RU2654435C1 - Underwater vehicle-hunter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vessels and other watercrafts.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to marine technology and can be used to search for sea objects and physically effect on them. Underwater vehicle-hunter consists of the head part, in which the on-board control system and associated homing system, a charge of an explosive are placed, together with fuses: a contact and a non-contact ones. In the middle part of the underwater vehicle there is a source of energy and an engine, and in the rear part there is a propulsion device, drives of steering machines and external tailings with rudders. In the head part there is an additionally placed on-board system of hydroacoustic suppression (HAS) of the enemy sea object anti-torpedo defence (ATD) means, including the control unit and the transceiver devices associated with the on-board control system and the transceiver devices of the homing system. On-board control system is additionally equipped with a computer for calculating the manoeuvre for overcoming the boundary of the anti-torpedo defence of the enemy sea object and a device for recognizing the operation of its detection means, hydroacoustic suppression and anti-torpedo defence means.

EFFECT: it is possible to increase the opportunities for breaking through the defensive lines organized by the enemy sea objects with the help of HAS and ATD means, and efficiency in application.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of marine engineering and can be used to search for marine objects and the physical impact on them.

It is known that for the search for marine objects using various measuring devices based on the registration in the aquatic environment of objects and their inherent physical fields. Due to the peculiarities of the distribution of various types of energy in water, the most widely used sonar search tools are based on the laws of sound propagation in water.

It is believed that the first sonar device that measures the flow velocity and has a sonar communication channel was invented in Russia in 1881 by a naval officer S.O. Makarov. During the Second World War, such devices were widely used as sonars on surface ships and noise-finding stations on submarines [1 - I. Korzh. The origin and development of domestic sonar resistance and suppression. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology. SI Vavilova RAS. St. Petersburg: 2010. http://www.dissercat.com/content/zarozhdenie-i-razvitie-otechestvennogo-hydroakusticheskogo protivodeistviya-i-podavleniya].

Subsequently, sonar and sound direction finders were combined into one device, called the sonar station. With the help of GAS, search, detection, classification and determination of the coordinates of sea targets, as well as the issuance of the necessary data to marine underwater weapon control devices, are performed. GAS are divided according to the principle of operation into active or sonar stations (SFS) and passive noise-finding stations (ShPS), at the place of installation - into aviation, autonomous, ship, stationary, according to purpose - at the station for classifying targets, mine detection, interference, reconnaissance and communication [ 2 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989. S. 102]. The detection range of underwater objects by modern gas stations can reach 100 km or more [3 - Encyclopedia of the future admiral. About the fleet and ships. SPb .: LLC Polygon Publishing House, 2003].

Today, various submarine vehicles are used in the fleets of leading sea powers, which, in addition to searching for marine objects in the aquatic environment, are also intended for physical impact on them. These are torpedoes, mines, and uninhabited underwater vehicles equipped with a GAS [4 - Surnin VV, Pelevin Yu.N., Chulkov VL Antisubmarine assets of foreign fleets. - M.: Military Publishing, 1991], [5 - Autonomous underwater vehicles. Materials of the site of the Institute of Marine Technology Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002]. For the purpose of generalization, hereinafter, underwater vehicles (PA) are understood as self-propelled displacement devices that operate in water and are designed to search for marine objects and physical impact on them, and under marine objects - their goals (surface ships, submarines or PA).

In the general case, the known PAs have a streamlined cylindrical or other body, means of movement and energy supply, sonar and television means for searching for marine objects, navigation equipment, communication means, a payload compartment and control devices. To transmit information about the discovered marine objects to the control point, the PAs are equipped with communication equipment with a sonar or radio channel [6 - Sidenko KS, Illarionov G.Yu. Submarine and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle // MRE, No. 2, 2008].

