RU2648546C1 - Underwater situation lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to search for underwater objects and observe the underwater environment. An underwater situation lighting system (USLS) consists of a control post - a surface ship and/or a coastal station, an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), a channel of control and communication of the control post with the UUV with receive/transmit devices of submarine sound communication subsystem and a control channel of underwater object by UUV hydrolocator. The USLS composition also comprises a reactive radiosonic buoy (RRSB) and/or a reactive cipher charge (RCC), and/or a reactive underwater situation lighting system (RUSLS), the control channel of UUV and underwater object by RRSB and/or RUSLS, the channel of control and communication of the control post with the UUV through RRSB, and/or RUSLS, and/or RCC. A listening sonar is additionally mounted on the UUV in the control channel of the underwater object and an acoustic modem and a device for decoding the signals of the cipher charge are placed in the submarine sound communication subsystem. A launcher for storage and activation of UVV, a launcher for storage and activation of RRSB and/or RUSLS, a computational and signal devices are mounted on the control post, an acoustic modem is placed in the submarine sound communication subsystem.

EFFECT: accuracy of location of unmanned underwater vehicle when systems of satellite and hydroacoustic navigation do not function in the search area, required time for observing detected underwater object when it is trying to avoid observation.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of marine engineering and can be used to search for underwater objects and monitor the underwater environment.

It is known that to monitor the underwater environment in the fleets of the world, various measuring devices are used, based on the registration of objects and their physical fields in the aquatic environment. Due to the nature of the distribution of various types of energy in water, the most widely used are hydroacoustic observation devices based on the laws of sound propagation in water.

In 1881, a Russian officer S.O. Makarov invented the fluctometer - the first sonar device that measures the speed of a stream and has a sonar communication channel. He is also considered the inventor of the first hydrophone for receiving hydroacoustic signals created by the traveling noise of high-speed mine boats, which in 1904, Admiral S.O. Makarov proposed to install on the side fences and landing stages at the entrance to naval bases for preliminary warning of an attack by enemy light forces [1 - I. Korzh. The origin and development of domestic sonar resistance and suppression. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology. S.I. Vavilova RAS. St. Petersburg: 2010. http://www.dissercat.com/content/zarozhdenie-i-razvitie-otechestvennogo-gidroakusticheskogo-protivodeistviva-i-podavleniva].

By the beginning of World War II, about 200 surface ships of various classes in the UK and more than 60 destroyers in the United States were armed with sonar. The US Sonar sonar and the British Asdick sonar had a submarine detection range of up to 2 km. Submarines were equipped mainly with direction finding stations and could detect large surface ships and vessels at distances of up to 10 ... 20 km [1 - I. Korzh. The origin and development of domestic sonar resistance and suppression. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology. S.I. Vavilova RAS. St. Petersburg: 2010. http://www.dissercat.com/content/zarozhdenie-i-razvitie-otechestvennogo-gidroakusticheskogo-protivodeistviya-i-podavleniva].

Subsequently, sonar and sound direction finders were combined into one device, called the sonar station. With the help of GAS, search, detection, classification and determination of the coordinates of sea targets, as well as the issuance of the necessary data to marine underwater weapon control devices, are performed. GAS are divided according to the principle of operation into active or sonar stations (SFS) and passive noise-finding stations (ShPS), at the place of installation - into aviation, autonomous, ship, stationary, according to purpose - at the station for classifying targets, mine detection, interference, reconnaissance and communication [ 2 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989]. The detection range of underwater objects by modern gas stations can reach 100 km or more [3 - Encyclopedia of the future admiral. About the fleet and ships. SPb .: LLC Polygon Publishing House, 2003].

For monitoring the underwater environment in the fleets, other technical devices are also used: aircraft radio-acoustic buoys (RSL), stationary sonar systems (SAS) [4 - Surnin VV, Pelevin Yu.N., Chulkov VL Antisubmarine assets of foreign fleets. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1991], uninhabited underwater vehicles (NPA) equipped with GLS [5 - Autonomous underwater vehicles. Materials of the site of the Institute of Marine Technology Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002].

NPA began to develop in the late 1960s. In the USSR, the first to find use were the autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) Skat (1974) and Skat-geo (1978), developed for oceanological research and marine exploration [5 - Autonomous underwater vehicles. Materials of the site of the Institute of Marine Technology Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002]. Now this direction of development of marine equipment in the leading maritime powers is a priority and provides for the creation and use of autonomous and remotely controlled anti-aircraft guns from surface ships and submarines [6 - I. Belousov. Modern and perspective uninhabited underwater vehicles of the US Navy // Foreign Military Review No. 5, 2013. S. 79-88].

Since 1996, the US Navy has been implementing a program for the development of a new generation of APSA “Manta”, designed to detect and destroy submarines, mines and other submarine targets, as well as conduct reconnaissance, solving supporting and special tasks [7 - Sidenko KS, Illarionov G.Yu. Submarine and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle // MRE, No. 2, 2008].

