RU2743253C1 - Cultural plants on trees growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, gardening and horticulture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to gardening and horticulture. Method includes planting in mature trees having a rotten core by arranging holes in the trunk for introducing soil into them and planting cultivated plants therein. In the spring, fertile soil is prepared and the hollow is filled with a cut of the tree trunk, and the soil is fed and aerated in the hollow of the trunk. Wherein, the introduced soil of a hollow with a hole is supplied with an intrasoil forced injector to ensure uniform saturation with water and / or nutrients of the entire root area, and the forced injector is made in the form of a container that tapers and turns into a thin cylindrical part of the tube with a hole in the lower segment and with a removable conical with a tip that has a larger diameter than the injector tube itself to penetrate the soil. Container is made in the form of a measuring vessel with volumetric luminous divisions on the side wall from above, equipped with a removable perforated lid with a movable rod with a piston in the form of a "medical syringe". In the removable lid, small perforated holes are made for the flow of air from the atmosphere into the container. The injector is additionally equipped with a fitting with a stopcock and a mesh filter that can be tightly connected to hoses supplying liquid and / or nutrients, as well as with the ability to pump air into the fitting when air is supplied to the injector tube.

EFFECT: provides possibility of irrigation and aeration of the soil in the hollows of large trees and with the cultivation of flower and cultivated plants on non-watered lands.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture and horticulture, and can be used on watered lands overgrown with low-value wood, as well as for the cultivation and maintenance of ornamental trees with the placement of a composite of them outdoors on non-watered lands of ravine slopes, in street systems , recreation areas, in parks, at exhibitions, where it is difficult to land in the ground. These compositions can also be used in places where the situation with improvement is associated with overgrown with low-value wood and is associated with aeration of the soil with air necessary for microbiological processes that improve the soil and increase its fertility.

In the literature available to us, we found analogues for growing plants, for example, in use for planting or grafting on low-value trees. However, from the point of view of soil aeration and watering in the heart of trees, it is known that for its development any plant needs both watering and aeration, especially the root zone. Currently, no special devices for the method of such large plants have been found.

From the analysis of scientific and technical and review of patent literature materials on the novelty of the proposed technical solution and promising practical application, the following solutions are given below.

A container for growing plants is known, containing a body, a bottom and a glass with a hole inserted into it, while the body is cylindrical from a piece of a tree trunk by removing the core to the required wall thickness, inside it is a glass made of thin sheet metal or plastic with side drainage holes, and the vertical value of the ratio of the height of the body and its diameter is in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 2 (Patent RU No. 11443, A01G 9/02 from 16.10.1999).

The disadvantage of this method is insufficient aeration of the soil of the plant for a shallow bedding of the root system, where the air environment should be a source of nutrition for the plant, in addition, the container requires the use of an optimal ratio of device sizes and the complexity of the need, first the trees are split, and then they are glued again and pulled together with a metal belt ...

Known container for growing plants, including an open-top body and a removable bottom, in order to improve root nutrition, the removable bottom is made in the form of a glass installed in the body with a gap that provides a capillary rise of moisture (Inventor's certificate SU # 466633, A01G 9/02 dated 05.04 .1975).

The disadvantage of such a container is that in the process of plant development, the root systems do not develop well, which limits the use of the container.

Known methods are used with cutting devices to study the quality of wood and the properties of growing trees (Patents RU No. 2468572, A01G 23/00, A01G 17/00, A01G 1/00 of 10.12.2012, RU No. 2158676, B27G 15/00 of 10.11. 2000). However, to test the methods of woody plants, it is implemented on a tree trunk, taking into account the formation of conclusions and recommendations 66 on the ecological situation of the territory and on the quality of wood of growing trees, special equipment is used for this, complex equipment is used when deepening a flat rod-stamp into the bark or sapwood of a woody plant.