The closest analogue of the proposed PA is a torpedo, which is a self-propelled, self-or remote-controlled underwater projectile carrying a warhead and designed to destroy ships and ships, as well as the destruction of hydraulic structures located near the water edge. Structurally, the torpedo consists of a head part, which contains the explosive charge, fuses (contact and non-contact), equipment of the onboard control system (BSU). In the middle part of the torpedo there is an energy source and an engine, and in the rear part there is a mover, steering gear drives and an external tail unit with rudders. The homing torpedo has an autonomous homing system (SSN), which detects the target, determines its position relative to the longitudinal axis of the torpedo and generates the necessary commands for the control system [7 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. - M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 431]. However, the use of a torpedo to destroy modern surface ships (NK) and submarines (submarines) is accompanied by active opposition on their part, which greatly complicates the solution of this problem. The vulnerability of a torpedo from anti-torpedo protection (PTZ) and sonar suppression (GPA) is its significant drawback.

Based on the purpose of the torpedoes, the defending side seeks to prevent the defeat of their forces (NK, ships, submarines and hydraulic structures), for which they organize a PTZ, which is a complex of various technical means and actions that reduce the threat of damage to ships and port structures by torpedo weapons. PTZ is provided with constructive protection of the ship, the ship’s fence (at the parking lot), floating dock, hydraulic structures with anti-torpedo nets, the use of special towed or self-propelled object guards against homing torpedoes and other measures [8 - Naval Dictionary for the Young. T. 2 (Letters N - I) / Under the general. ed. P.A. Grischuk. - M .: DOSAAF, 1987 .-- 320 p., Ill. S. 108-109].

In order to mislead the enemy regarding the position and action of their forces or to hinder the use of weapons against them, various imitation tools are used, which are devices and devices that form physical fields that are identical to real objects, by which the movement of objects in space is simulated. One of the types of marine simulators that are often used is a submarine simulator, which creates physical fields in the aquatic environment that are characteristic of submarines. It can be self-propelled or drifting. A self-propelled submarine simulator has an engine, equipment and controls that allow it to maneuver according to a given program [9 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 159].

To create interference with naval means of underwater surveillance and GAS torpedoes, reduce the efficiency of their work, divert torpedoes from NK, ships and submarines to false directions in the fleets, GPA means are used, which are divided into active and passive, and by design are self-propelled, drifting and ship. Active types include various types of simulators that provide signals from sonar equipment, reproducing and emitting them into the medium at frequencies corresponding to the relative dynamics of the “observer and target,” and with much greater power than perceived. Passive ones include various types of anti-sonar coatings and gas-generating devices that scatter the incident signal energy and thereby create false targets [10 - Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Military Publishing, 1989 .-- 511 p. S. 405].

As an active means of anti-tank missile defense of the NK and submarines, devices are used to bring down enemy torpedoes. To this end, anti-torpedoes having a device similar to a torpedo and having a smaller size are used in the fleets of leading sea powers [11 - K.V. Drobot, S.F. Sorokin. Complex active anti-torpedo protection of surface ships // Marine Radioelectronics, No. 2 (5), 2003. S. 28-29]. So, the well-known American anti-torpedo Mk 46 mod. 7 was developed for the active anti-aircraft carrier of aircraft carriers and other large NKs in 1992 [12 - V. Barkov, V. Klimov. The development of US torpedo weapons (information review). SPb .: JSC “Concern“ Marine underwater weapons - Hydropribor ”, 2009. - 44 p. S. 26]. Modern minitorpedas are so small that they do not require a lot of space for their placement, as, for example, the Italian A-200 whitehead minitorpeda, which has a length of 883 mm, a caliber of 124 mm and a mass of 11 kg [13 - B.A. Koptev, A.L. Gusev. Development Trends of Foreign Torpedo Weapons // Marine Radioelectronics, No. 3, 2006. P. 58-63]. This circumstance allows you to place the minitorpedas in the required quantity even on small media and use them as an effective anti-torpedo agent.

The aim of the invention is the development of an underwater vehicle, operating autonomously or remotely controlled, which would be capable of attacking a sea target discovered by it on a given route, overcoming the GPA and PTZ means it uses.