Airborne on-board search equipment includes front-side and side-scan OTC, a digital video camera, sensors for measuring sea water parameters (temperature and electrical conductivity). The data obtained are recorded on a hard magnetic drive for subsequent analysis of the results after lifting the NPA on board the carrier. To ensure two-way communication between the control point and the LA in a positional position, satellite navigation and sound-under-air communication (ZPS) systems are used. For the use of NPA and its management, modules in the dimensions of sea transport containers, a hoisting device, a replaceable set of batteries and an automated workstation (AWP) of the operator are installed on the carrier. The operator’s workstation is equipped with a personal portable computer and is designed to plan operations, enter data, and display on a color-coded display information about the shape and size of the sonar image of the object [6 - I. Belousov. Modern and perspective uninhabited underwater vehicles of the US Navy // Foreign Military Review No. 5, 2013. S. 79-88].

Since 2004, the US Navy has been operating a master plan for the development of autonomous airborne standards and their conditional classification, according to which airplanes are divided into light or portable, small, medium and large (see table. 1) [6 - I. Belousov. Modern and perspective uninhabited underwater US Navy apparatuses // Foreign Military Review No. 5, 2013. P. 79-88].

NPA have a streamlined cylindrical or other body, means of movement and energy supply, sonar and television means of searching for underwater objects, navigation equipment, communications, a payload compartment, control devices. To transmit information on the detected underwater objects to the control point, the NPA is equipped with communication equipment with a sonar or radio channel. The accuracy of determining the coordinates of detected NPA objects depends on the errors of its navigation system, to reduce which, especially with long battery life, the NPA is equipped with a satellite navigation system. The frequency of the session to clarify the location of the regulatory acts depends on the required accuracy of navigation and the characteristics of the existing navigation system [7 - Sidenko KS, Illarionov G.Yu. Submarine and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle // MRE, No. 2, 2008].

Currently, the United States Navy has autonomous non-volatile variable-buoyancy systems (gliding and drifting) - gliders that have autonomy for several months and have low sonar signature. They are equipped with on-board measuring and information systems that periodically transmit measurement data via control and communication channels to a system of anchor bottom stations (sonar channel) or to an artificial Earth satellite during periodic ascent (radio channel). Such NLAs may find application for covert collection of hydrological and other information. NPA control is carried out according to the on-board processor program using a magnetic compass, a reader, a depth gauge, a krenometer and a trimometer. Every 2-3 hours, the NPA ascends to a positional position for exchanging data with the control center using the Iridium satellite communications system equipment, as well as to determine the location according to the Navstar space radio navigation system, the antenna devices of which are mounted on a vertical stabilizer [6 - I. Belousov. Modern and perspective uninhabited underwater vehicles of the US Navy // Foreign Military Review No. 5, 2013. P. 79-88].

For the remote control of underwater vehicles and other underwater objects using an acoustic modem [8 - Acoustic modem AM-300. http://www.diveservice.ru/] or a reactive cipher charge [9 - Patent RU 2510355 C2. Reactive cipher charge (options) / Novikov A.V., Tsapko S.A. - M .: FIPS, 2014. Bull. No. 9].

It is known that many elements that are in regular relationships and relationships with each other, forming a certain integrity, unity and subordination to a certain organizing attribute, represent a system, and in combination with the methods and rules for their use - a mixed system [2 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989].

The technical devices discussed above (GAS, RSL and NPA) are constituent elements of the mobile and stationary underwater lighting systems (SOPO) being created. The operating time of FOSS can be from several hours to several days for the period it performs search tasks (carriers with ASE, RSL), and also reach several months and even years (NPA with great autonomy and SSAS).

With prolonged operation of the AUV, the accuracy of its on-board navigation equipment gradually decreases. In order to increase it, the AUVs are additionally equipped with a satellite navigation system [7 - Sidenko KS, Illarionov G.Yu. Submarine and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle // MRE, No. 2, 2008 - the closest technical solution] or sonar navigation system (GNS) [10 - Matvienko Yu.V. Hydroacoustic navigation complex underwater robot. The dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. - Vladivostok, 2004. http://www.dissercat.com/content/gidroakusticheskii-kompleks-navigatsii-podvodnogo-robota#ixzz2fPt3Bsov]. A disadvantage of the known system is the need for periodic updating of the geographical coordinates of the AUV with the use of space or sonar navigation systems, which arises due to the gradually decreasing accuracy of positioning its position onboard AUV control system. It is known that the operation of GPS or GLONASS satellite navigation channels during the threatened period may be disrupted, and the operation of the STS requires additional installation of hydroacoustic lighthouses and other objects in the area of the AUV for geographic location. In this regard, ensuring the required accuracy of the AUVA onboard navigation system remains an urgent task.