There is a known method of propagation of a grape plant, including the use of a graft from a plant obtained by the method of tissue culture as a scion, grafting the latter onto a grape bush under plantation conditions, which consists in splicing the scion components in an opaque micro-greenhouse in the form of a tube (Copyright certificate SU No. 1576044, A01G 17 / 00 from 07.07.1990). However, this method and device for plant development is not suitable for planting or grafting on low-value trees (for example, aspen, etc.) growing on watered or non-watered lands, cultivated plants (for example, cherry or flowering plants), as well as on those large plants (trees), which, according to their age, are cut at a certain height above the ground with the formation and arrangement in it with the removal of an unusable core, then they are filled with soil (for example, in recreation parks or such a method takes place as the Patriarch Garden of the city of Vladimir located on the slopes of a ravine, where a large tree was cut down at a certain height above the surface of the earth, the hollow was covered with soil, flowers were planted, a beautiful design was made from the tree, tourists and people visiting the park of the territory can appreciate this design - the art of transforming a large felled tree, served their age).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the method of cultivation of cultivated plants selected as a prototype, including the use of trees, characterized in that the planting is carried out in adult trees having a rotten core, by arranging cultivated plants in the soil trunk and planting cultivated plants in it, and holes in the trunk, a variable section is made at an angle, and the depth of the wide part should be greater than the diameter of the planted seed or roots, while moisture is taken by the roots from the watered crop around the tree in the absence of aeration and fertilization (Patent RU No. 2468572, A01G 23/00, A01G 17 / 00, A01G 1/00 dated 09.12.2012).

The disadvantage of this method is that in the hollow of the trunk, the root system is practically devoid of aeration of the roots, therefore, the method can mainly be located among fields in drainless basins, and as noted in the prototype on the plains of Western Siberia, which occupy 5 ... 8% of the area of cultivated fields, draining them and turning them into fields is not economically profitable. In addition, the known technical solution is in no way tied to high marks (dry) of the earth's surface, for example, the existing Patriarch Garden of the city of Vladimir, and the planted trees are located on the slopes of the ravine, where such favorable natural conditions are absent for most large plants. Therefore, in the design of the park area, there are apparently no special devices for aerating the root zone in the hollow of the trunk of large plants. Here they have a shallow root system, and it is devoid of aeration of the roots and nutrients.

However, it is known that the air environment is also a source of plant nutrition, for example, plants can utilize nitrogen, carbon and other elements from air-gas mixtures and from the air, which supports plant growth, makes it not weakened. At the same time, there is no death of plant roots in such hollows of the trunk. Therefore, the density and aeration of the soil is that the amount of air supplied per unit time (consumption) may not be related to the density of the soil and the depth of filling the hollow with soil, and therefore, at a shallower depth, part of the energy of the air escaping into the atmosphere is lost, which means that its pores contain air nitrogen, and it is necessary to forcibly supply warm air from the surrounding atmosphere. Accordingly, in the soil and in the presence in its pores of the required amount of air for the decomposition process, nitrification is noticeably intensified. It is known that the air contains 78.2% by volume of nitrogen, and in the soil (without fertilization) there is almost no nitrogen in its pure form. Burial vegetation intensively absorbs this nitrogen from the soil during decomposition. Thus, when air enters from the day surface, heat enters the soil along with the air, heating it, and air nitrogen enriches the soil with nitrogen. ^one

The objective of the invention is to optimize the process of growth and development of plants in large hollows of a tree trunk by easier assimilation of nutrients from air solutions or gas mixtures supplied directly to the zone of the root system of plants growing at high elevations of the terrain, and non-watered lands, namely for forced supplying water and air to the trunks of various large plants.