To achieve the objective of the invention, there is proposed an underwater hunter apparatus, consisting of a head part, in which an onboard control system and associated homing system are located, having receiving-emitting devices, explosive charge, fuses: contact and non-contact, an energy source and an engine are located in the middle part , in the rear part there is a mover, steering gear drives and an external tail unit with rudders. In addition, an onboard sonar suppression system for means of anti-torpedo protection of the enemy’s marine object is located in the head part, including control and receiving-emitting devices associated with the onboard control system and receiving-emitting devices of the homing system, and the onboard control system is additionally equipped with a computing device for calculating maneuvers to overcome the boundary of anti-torpedo protection of marine enemy’s object and device for recognizing the operation of its means rifle, sonar suppression and anti-torpedo protection. The receiving-emitting devices of the on-board GPA system of the PTZ means are located on the PA case, in addition, the receiving-emitting devices of the SSN PA can be used.

A possible embodiment of the proposed device: the underwater hunter is additionally equipped with a towed cable with receiving-emitting devices, a device for its placement and a device for preventing cable from entering the propulsion device. A cable with receiving-emitting devices is connected to the onboard sonar suppression system of the anti-torpedo defense means of the enemy’s marine object.

The invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1 and 2).

In FIG. 1 presents a General view of the proposed underwater vehicle, which includes: 1 - the head part, 2 - the middle part, 3 - the tail part, 4 - homing system (CCH) with receiving-emitting devices (PIE), 5 - explosive charge, 6 - contact fuse, 7 - non-contact fuse, 8 - on-board control system (BSU), 9 - power source, 10 - engine, 11 - mover, 12 - steering gear drives, 13 - external tail unit with rudders, 14 - on-board GPA system with PIE , 15 - recognition device operating detection tools, GPA and PTZ marine o bjectov, 16 - a computing device for calculating the maneuver to overcome the line of anti-tank missile defense of an enemy’s naval object.

A PA hunter, like other similar PAs, is designed to search for marine objects and further physical impact on them if they are hostile or need to be disabled. In the process of searching in the BSU (8) for the PA in the device (15) for recognizing the working detection tools, GPA and PTZ used by marine objects, a constant analysis of the surrounding PA acoustic field is performed. When the device (15) detects the operation of the GPA means or transfers the underwater surveillance means of the object to the search mode of the vehicle, or detects torpedoes or anti-torpedoes launched by the object, the computing device (16) calculates the maneuver of the vehicle to overcome the PTZ boundary of the marine object to bring it closer to the required range. At the same time, according to the BSU command, the on-board GPA system with PIE (14) is turned on, with the help of which the received signals of the object’s sonar assets are reproduced and emitted into the water at frequencies corresponding to the relative dynamics of the object and the PA, which is required for disinformation of the object. Thus, the PA interferes with the operating means of underwater observation of the object, as well as the CLP of torpedoes or anti-torpedoes, blocking them and diverting them to false directions.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a PA hunter equipped with a towed cable (18) with PIE (19). The device for setting it (17) is a coil with a drive, on which a cable is wound, connected to the on-board GPA system (14). As devices preventing cable entry into the propulsion device of the PA, in FIG. 2 shows the emitter (19) and the guide tube (20). Such a PA operates in a similar way and differs from the one described above only in that the PIR of the on-board GPA system are moved outside the PA and are placed on a towed cable. This arrangement of the ISP allows you to carry them in space at a greater distance and thereby significantly increase the efficiency of the GPA.

The technical result of the proposed underwater hunting apparatus is to increase its ability to break through the defensive lines organized by enemy marine objects with the help of GPA and PTZ, and, consequently, its effectiveness.

Claims (2)

1. Underwater hunting apparatus, consisting of the head part, which houses the on-board control system and the associated homing system, which has receiving-emitting devices, explosive charge, fuses: contact and non-contact, in the middle part there is an energy source and an engine, in the tail a mover, steering gear drives and an external tail unit with rudders are installed, characterized in that in addition to the head part there is an on-board sonar suppression system otorpedo protection of the enemy’s marine object, including a control unit and receiving-emitting devices associated with the onboard control system and receiving-emitting devices of the homing system, and the onboard control system is additionally equipped with a computing device for calculating maneuver to overcome the line of anti-torpedo protection of the enemy’s marine object and a recognition device for the operation of its detection means , sonar suppression and anti-torpedo protection. 2. The underwater hunting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a towed cable with receiving-emitting devices, a device for staging it and a device for preventing cable from getting into the propulsion device, the cable with the emitter is connected to the onboard sonar suppression system of means of anti-torpedo protection of the enemy’s marine object.

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