As another drawback of FOSS with the AUV, its insufficient capabilities for tracking high-speed underwater objects and objects that are trying to hide from observation are noted. Therefore, the use of AUVs in such FOSS is effective only for the search for sedentary objects.

Known FOSS, which include sonar buoys placed on a rocket. This is a radio sonar buoy jet (RSLR) [11 - Patent RU 2400392 C1. Jet radio acoustic buoy device / Novikov A.V., Nikitchenko N.P., Dolbilin R.V., Nikitchenko S.N. - M: FIPS, 2010. Bull. No. 27] or a reactive underwater lighting system (RSOPO), which is a missile with RSL placed on it and an explosive sound source (VIZ) [12 - Patent RU 2510353 C2. Reactive underwater lighting system / Forostyaniy A.A., Novikov A.V. - M .: FIPS, 2014. Bull. No. 9]. On the surface ship in the calculating-decisive device, the trajectory of the RSLR or RSOPO is calculated and, using firing control devices, the flight task is introduced into the RSLR or RSOPO, the launcher is guided and the RSLR or RSOPO is fired at the calculated point. After a shot and fuel combustion, the rocket engine is separated from the rocket body. A waterlogged warhead with RSL is immersed to a predetermined depth, hydrophones are brought into working position, and they begin to examine the underwater environment. The drawback of FOSS data is the need to know primary information about the underwater object or its possible location, otherwise the use of the RSLR and the RSOPO, as well as the aircraft RSL, will be ineffective. In the case of the primary detection of the desired underwater object, the use of the RSLR and RSOPO in SOPO allows tracking the movement in space of high-speed underwater objects.

The aim of the invention is the development of a lighting system for underwater environments, which will provide the required accuracy of positioning of the AUV on the search path for underwater objects in a given area, regardless of the functioning of satellite and sonar navigation systems, as well as monitoring fast and maneuvering underwater objects.

The technical result of the invention is the development of a lighting system for the underwater environment, which, in the absence of satellite and sonar navigation systems, provides for a specified time the specified accuracy of the AUV route when it searches for underwater objects in the survey area, and hence the accuracy of the coordinates of detected objects, and also eliminates the possible separation of the detected underwater object from observation. Such SOPO realizes the specified goal and the known method of lighting the underwater environment using AUV [13 - Patent RU 2578807 C2. A method of lighting underwater conditions / Novikov A.V., Korneev G.N., Korolev V.E. - M.: FIPS, 2016. Bull. No. 9].

An underwater lighting system (FOSS) is proposed, consisting of a control point — a surface ship and / or a coastal post, an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle (AUV), a control and communication channel of the control unit with AUA with transceivers of the sound subsystem, an underwater control channel facility by sonar AUV. Additionally, the composition of the FOSS includes a radioactive sonar buoy reactive (RSBR), and / or a reactive cipher charge (RShZ), and / or a reactive lighting system for underwater conditions (RSOPO), an AUV control channel and an underwater object through the RBD and / or RSOPO, a control channel and the control unit communicates with the AUV through RSLR, and / or RSOPO, and / or RShZ, the AUV are additionally installed in the control channel of the underwater object a noise finder and in the subsystem of sound supply communication an acoustic modem and an encryption signal decryption device, and set point control launcher for storage and launching AUV, launcher for storage and launching RGBR and / or RSOPO, the computing and signaling devices, sonar communication subsystem acoustic modem.

The launcher is designed to store AUV, RSLR and / or RSOPO at a command post, prepare them for launch and launch in the search area for underwater objects.

The computing device is used to calculate the coordinates of the AUV moving in a given area according to the program for searching for underwater objects installed in its on-board control system. Using a computing device, the moment is determined when, under conditions of non-functioning satellite and sonar navigation systems, the accuracy of the AUVA navigation system decreases to a critical or predetermined level. In this case, using the computing device, the trajectory of the RSLR is calculated for firing at the AUVA area of operation and the geographical location of the AUVA is determined by the known coordinates of the splashdown point of the AUVR and the relative location of the AUVU from it, whose direction finder records the fact of the state of the AUVR. In the computing device, the coordinates of the underwater object detected by the AUV, the parameters of its movement are calculated, tying them to the known coordinates of the RBR. If necessary, calculate the parameters of the barrier of the RSLR or RSOPO, as well as the maneuver of the AUV to move to a new point to re-search the underwater object [13 - Patent RU 2578807 C2. A method of lighting underwater conditions / Novikov A.V., Korneev G.N., Korolev V.E. - M.: FIPS, 2016. Bull. No. 9].

The RSLR and RSOPO are designed to monitor the underwater environment in an area limited by their range, as well as to transmit information and control signals via radio and sound underwater communication between the control center and AUV.

