RU2728691C1 - Complex preparation for presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on 6-benzylaminopurine and paraaminobenzoic acid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a sorption-stimulating preparation for presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and beer yeast autolysate. Additionally, the preparation contains calcium bentonite, 6-benzylaminopurine and paraaminobenzoic acid and represents a clay-humus complex in the form of an aqueous suspension.

EFFECT: invention provides higher stimulating capacity of preparations for presowing treatment of seeds with a semi-dry method.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat.

State of the art

6-Benzylaminopurine is a plant growth promoter, the first synthetic cytokinin to be used, mainly used as a broad spectrum plant growth regulator. 6-Benzylaminopurine or benzyladenine; 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; C12H11N5) is used more often than other cytokinins. One of the forms of 6-benzylaminopurine, riboside (C17H19N5O4), is often used as an alternative to BAP.

It is known that a number of organic compounds, such as gibberellic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine, are capable of stimulating at low concentrations both on the germination of seeds and on the further development of seedlings of a number of species of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous herbaceous plants (Nadeem M. Effect of some chemical treatments on seed germination and dormancy breaking in important medicinal plant Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary / M. Naddem, F. Al-Qurainy, S. Khan and others // Pakistan Journal of Botany. - 2012. - Vol. 44 (3). - P. 1037-1040.

6-Benzylaminopurine is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, capable of rejuvenating plants, removing plants from dormancy, causing the formation of side shoots and root shoots, stimulating the formation of chlorophyll and positively affecting photosynthesis, making the plant leaf darker and greener, stronger, Many crops are capable of postponing ripening times in favor of size and weight when outside root treatments of green fruits and berries. It is able to relieve stress in the open field during prolonged cold rains at the beginning of summer, strengthen immune processes without letting the plant die (https://greenagrolab.ru/products/6-Benzylaminopurine-c12h11n5---1-%D0%B3%D1%80 % D0% B0% D0% BC% D0% BC-). Able to help the plant adapt to most negative factors (heat; salt, alkali, soil acid).

The use of 6-benzylaminopurine as a preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment is also known from the publication of M.G. Nikolaev, M.V. Razumov, V.N. Gladkov. A handbook for germinating dormant seeds. L .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 506 p.

However, predominantly, preparations based on 6-benzylaminopurine are used to treat plants rather than seeds. This is due to the low level of knowledge about the possibility of using 6-benzylaminopurine for processing in a semi-dry way. As a result, the use of such preparations in real industrial conditions on grain crops becomes difficult. Treatment of seeds by soaking them implies a multi-stage process, including, in fact, soaking, drying, etc., which on an industrial scale leads to a significant increase in the cost and complication of the technological process of planting.

From the invention (RU No. 2461185) it is known to use a solution of para-aminobenzoic acid for pre-sowing soaking of mature inflorescences (a mixture of para-aminobenzoic acid at a concentration of 0.1-0.2% and 3% acetic acid at a concentration of 0.2-0.3% during exposure 3-4 hours).

At the same time, humate solutions are known as stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. - pp. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES OF SEEDS BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * G.N. S. A. Shoba, M. F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants - is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active substance in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results on an industrial scale.

As a complex agent for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, a preparation containing an aqueous solution of brine of a natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.30-1.32 t / m ³ , a preparation Silk and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (RU No. 2337517) is known.

A complex preparation is known for treating seeds with a mixture of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), potassium humate and irlites. At the same time, they take PABA - 25-30 g, potassium humate - 500-800 g and irlites - 20-25 kg per 100 kg of seeds. The use of the invention makes it possible to increase the germination and yield.

Known complex preparation, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2625957, and includes in its composition gibberellic acid salts (gibberellins), potassium humate (sodium) and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells, at a dose of autolysate brewer's yeast 1.5 -3 kg per ton of seeds, the dose of gibberellins 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and the dose of potassium (sodium) humate 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the drugs described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils on an industrial scale. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex drug, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the drug in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in overcoming the disadvantages inherent in analogues and the prototype by creating a complex preparation that provides an increase in the stimulating effect of 6-benzylaminopurine during pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by ensuring a decrease in the supply of allelotoxins from soils to seeds, reducing inhibition soil allelotoxins of seed germination and activation of 6-benzylaminopurine by para-aminobenzoic acid.