The technical result of the invention is a new method, the use of which allows one to show new properties that are absent in the known technical solutions and allow, due to the new proposed device, the technical solution to show the effects, consisting in the fact that for the method of growing cultivated plants on trees, including planting in adult trees having a rotten core, by arranging holes in the trunk for introducing soil into them and planting cultivated plants in it, according to the invention, in the spring, they prepare fertile soil and fill the hollow with a cut of the tree trunk, feed and aerate the soil in the hollow of the trunk, while the soil of the hollow with the hole is provided with an intrasoil forced injector to ensure uniform saturation with water and / or nutrients in the root area, and the forced injector is made in the form of a container that narrows and passes into a thin cylindrical part of the tube with a hole in the lower segment and with a removable conical tip having a larger diameter than the injector tube itself for its penetration into the soil, the container is made in the form of a measuring vessel with volumetric luminous divisions on the side wall from above, equipped with a removable perforated lid with a movable rod with a piston in the form of a "medical syringe" small perforated holes are made in a removable cover for the flow of air from the atmosphere into the container, the injector is additionally equipped with a fitting with a stopcock and a mesh filter that can be tightly connected to hoses supplying liquid and / or nutrients, as well as with the possibility of injecting air into the fitting when supplying air into the injector tube.

Such a constructive solution for large trees allows, when closing a mushroom-shaped hollow at a certain distance from above with a visor and made with landscape design, it allows not to die, having a cut in the core, to plant, for example, flower or other plants that are within the park recreation areas ( "Patriarch's Garden" of the city of Vladimir) can improve the territory of the general landscape and the design of the garden, where tourists, the population of the city visit it, make excursions for many organizations, students, schoolchildren, hold weddings, etc. Other plants can grow in such hollows when their roots become stronger and begin to grow down into the soil in which the cut tree is located (water always ensures its flow down and the ability to use nutrients).

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of planting a plant in the hollow of a tree trunk. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the injector device and all of its components. The method is carried out as follows.

Top dressing and aeration of the soil in the hollow of 1 trunk of a cut large tree is carried out by known methods. Then in the spring, fertile soil 2 is prepared and the hollow 1 is filled with a cut of the tree trunk at a certain height from the ground to be able to plant, for example, flowers or other plants in it, then they use: aeration, moisture and nutrition. In this case, the trunk of the cut tree is covered with a metal detachable belt 3, made in the style of landscape design with a pattern, i.e. serve as a decorative element. At the split point, the belt 3 is pulled together with a rod 4, on which a freely rotating sleeve 5 is put on. Vertical posts 6 are attached to the belt 3, from above to which a mushroom-shaped visor 7 of landscape design is fixed, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the trunk.

For irrigation, feeding and aeration, a device is used made of a container 8 with volumetric color divisions, having a narrowing 9 in the form of a support foot resting on the soil surface. To reduce the resistance arising from immersion in the soil, the injector 10 in the form of a thin cylindrical part of the tube is equipped with a removable conical tip 11, which is attached to a threaded connection and has a larger diameter than the injector 10 in the form of a thin tube, which allows the soil to loosen when immersed, to reduce clogging holes 13 on the cylindrical part of the tube 10 (injector) and improve the conditions for its use. In this case, the injector 10 is connected to the water-supplying measure of the container 8 by means of a threaded connection 12, which is removable in order to facilitate the installation of the structure. In addition, the base of the injector 10 is covered with a stable piston 14 with a rod 15, something like a "medical syringe with a piston" to regulate the flow of fluid to the root zone and to organize mechanical forced aeration of the soil. In this case, the movable rod 15 with the piston 14 is fixed to the removable perforated roof 16 of the container 8 in order to facilitate the assembly of the structure.

At the place of narrowing 9 (support heel) of the container 8 and on its cylindrical part below, fittings 17 are made, onto which tubes with a ball valve 18 with a filter 19 (mesh) are put on with the possibility of regulating the flow of liquid to the root system of the plant.

In the removable lid 16, small perforated holes 20 are made for air from the atmosphere into the container 8. The hollow 1 is covered with fertile soil 2, and above it, a visor 7 of landscape design is fixed above it slightly above the mushroom-shaped visor.

Before filling the liquid and feeding with the piston 14, the rod 15 is carried out several times downward - upward, its movement towards a thin cylindrical tube (injector 10) with aeration of the root zone of the prepared soil. Warm air increases the temperature of the soil and the content of air nitrogen in its pores (this is done by the proposed device).

