RU2728698C1 - Sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on polysorbate-20 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by semi-dry method includes potassium or sodium humate and beer yeast autolysate, besides, it additionally contains calcium bentonite and polysorbate-20, and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing said components in the following concentration: polysorbate-20 100–150 mg/l, humate 8–12 g/l, calcium bentonite 35–45 g/l, beer yeast autolysate 10–14 g/l.EFFECT: invention increases stimulating capacity of preparations for presowing treatment of seeds with a semi-dry method, accelerates germination of seeds of spring wheat and development of their seedlings.1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat. With pre-sowing treatment, the initial processes of seed germination are more intensive. This is especially true for the development of the root system. The embryonic roots quickly come into contact with the front of soil moisture and do not break away from it as the plants grow. In untreated seeds, germination is delayed and occurs uncommonly. This leads to the fact that the roots, growing slowly, can break away from the moisture front and lose the ability to normally provide plants with water.

State of the art

One of the most important elements of modern agronomic technologies in crop production is the use of growth regulators (stimulants). Currently, there is an active search for stimulant drugs that are safe for humans and the environment.

Polysorbate 20 (trade name TWEEN-20) is known as a stimulator of resin production and callus formation in medicine and pharmaceuticals, agriculture and plant growing. It is a surfactant, stability and relative absence of toxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific and pharmacological areas. It is an oxyethylated monoester of fatty acid anhydrohexavites, which is a viscous liquid, soluble in water, a non-ionic surfactant that has the property of keeping the surface wet. Polysorbate 20 is a viscous, clear liquid with a color ranging from yellow to yellow-green.

The use of polysorbates for seed treatment is known in the art. For example, in A.S. USSR No. 1687051 disclosed the principle of soaking grain seeds for 3 hours in a solution of nonionic surfactants - sorbitan polyoxyethylene monooleate (Tween-80) at a concentration of 1-5%.

Known use of polysorbate (Tween-80) as a means for spraying plants (AS USSR No. 1657088).

It should be noted that all known preparations containing polysorbates do not provide the possibility of treating seeds in a semi-dry way. As a result, the use of such preparations in real industrial conditions on grain crops becomes difficult. Seed treatment by means of soaking implies a multi-stage process, including, in fact, soaking, drying, etc., which on an industrial scale leads to a significant increase in the cost and complication of the technological process of planting. At the same time, there is no reliable information on the effectiveness of the stimulating ability of polysorbates for seeds.

The most popular are stimulating drugs based on gibberellic and humic acids, such as Gibbersib, Gibberellin, Humate, as well as on the basis of para-aminobenzoic acid (Acre, PABA preparations), indoleacetic acid (Heteroauxin), indolyl-3-butyric acid (IMA), picolinic acid (IVIN), a distinctive feature of which is the ability to stimulate root formation.

So, as preparations-stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment, solutions of humates are known (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM Effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL , 1984. - pp. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * G.N. Fedotov, S. A. Shoba, M.F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active substance in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results.

Known complex preparation (RU No. 2671167), which includes gibberellin, potassium or sodium humate, biofungicide "Fitosporin-M" and unpurified autolysate of brewer's yeast, containing 0.5-1.0% live yeast cells.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2625957, and comprising salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium (sodium) humate and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells, with a dose of autolysate of brewer's yeast of 1.5-3 kg per ton of seeds, a dose of gibberellins of 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and a dose of potassium (sodium) humate of 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the drugs described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant action and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex drug, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the drug in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in the need to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogues and the prototype by creating a sorption-stimulating drug that has an increased, in relation to single-component drugs, stimulating ability during pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by ensuring a decrease in the intake of allelotoxins from soils to seeds and reduce the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. The effect of polysorbate-20 on seed growth is known, however, its use as a growth stimulant when treating seeds on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect and is not explicitly disclosed in publicly available information sources.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment in a semi-dry way, which is reflected in accelerating the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The problem is solved by the fact that the sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite and polysorbate-20, and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing the specified components in the following concentration:

Polysorbate-20 100-150 mg / l,

humate 8-12 g / l,

calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l,

autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the preparation, characterized by the claimed ranges of concentrations of the components, provides the activation of polysorbate and, as a consequence, a decrease in the supply of allelotoxins from the soil to the seeds, which leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a preparation, calcium bentonite with humate is added to polysorbate-20 (in solution), and APD is additionally introduced in the stated concentrations. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, clay-humus complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the composition of the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better manifestation of the stimulating ability of polysorbate-20. By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil that have a positive effect on seed development. This makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulation of the development of spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of polysorbate-20. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

The concentration ranges were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite-humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of the bentonite-humate complex in the preparation, the boundaries of the range of its concentration have been empirically determined and checked. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to efficiently absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration interval is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For polysorbate-20, which is a surfactant, the selected range of values is due to the presence of optimal concentrations in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions proceed with the maximum speed, taking into account the fact that a part of polysorbate-20 is fixed on the bentonite-humate complex during preparation the proposed drug.

Implementation of the invention

The further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Lyubava" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effectiveness of this or that drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504. The known method for evaluating the stimulatory activity of drugs-stimulants allows you to process large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings are, the greater the bulk of the germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare the germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish with a diameter of 95 mm, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the dish from a measuring pipette. A sixfold replication was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was performed by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before carrying out experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by the preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds for 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed drug, several groups of control and test samples of drugs were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding weighed portions of seeds and in each case, the length of seedlings was determined by the above method. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (in two days the total length of seedlings was 6000 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of the "Polysorbat-20" preparation. The concentration of the solution was 120 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil was not found.

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957 (prototype). The concentration of the solution was: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. The solution consumption was 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation on the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 7% in relation to the length of seedlings without treatment (group 1).

Group 4 - seeds treated with drugs of the claimed composition.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate produced by OOO NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal TU 2189-001-58758374-05;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced by Biotech plus LLC (Russia);

the drug "Polysorbate-20" is a nonionic surfactant, a viscous liquid, readily soluble in water.

Aqueous suspensions of the required concentrations were prepared from these components by adding water and a solution of Polysorbate-20 with a concentration of 530 mg / L to the required weighed portions of dry preparations and performing simple stirring. Then, wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with a consumption of the drug solution of 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The magnitude of stimulation during seed treatment with drugs was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in seedling length in percent, as well as by seeds of groups 2 and 3.

The results of measurements and estimates of the length of seedlings of the described groups are summarized in Table 1.

From the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal processing parameters are: a suspension with humate concentrations of 8-12 g / l, bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, Polysorbate-20 100-150 mg / l.

It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account their variability within the stated concentrations) provides a multiple increase in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected assessment method. Going beyond the declared concentration ranges of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention can significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of spring wheat seeds with a preparation based on Polysorbate-20 to 37%.

Claims (2)

Sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite and polysorbate-20 and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension, including these components in the following concentration: Polysorbat-20 100-150 mg / l Humate 8-12 g / l Calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l Autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l