RU2731581C1 - Sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on fumaric acid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds, which includes potassium or sodium humate and beer yeast autolysate. Additionally, the preparation contains calcium bentonite and fumaric acid and represents a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension.EFFECT: invention provides higher stimulating capacity of preparations for presowing treatment of seeds with a semi-dry method.1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat. During pre-sowing treatment, the initial processes of seed germination are more intensive. This is especially true for the development of the root system. The embryonic roots quickly come into contact with the soil moisture front and do not break away from it as the plants grow. In untreated seeds, germination is delayed and does not proceed well. This leads to the fact that the roots, growing slowly, can break away from the moisture front and lose the ability to normally provide plants with water.

State of the art

One of the most important elements of modern agronomic technologies in crop production is the use of growth regulators (stimulants). Currently, there is an active search for stimulant drugs that are safe for humans and the environment. It is known from the prior art that many organic acids have a stimulating effect on plants. For example, acetic, oxalic, maleic, fumaric, citric, formic acids stimulate plant growth and increase their resistance to drought and other unfavorable conditions ... Fumaric acid solutions are used to soak seeds (https://studfile.net/preview/1839914/ page: 10 /), foliar processing of plants, which allows:

to strengthen the resistance of plants to unfavorable environmental factors, to increase their decorative properties, to slow down the aging process of plants,

suppress the development of harmful and undesirable organisms in the soil and on the plant; reduce the loss of flowers and ovaries of vegetable plants. In sources

- L.V. Gavrilova Influence of succinic and fumaric acids on the growth, development and productivity of radish and cucumbers. Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden, Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences, issue 45, 1962, pp. 98-101;

- Blagoveshchensky A.V., Petrochenko U.A. Influence of seed treatment with succinic and fumaric acids on some physiological processes in plants. 1. Plant Physiology, 1959, No.> 6, issue I, p. 53-60;

- Sechnyak L.K., Kindruk N.A., Slyusarenko O.K., Ivaschenko V.G., Kuznetsov E.D. Wheat seed ecology. Moscow: Kolos, 1983.349 p.

the process of using fumaric acid as a growth stimulator in seeds of certain crops is described in detail.

A method for stimulating plant growth is known from the prior art, including treating seeds and spraying plants during the growing season with aqueous solutions of saturated dicarboxylic acids: oxalic or malic, malonic and fumaric acids (RU No. 2267924).

According to the invention RU No. 2093030 for the treatment of swede seeds by soaking, a 0.3-1% aqueous solution of fumaric acid is used, which makes it possible to increase seed germination and yield.

Also, an increase in the germination of agricultural seeds, the energy of their germination is achieved by treating the seeds before sowing with aqueous solutions of the biostimulator tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium fumarate according to the invention RU No. 2119284. The effect of the drug was studied on the seeds of swede, cucumbers, tomatoes, by moisturizing with 0.01-1.0% aqueous solutions of tris-2-oxyethylammonium fumarate.

However, it should be noted that all known preparations based on fumaric acid do not provide the possibility of seed treatment in a semi-dry way. As a result, the use of such preparations in real industrial conditions on grain crops becomes difficult. Seed treatment by means of soaking implies a multi-stage process, including, in fact, soaking, drying, etc., which on an industrial scale leads to a significant increase in the cost and complication of the technological process of planting.

On the other hand, humate solutions are known as stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. - pp. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES OF SEEDS BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * T.N. S. A. Shoba, M. F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants - is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active substance in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results on an industrial scale.

Among the complexes of stimulating drugs containing more than one component, for example, a drug for use as a stimulant for cereals is known, obtained as follows: fumaric acid is mixed with monoethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1: 1, melted at a temperature of 99-101 ° C, cooled crystals of monoethanolammonium oxalate and prepare a 0.001% aqueous solution of monoethanolammonium oxalate (RU No. 2595901).

