RU2728680C1 - Complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on gibberellins and brassinosteroids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to development of plant growth stimulants for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. Complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by semi-dry method includes potassium or sodium humate, beer yeast autolysate, calcium bentonite, gibberellic acid salts and brassinolide. Complex preparation is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing said components in the following concentration: gibberellins (gibberellic acid salts) – 35–45 mg/l, humate – 8–12 g/l, calcium bentonite – 35–45 g/l, beer yeast autolysate – 10–14 g/l, brassinolide – 250–350 mg/l.

EFFECT: invention increases stimulating capacity of preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a semi-dry method, accelerates germination of spring wheat seeds and development of their seedlings.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat. Presowing seed treatment is one of the most important elements of the technology for growing agricultural crops, which makes it possible to increase their germination and protect them from pests. In addition, it prevents the emergence and spread of a number of diseases during the growth and development of plants.

State of the art

One of the most important elements of modern agronomic technologies in crop production is the use of growth regulators (stimulants). Currently, there is an active search for stimulants that are safe for humans and the environment. For example, acetic, oxalic, maleic, fumaric, citric, formic acids stimulate plant growth and increase their resistance to drought and other unfavorable conditions.

Brassinosteroids (steroid hormones of plants) are a group of natural plant growth regulators, derivatives of unsaturated oxysteroids with a lactone group in the B ring. They act to accelerate plant growth, while their mechanism of action is different from other phytohormones. The brassinosteroid enhances the geotropic response, promotes xylem differentiation, leads to an increase in pollen viability, delays leaf aging, regulates the angle of leaf inclination, and leads to an increase in plant resistance to stress (https://rododendrons.ru/stimuljatsija-rosta-i-brassinosteroidy/).

Brassinosteroids have a comprehensive effect on the development of plants in the process of their ontogenesis, from the activation of seed germination to the delay of aging. It is known that brassinosteroids change the activity of enzymes, membrane potential, activate the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, alter the composition of amino acids and fatty acids, cause shifts in the hormonal balance of other endogenous hormones, thereby stimulating cell elongation and division (Clouse SD, Sasse JM, 1998; Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Karnachuk RA, 2004).

In the prior art, information has been identified regarding the use of brassinosteroids to stimulate the growth of certain crops (rapeseed, beans, spring barley, etc.).

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2515726 known the use of brassinoids (synthetic brassinosteroids) for the treatment of rapeseed by means of a single soak followed by drying before planting in the soil.

From the publication (https://www.dissercat.com/content/vliyanie-brassinosteroidov-na-formirovanie-steblya-i-ustoichivost-k-poleganiyu-yarovogo-yach) it follows that the semi-dry pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds Nosovsky 9, Moskovsky 2 , Zazersky 85 with epibrassinolide and homobrassinolide at a concentration of 10 ~ 5 mg / l, an increase in seed germination up to 20% was proved.

At the same time, humate solutions are known as stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. - pp. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES OF SEEDS BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * G.N. S. A. Shoba, M. F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants - is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active substance in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results on an industrial scale.

From the publication of M.G. Nikolaev, M.V. Razumov, V.N. Gladkov. A handbook for germinating dormant seeds. L .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 506 p. There is a known method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with solutions of gibberellins.

Also known is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2625957, and which includes salts of gibberellin acids (gibberellins), potassium (sodium) humate and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells, at a dose of autolysate of brewer's yeast 1, 5-3 kg per ton of seeds, a dose of gibberellins 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and a dose of potassium (sodium) humate 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the drug described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils on an industrial scale. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex drug, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the drug in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogs and the prototype, by creating a complex preparation that provides an increase in the stimulating effect of gibberellins during pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by reducing the intake of allelotoxins from the soil into seeds, reducing the inhibition of germination by soil allelotoxins seeds and activation of the action of gibberellins by brassinosteroids.

