RU2730588C1 - Method of fixation of medium sulphurous sands in dry steppe subzone and desert zone with creation of fine-lipped structure of cover from deserts of xerophytic moss - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in phytomelioration of eroded sandy lands and desertified lands in steppe subarea and desert zone. In method middle sump sands are fixed by creation of fine-lipped structure of cover in late fall. Seeds of desert xerophytic moss, a representative of genus Tortula, are cut with briquettes, width and length of horizontal part of which is 10 × 10 cm with height of rhizoid part of 20 cm. Briquettes are distributed in amount of 6.7–10 thousand pieces/ha on soil surface with distance between rows 100 cm and through 100–150 cm between briquettes in a row with simultaneous rolling into a soil roller.

EFFECT: method provides combating desertification and fixation of medium sands.

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Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture and can be used for phytomelioration of eroded sandy lands and desertified lands in the dry steppe subzone and desert zone.

Moving bare, free-flowing sands cause great harm to the national economy. Very often they bring in agricultural land, rivers, reservoirs, canals, transport routes, irrigation facilities and other objects [1].

Therefore, sand consolidation is an important task in the fight against wind erosion. There are several ways to combat erosion of sandy soils: mechanical, chemical, with the help of trees and shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. We propose a way to combat soil erosion without the use of woody, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation, but with the help of bryophytes. The closest method to the proposed invention is RF Patent No. 2524180 "Method for fixing sands by planting large teresken seedlings using wings made of reed slabs" [2]. In this method, the sands are fixed by planting large teresken seedlings using wings made of reed slabs. The works are carried out on open sands using gray teresken as a sand-strengthening culture. A prostrate prutnyak, Siberian wheatgrass is sown under the protection from teresken wings falling asleep. In this case, large teresken seedlings are planted with a planter along the axes of the belts. Further, to protect the seedlings of gray teresken from falling asleep with sand, reed slabs are used, laid with support on each other along the rows.

However, this invention is quite costly (the use of reed slabs as wings leads to an increase in the cost of phytomeliorative work) or subject the soil to additional erosion (the use of mechanized soil preparation to a depth of 35-40 cm with a Paraplau plow - PRB-4-35 in an aggregate with a tractor DT-75). Plowing can cause wind erosion in desert areas.

The task to which the alleged invention is directed is to combat desertification and to consolidate medium-hilly sands. The solution to this problem is achieved by fixing the eroded lands with bryophytes from the ecological group of xerophytes, desert representatives of the genus Tortula. Mosses have not previously been used to anchor mobile sands. However, mosses have a positive effect on the formation of vegetation cover. Mosses are pioneers in the process of planting new territories with plants [3] and ensure the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the formation of primary humus [4].

One of the most common and common desert mosses - xerophytes - is Tortula desertorum (Desert Tortulla). This moss is often found in sandy deserts, covering in some places the territory by 40 - 70 and even 90% [5]. A representative of the genus Tortula grows in wide tussocks or low mats [6]. Desert moss experiences dry time in a state of suspended animation - this is when the metabolism is so slow that any manifestations of life are invisible [5].

To combat wind erosion, we propose a method for fixing sandy soils with moss vegetation, a representative of the genus Tortula - desert xerophytic moss. The most favorable time for the consolidation of eroded sands is late autumn, pre-winter, since at this time solar insolation is maximally reduced. In advance, before the onset of the winter period, planting material is prepared from the tufts of the moss cover on the mother site: briquettes. The width and length of the horizontal part of the briquettes is 10 × 10 cm.The height is taken to the depth of the rhizoid part of the plants, approximately 20 cm.The briquettes are thrown from a tractor cart, which moves along the sands in a shuttle manner, onto the soil in two rows with a distance between rows of 100 cm and the distance between the briquettes in a row is 100-150 cm. The briquettes are rolled with a roller attached to a tractor trolley, with a deepening into the sand and with the creation of a fine-lumpy cover structure. With the onset of positive temperatures and precipitation in the spring, the moss takes root. Consumption of briquettes is 6.7-10 thousand pieces / ha.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Navorotskiy SK, Zhokhov PI, Nikolaenko VT Agricultural reclamation with the basics of forestry and water supply. - L .: Kolos. Leningrad. Separate, 1978 .-- 304 p.

2. RF patent No. 2524180 published on July 27, 2014. A method for fixing sands by planting large teresken seedlings using wings made of reed slabs

3. Sluka Z.A. Green mosses. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House. 1980 .-- 13 p. And this is especially important in areas devoid of vegetation.

4. Mamatkulov UK. Analysis of the bryoflora of the Pamir-Altai. - Donish-Dushanbe. 1989.-318 p.

5.https: //otvet.mail.ru/question/71944154).

6. Nesterova S.G., Inelova Z.A., Erubaeva G.K., Childibaeva A.Zh. Ecological features of mosses of the Southern Balkhash region // Bulletin of KazNU, ecological series. - No. 2 (28) 2010. - P. 34 - 39.

Claims (1)

A method of fixing medium-hilly sands by creating a fine-lumpy cover structure in the late autumn period, characterized in that tufts of desert xerophytic moss, a representative of the genus Tortula, are cut into briquettes, the width and length of the horizontal part of which is 10x10 cm with a height of the rhizoid part of 20 cm, they are distributed in an amount of 6 , 7-10 thousand pieces / ha on the surface of the soil with a distance between rows of 100 cm and after 100-150 cm between briquettes in a row with simultaneous rolling into the soil with a roller.