Known complex preparation (RU No. 2671167), which includes gibberellin, potassium or sodium humate, biofungicide "Fitosporin-M" and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast, containing 0.5-1.0% live yeast cells.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2625957, and comprising salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium (sodium) humate and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells, with a dose of autolysate of brewer's yeast of 1.5-3 kg per ton of seeds, a dose of gibberellins of 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and a dose of potassium (sodium) humate of 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the preparations described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant action and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils on an industrial scale. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex preparation, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the preparation in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating capacity in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is the need to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogues and the prototype, by creating a sorption-stimulating drug that has an increased, in relation to single-component drugs, stimulating ability during pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by ensuring a decrease in the intake of allelotoxins from soils to seeds and reduce the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. Thus, on the one hand, the effect of fumaric acid on seed growth is known, on the other hand, the use of fumaric acid as a growth stimulator when processing seeds on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect. Thus, for industrial use in a semi-dry way, the known preparations based on fumaric acid are not applicable, which is the problem solved by the claimed invention.

The technical result achieved with the use of the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment by a semi-dry method, which is reflected in the acceleration of the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite and fumaric acid, and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form an aqueous suspension containing these components in the following concentration:

fumaric acid 800-1200 mg / l,

humate 8-12 g / l,

calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l,

autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the drug, characterized by the claimed ranges of concentrations of the components, provides activation of fumaric acid by reducing the supply of allelotoxins from the soil to the seeds, which leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a preparation, calcium bentonite with humate is added to fumaric acid, and APD is additionally introduced in the stated concentrations. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better expression of the stimulating ability of fumaric acid. By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex, which are capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil, which have a positive effect on seed development. This makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulation of the development of spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of fumaric acid. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

Concentration intervals were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite-humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of bentonite-humate complex in the preparation empirically determined and checked the boundaries of the range of its concentration. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to efficiently absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration range is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For fumaric acid, which is a substrate of respiratory metabolism, the selected range of values is due to the presence of optimal concentrations of fumaric acid in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions take place at maximum speed, taking into account the fact that part of the fumaric acid is fixed on the bentonite-humate complex when preparing the claimed drug.

Implementation of the invention

The further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Lyubava" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effectiveness of a particular drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504. The known method for evaluating the stimulatory activity of drugs-stimulants allows processing large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings are, the greater the bulk of the germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish 95 mm in diameter, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the cup from a measuring pipette. A six-fold replication was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was carried out by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before carrying out experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by the preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds for 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed preparation, several groups of control and test samples of preparations were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding weighed portions of seeds and in each case, the length of the seedlings was determined by the above method. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (for two days, the total length of seedlings was 5300 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of fumaric acid. The concentration of the solution was 1000 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution consumption of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5% in relation to the length of seedlings without treatment (group 1).

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957 (prototype). The concentration of the solution was as follows: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. The solution consumption was 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 7% in relation to the length of seedlings without treatment (group 1).

Group 4 - seeds treated with drugs of the claimed composition.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate, produced by LLC NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal TU 2189-001-58758374-05;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, manufactured by Biotech Plus LLC (Russia);

fumaric acid.

From these components, aqueous suspensions of the claimed preparation of the required concentrations were prepared by adding water and the required amounts (weighed portions) of a 5 g / l concentration of fumaric acid solution previously prepared for ease of use to the selected weighed portions of dry preparations, by simple stirring. Then, wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with the consumption of the drug solution 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The magnitude of stimulation during treatment of seeds with preparations was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in the length of seedlings in percent, as well as in seeds of groups 2 and 3. The results of measurements and estimates of the length of seedlings of the described groups are summarized in the Table 1.

The obtained data show that the optimal processing parameters are: suspension with humate concentrations of 8-12 g / l, bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, fumaric acid 800-1200 mg / l. It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account their variability within the stated concentrations) provides a multiple increase in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected assessment method. Going beyond the declared concentration intervals of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention can significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of spring wheat seeds with preparations based on fumaric acid from 5-7 to 25%. The stability of the obtained result should also be noted. The effectiveness of stimulation remains at the maximum achieved level even with some fluctuations in the values of the concentrations of the components of the claimed composition within the stated ranges.

Claims (2)

Sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite and fumaric acid and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing these components in the following concentration: fumaric acid 800-1200 mg / l humate 8-12 g / l calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l