemy anti-torpedo detection systems, distorting reflected signals from the underwater vehicle and creating obstacles to determine its true location, diverting them to false directions.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1. presents a general view of the integrated underwater vehicle. The integrated underwater vehicle (Fig. 1) consists of: 1 - the head part, 2 - the middle part, 3 - the tail part of the underwater vehicle, 4 - autonomous homing system, 5 - explosive charge, 6 - contact fuse, 7 - non-contact fuse, 8 - control system, 9 - energy source, 10 - engine, 11 - mover, 12 - steering gear drives, 13 - external tail unit with rudders, 14 - small-sized drifting means GPA, 15 - self-propelled means of GPA and simulation, 16 - torpedo output devices or enemy anti-torpedoes, 17 - slave recognition unit melting detecting means and GPA PTZ and calculating the maneuver for overcoming boundary GPA and PTZ.

The device operates as follows.

In block (17) of the autonomous homing system (4), the PA constantly analyzes the surrounding acoustic field. When approaching the target and detecting the operation of the GPA, transferring the underwater surveillance of the target to the torpedo search mode, and also if it detects torpedoes or anti-torpedoes, block (17) calculates the PA maneuver to overcome the GPA and PTZ boundary. At the same time, the PA produces small-sized drifting means of the GPA (14) and self-propelled means of the GPA and simulation (15), with the help of which it interferes with the working means of underwater surveillance of the target and the SSN anti-torpedoes, blocking them and diverting them to false directions. In the case of approaching a torpedo or anti-torpedo launched by a target, devices (16) are released to meet it with the PA to effect physical impact and disable the torpedo (anti-torpedoes).

Thus, the proposed underwater vehicle is complex, operating autonomously or remotely controlled, when attacking a sea target detected on a given route, it is able to detect the operation of its surveillance means, GPA and PTZ, successfully overcome them using maneuver and airborne GPA and torpedo failure devices and anti-torpedo of the enemy.

Claims (1)

Integrated underwater vehicle, consisting of a warhead, which contains an autonomous homing system, explosive charge, contact and non-contact fuses, a control system, an energy source and an engine in the middle, a propulsion unit, steering gear drives and an outer tail with rudders, characterized in that in addition to the head part there are small-sized drifting and self-propelled means of hydroacoustic suppression and simulation and torpedo output devices and enemy anti-torpedoes, storage devices and launch control devices, the underwater vehicle control system additionally has a unit for recognizing working means of detection, sonar suppression and anti-torpedo protection and calculating maneuvers to overcome the line of sonar suppression and anti-torpedo protection.

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