On the one hand, the effect of gibberellins and brassinosteroids on seed growth is known, on the other hand, the use of these active substances as growth stimulants when treating seeds on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect. Thus, known preparations based on gibberellins and brassinosteroids are not applicable for industrial use by a semi-dry method, which is the problem solved by the claimed invention.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment in a semi-dry way, which is reflected in accelerating the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite, salts of gibberellic acids and brassinolide, and is a bentonite-humate complex in in the form of an aqueous suspension containing the indicated components in the following concentration:

gibberellins (gibberellic acid salts) 35-45 mg / l, humate 8-12 g / l, calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, brassinolide 250-350 mg / l.

The class of brassinosteroids has about 60 compounds, among which the best known are brassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the drug, characterized by the claimed ranges of concentrations of the components, provides the activation of gibberellins by the brassinosteroid while reducing the supply of allelotoxins from the soil to the seeds due to the formation of a bentonite-humate complex. This leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a drug, calcium bentonite with humate is added to gibberellins, and additionally APD is introduced in the stated concentrations and brassinolide is added. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the composition of the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better manifestation of the stimulating ability of gibberellins. By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil that have a positive effect on seed development. This makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulation of the development of spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of gibberellins. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

The concentration ranges were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite - humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of the bentonite-humate complex in the preparation, the boundaries of the range of its concentration have been empirically determined and checked. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to efficiently absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration interval is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For gibberellin, which is a plant growth hormone, the selected range of values is due to the presence of optimal concentrations of gibberellin in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions take place at maximum speed, taking into account that part of gibberellin is fixed on the bentonite-humate complex during the preparation of the claimed preparation. Brassinolide under these conditions enhances the action of gibberellin, which was found empirically. The introduction of brassinolide into the drug enhances the stimulating effect of gibberellins.

Implementation of the invention

The further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Lyubava" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effectiveness of this or that drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504. The known method for evaluating the stimulatory activity of drugs-stimulants allows you to process large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings are, the greater the bulk of the germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare the germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish with a diameter of 95 mm, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the dish from a measuring pipette. A sixfold replication was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was performed by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before carrying out experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by the preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds for 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed drug, several groups of control and test samples of drugs were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding weighed portions of seeds and in each case, the length of seedlings was determined by the above method. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (in two days the total length of seedlings was 6000 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of the "Buton" preparation, produced by LLC "PSK Technoexport" (Russia), containing sodium salts of gibberellic acids in an amount of 20 g / kg. The concentration of the solution was 35 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5%.

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957. The composition of the solution: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. Solution consumption 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 7%.

Group 4 - seeds treated with a 300 mg / l solution of the Brassinolide preparation (for example, made in China) containing 0.15% brassinosteroids. Solution consumption 40 l per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil was not found.

Group 5 - seeds treated with the drugs of the claimed preparation.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate, produced by OOO NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced by Biotech plus LLC (Russia);

the drug "Bud" produced by LLC "PSK Tekhnoexport" (Russia), containing gibberellins (sodium salts of gibberellic acids) in an amount of 20 g / kg;

the drug "Brassinolide" (China), containing 0.15% brassinosteroids.

Aqueous suspensions of the required concentrations were prepared from these components by adding water and a solution of Brassinolide with a concentration of 700 mg / L to the required weighed portions of dry preparations and performing simple stirring. Then, wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with a consumption of the drug solution of 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The amount of stimulation during treatment of seeds with preparations was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in the length of seedlings in percent.

From the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal processing parameters are: suspension with humate concentrations of 8-12 g / l, bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, gibberellin 35-45 mg / l, brassinolide 250 -350 mg / l. It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account their variability within the stated concentrations) provides a multiple increase in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected assessment method. Going beyond the declared concentration ranges of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of spring wheat seeds with a preparation based on gibberellins and brassinolides from 5-7 to 47%.

Claims (2)

A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite, gibberellic acid salts and brassinolide and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension, including components in the following concentration: Gibberellic acid salts 35-45 mg / l potassium or sodium humate 8-12 g / l calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l brassinolide 250-350 mg / l