After aeration, watering the plant is started, for which the cylindrical part of the tube 10 (injector) of the device is blocked with a stable piston 14 due to the movable rod 15 passing through the fixed perforated cover 16, water or nutrient solution is poured into the measuring container 8 and the liquid flow rate through the fitting is set 17 with a ball valve 18 with a filter 19. The container 8 is closed from above with a perforated lid 16 with holes 20, the holes of which are made small to let air in during aeration (small holes do not let the leaves and other large debris through), and in the second case, when filling with water container 8, through the holes 50, on the contrary, the air is released, which is released from the water or solution that entered it, which ensures the free filling of the container 8, i.e. it is filled evenly without jumps in the height of its filling with the indicated color volumetric divisions on the side wall until the required filling of the liquid for irrigation and / or plant feeding.

Thus, the device is started further until the liquid of a predetermined volume is emptied. Further, the working cycles are repeated as needed when water is accumulated and, after pouring it out, it is regulated by filling according to volumetric divisions (they can be multi-colored divisions), they are repeated.

The use of a fixed mushroom-shaped visor 7 in the performance of landscape design on top of the hollow 1 above, at the same time, at a certain distance above, covers both the whole tree that was felled and its hollow 1 from clogging by means of fastening vertical posts 6, connected with a belt 3 with a design pattern. At the same time, such an arrangement of the mushroom-shaped visor 7 contributes to the installation of a collapsible container 8 with an injector 10 at any time. Installation is possible, regardless of weather conditions, which allows vegetation of plants (for example, flowers, for example, the Patriarch's Garden of the city of Vladimir). This means that it simultaneously aerates, and then watering and / or fertilizing at a given set time by the operating personnel of this structure.

The device of the method allows another variant of aerating the soil of the root zone. For this case, on the fitting 17 with the piston 14 closed by the movable rod 15, the hole at the point of narrowing 9 (injector 10), outside on the fitting 17 with a ball valve 18 with a filter 19, a hose from the air or gas supply device (not shown) is put on and aeration of the soil in the required dosages, and the container itself (vessel) at this time can be filled with a given volume of liquid for irrigation.

The use of the invention provides significant advantages over the prototype for such proposed park conditions in landscape design. The technology of irrigation and aeration accelerate the decomposition and assimilation of soluble nutrients, creating a favorable air regime and watering the soil, solve the problem of growing flower and other cultivated plants in the hollows of the trunks of large sawn trees from the design, increase the content of air nitrogen in the pores of the soil by forced supply of warm air, and also with the elimination of the rotten core, where this tree is still grown, creates a certain interesting landscape design in general, in particular, in the park areas of the country for recreation, tourism, etc., for example, the "Patriarch Garden" of the city of Vladimir, which is part of the composition of the "Golden Ring" for tourist visits, and where at present this large tree with a diameter of about 2 meters exists, and is closed on top by a decorated mushroom-shaped visor of landscape design. The proposed device of the method will provide water savings for irrigation, creating a favorable air regime in the soil.

Claims (1)

A method of growing cultivated plants on trees, including planting in adult trees with a rotten core, by arranging holes in the trunk for introducing soil into them and planting cultivated plants in it, characterized in that in the spring fertile soil is prepared and the hollow is filled with a cut of the tree trunk, feeding and aeration of the soil in the hollow of the trunk is carried out, while the introduced soil of the hollow with a hole is supplied with an intrasoil forced injector to ensure uniform saturation with water and / or nutrients of the entire root area, and the forced injector is performed in the form of a container, narrowing and turning into a thin cylindrical part of the tube with a hole in the lower segment and with a removable conical tip having a larger diameter than the injector tube itself for its penetration into the soil, the container is made in the form of a measuring vessel with volumetric luminous divisions on the side wall from above, equipped with a removable perforated lid with a movable stem with a piston in the form of a "medical syringe", small perforated holes are made in a removable lid for air flow from the atmosphere into the container, the injector is additionally equipped with a fitting with a stopcock and a mesh filter that can be tightly connected to hoses supplying liquid and / or nutrients, and also with the possibility of air injection into the fitting when air is supplied to the injector tube.

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