Thus, on the one hand, the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and para-aminobenzoic acid on seed growth is known, on the other hand, the use of these active substances as growth stimulants when treating seeds on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect. Thus, known preparations based on 6-benzylaminopurine and para-aminobenzoic acid are not applicable for industrial use in a semi-dry way, which is the problem solved by the claimed invention.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment in a semi-dry way, which is reflected in accelerating the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite, 6-benzylaminopurine and para-aminobenzoic acid, and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing the indicated components in the following concentration:

6-benzylaminopurine 65-85 mg / l, humate 8-12 g / l, calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, para-aminobenzoic acid 650-850 mg / l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the preparation, characterized by the claimed ranges of concentrations of the components, provides the activation of 6-benzylaminopurine with para-aminobenzoic acid while reducing the supply of allelotoxins from the soil to the seeds due to the bentonite-humate complex. This leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a preparation, calcium bentonite with humate is added to 6-benzylaminopurine, and additionally APD is introduced in the stated concentrations and para-aminobenzoic acid is added. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the composition of the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better manifestation of the stimulating ability of 6-benzylaminopurine. By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil that have a positive effect on seed development. This makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulation of the development of spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of 6-benzylaminopurine. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

The concentration ranges were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite - humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of the bentonite-humate complex in the preparation, the boundaries of the range of its concentration have been empirically determined and checked. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to efficiently absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration interval is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For 6-benzylaminopurine, which is a plant growth hormone from the group of cytokinins, the selected range of values is due to the presence of optimal concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions proceed with the maximum rate, taking into account that part of 6-benzylaminopurine is fixed on bentonite -humate complex in the preparation of the claimed drug. PABA under these conditions enhances the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine, which was found empirically.

Implementation of the invention

The further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Lyubava" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effectiveness of this or that drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504. The known method for evaluating the stimulatory activity of drugs-stimulants allows you to process large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings are, the greater the bulk of the germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare the germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish with a diameter of 95 mm, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the dish from a measuring pipette. A sixfold replication was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was performed by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before carrying out experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by the preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds for 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed drug, several groups of control and test samples of drugs were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding weighed portions of seeds and in each case, the length of seedlings was determined by the above method. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (for two days, the total length of seedlings was 5300 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of 6-benzylaminopurine. The concentration of the solution was 75 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 9% in relation to the length of seedlings without treatment (group 1).

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957 (prototype). The concentration of the solution was: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. The solution consumption was 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation on the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 7% in relation to the length of seedlings without treatment (group 1).

Group 4 - seeds treated with drugs of the claimed composition.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate, produced by OOO NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced by Biotech plus LLC (Russia);

6-benzylaminopurine powder, made in China,

para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) powder from Sigma (USA).

From these components, aqueous suspensions of the required concentrations were prepared by adding successively water and aqueous solutions of PABA (at a concentration of 3 g / L) and 6-benzylaminopurine (at a concentration of 200 mg / L) to the required weighed portions of dry preparations and performing simple stirring. Then, wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with a consumption of the drug solution of 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The magnitude of stimulation during treatment of seeds with preparations was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in the length of seedlings in percent, as well as in seeds of groups 2 and 3. The results of measurements and estimates of the length of seedlings of the described groups are summarized in the Table 1.

From the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal parameters of the proposed drug are: suspension with concentrations of humate 10 g / l, bentonite 40 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 12 g / l, 6-benzylaminopurine 65-85 mg / l, para-aminobenzoic acid 750 mg / l. It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account the variability of the volume of the introduced gibberellins) provides a multiple increase in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected evaluation technique. Going beyond the declared concentration ranges of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs. The table also shows that preparations containing individual combinations of components, for example, 6-benzylaminopurine with para-aminobenzoic acid, or 6-benzylaminopurine with humate, bentonite and APD, also do not provide such high values of seedling length.

Thus, the proposed invention can significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of seeds of spring wheat up to 55%.

Claims (2)

A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and brewer's yeast autolysate, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite, 6-benzylaminopurine and para-aminobenzoic acid and is a clay-humus complex in the form of an aqueous suspension, including components in the following concentration: 6-benzylaminopurine 65-85 mg / l humate 8-12 g / l calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l para-aminobenzoic acid 650-850 mg / l