RShZ serves to transmit AUV, remote from the control point, acoustic control signals perceived by its noise finder and signal decoding device.

The VIZ, which is part of the RSOPO, is intended for emitting a powerful pulse of acoustic energy and irradiating surrounding objects with it for the subsequent reception of reflected signals by the AUV noise detector and the detection of underwater objects.

The ANPA noise finder is used to conduct a covert search for underwater objects and to detect splashed RSLR or RSL.

An acoustic modem is used to quickly transfer a large amount of information through the sound-under-air communication channel between the control center, AUV, RSLR and RSOPO.

The signal device warns the operator of the control unit of the AUV with a sound and / or light signal about important events in the operation of FOSS: detection of an underwater object, lowering the required accuracy of positioning of the onboard navigation system of the AUV, as well as loss of contact with the underwater object.

The technical implementation of the proposed underwater lighting system and the interaction of its elements with each other are illustrated by drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 - scheme of the existing FOSS with AUV;

FIG. 2 - scheme of the proposed FOSS with AUV.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the work of FOSS with AUV, which is a prototype of the invention. The main elements of such a FOSS: 1 - control point (surface ship or coastal post), 2 - ANPA, 3 - underwater object (target), 4 - transceiver devices of the sound subsystem (ZPS), 5 - sonar ANPA, 6 - subsystem space navigation, 7 - navigation spacecraft (SC), 8 - communication channel of the AUV with the spacecraft, 9 - hydro-acoustic navigation subsystem (GNPS) of the ANPA, 10 - element of the GPS, 11 - communication channel of the GPS, 12, 13 - control channel of the underwater object, in which 12 is the radiating signal of the sonar AUV, 13 is reflected from the underwater object cash sonar, 14, 15 - the control channel and the communication control station with AUV in which 14 - information transmitted AUV paragraph about the discovery of management objectives, 15 - Team AUV control point.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the elements of the lighting system of the underwater environment, where 1 is the control point (surface ship or coastal post), 2 is the AUV, 3 is the desired underwater object, 4 are the transceiver devices of the sound subsystem (ZPS), 14, 15 are the channels AUV control and its communication with a control point, in which 14 - information transmitted by AUV through RSL (16) to a control point via a communication channel (21), 15 - AUV control command transmitted from control point (1) through RSL (16) via the communication channel (21), 16 - RSL (RSLR), 17 - VIZ, 18 - noise finder, 19 - RShZ, 20 - glad Oantenna, 21, 22, 23 — communication channels of the control center with the RSL (RSLR), VIZ and RShZ, 24 — noise emitted by a moving underwater object and AUV, as well as splashed RSL (RSLR) and VIZ, 25 — the acoustic pulse emitted by VIZ 26 is the acoustic impulse of the VIZ reflected from the underwater object; 27 is the AUV control command emitted by the RShZ (19) and transmitted via the communication channel (23) from the control point.

Elements 5-13 in FIG. 2 are not shown, since their use in the proposed FOSS is not necessary, although it is possible similarly to the FOSS shown in FIG. 1, where 5 is the ANPA sonar, 6 is the space navigation subsystem, 7 is the navigation spacecraft (SC), 8 is the communication channel of the ANPA with the spacecraft, 9 is the hydro-acoustic navigation subsystem (GNPS) of the ANPA, 10 is the GNPS element, 11 is the communication channel GNPS, 12, 13 - control channel of the underwater object, in which 12 is the emitting sonar signal of the AUV, 13 is the sonar signal reflected from the underwater object.

The achievement of a positive effect in the implementation of the proposed device is confirmed by the information given in Table 2 "Expected operational properties of the proposed technical solution."

Thus, the proposed underwater lighting system is able to provide the required accuracy of the AUV location when satellite and sonar navigation systems do not function in the search area, as well as the necessary time to observe the detected underwater object when it tries to break away from the observation.

Claims (1)

Underwater environment lighting system (FOSS), consisting of a control point — a surface ship and / or a coastal post, an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle (AUV), a control and communication channel of a control center with AUV with transceivers of the sound subsystem, an underwater object control channel ANPA sonar, characterized in that in addition to the composition of FOSS, a radioactive sonar buoy reactive (RSBR), and / or reactive cipher charge (RShZ), and / or reactive underwater lighting system are included positioners (RSOPO), the control channel of the AUV and the underwater object through the RSLR and / or the RSOPO, the control channel and the control center’s communication with the AUV through the RSLD, and / or the RSOPO, and / or RShZ, the ANP are additionally installed in the control channel of the underwater object a noise finder and in the subsystem of sound supply, an acoustic modem and a device for decrypting signals of an encrypted charge, a control unit for storing and starting AUV, a launcher for storing and starting RSLR and / or RSOPO, a computational and signal stroystva, subsystem sonar communication acoustic modem.

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