RU2767635C1 - Complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on gibberellins, polyethylene glycol and fruitose - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method includes calcium bentonite, potassium or sodium humate, polyethylene glycol, autolysate of brewer's yeast and gibberellic acid salts, and additionally contains fructose and is a bentonite-humate complex with gibberellin. All components are taken at a specific ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to accelerate the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings, as well as to increase the efficiency of plant growth stimulation by the claimed preparation up to 80% due to the synergistic effect.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of plant growth stimulants for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds is one of the most important elements of the technology of growing agricultural crops, which makes it possible to increase their germination and resistance to pests. In addition, it prevents the emergence and spread of a number of diseases during the growth and development of plants.

State of the art

From the prior art, the use of individual components or their compositions used to obtain the claimed complex preparation as plant and/or seed growth stimulants is known.

So, for example, it is known that treatment of seeds with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 6000 (PEG 6000) gives good results in order to increase the vigor of germination. (Z.V. Redkina and others). As a rule, the following treatment method is recommended: the seeds are washed with a weak solution of KMnO4 and soaked in a PEG 6000 solution for several days.

Known complex preparations based on PEG for presowing treatment of seeds and planting material containing, for example, components in the following ratios, wt. %: furatsilin - 0.45-0.9, catapol - 0.45-0.9, polyethylene glycol - 400 (PEG-400) - 89.0, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) - 0.9, water - the rest (RF patent No. 2565291). This composition provides stability during long-term storage, increased bactericidal and fungicidal activity, but is not applicable on an industrial scale.

PLANT GROWTH STIMULATOR MUVER® is also known (https://dolina.ua/ru/catalogue-exclusivnie-produkti/-76.html), also made on the basis of PEG and which is a complex natural-synthetic preparation of contact-systemic action for seed treatment and vegetative plants. PEG easily penetrates tissues, acting as a transport agent for all drugs used in conjunction with the growth stimulator MUVER®. PEG also structures free intracellular water, increasing its biological activity, accelerating the processes of growth and photosynthesis. MOVER® regulates transpiration and the intensity of mineral nutrition. The breakdown products of PEG - ethanolamines are the nutrients of the plant cell. The washed salts of humic acids enhance root formation and improve nutrition, which contributes to the activation of the growth of the aerial parts of plants.

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants is the low efficiency of stimulation, as well as the irreproducibility of the positive results obtained on an industrial scale.

At the same time, solutions of humates are known as stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment (Khristeva L.A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YUO VASKHNIL, 1984. - p. 16-20.), as well as preparations based on brewer's yeast autolysate (APD) (UDK 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE QUALITY OF SEEDS ON THE BASIS OF YEAST AUTOLIZATE* G.N. Fedotov, S.A. Shoba, M.F. Fedotova).

From the publication of Nikolaev M.G., Razumov M.V., Gladkov V.N. A guide to germinating dormant seeds. L.: Nauka, 1985. - 506 p. known method of presowing treatment of seeds with solutions of gibberellins.

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants is the low efficiency of stimulation, as well as the irreproducibility of the positive results obtained on an industrial scale.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2728686, and including components in the following concentration: salts of gibberellic acids 35-45 mg/l, humate 8-12 g/l, calcium bentonite 35 -45 g/l, brewer's yeast autolysate 10-14 g/l, polyethylene glycol 250-350 mg/l.

The main disadvantage of the drug described above is also the lack of effectiveness of the stimulant.

This is due to the fact that when creating a complex preparation, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure that the preparation contains components in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils. Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogues and the prototype, by creating a complex preparation that provides an increase in the stimulating effect of the gibberellin missing in the seeds during presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by reducing the intake of allelotoxins from soils into seeds, reducing inhibition soil allelotoxins for seed germination, as well as creating favorable conditions for the development of micro-organisms stimulating plants.

On the one hand, the independent effect of salts of gibberellic acids, as well as polyethylene glycol on seed growth, as well as the effect of sugars on the development of microorganisms, is known, on the other hand, the use of these active substances in combination as growth stimulants as a result of a decrease in the intake of allelotoxins from the soil during seed treatment on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for presowing semi-dry seed treatment, which is reflected in the acceleration of germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including calcium bentonite, potassium or sodium humate, brewer's yeast autolysate and salts of gibberellic acids, according to the technical solution, additionally contains fructose, and is a bentonite-humate complex with gibberellin, including these components in the following concentration:

calcium bentonite 35-45 g/l,

humate 8-12 g/l,

aqueous suspension of polyethylene glycol 250-350 mg/l,

brewer's yeast autolysate 10-14 g/l,

fructose 7-10 g/l,

aqueous suspension of salts of gibberellic acids 250-350 mg/l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the preparation, characterized by the claimed concentration ranges, is a sorption complex with a high specific surface area, provided by the presence of calcium bentonite, humate and polyethylene glycol in the preparation, which absorbs allelotoxins, on which gibberellin is also fixed, which promotes the activation of biochemical processes in germinating seeds, APD and fructose, which contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms that stimulate plants. When creating the proposed complex, APD does not act as an inert substance that fills the active centers of the sorbent, but plays a more active role, which lies in the fact that when allelotoxins are fixed on the sorbent (bentonite-humate complex), it stimulates the development of soil microorganisms that can use allelotoxins as a source of carbon. This leads to a decrease in the concentration of allelotoxins in the soil. Since the microbiological aspect of the drug action was thus manifested, it became necessary to stimulate the microbiological processes occurring on the sorbent. For this, fructose was added to the composition, which increases the growth rate of microorganisms, which is well known in applied microbiology. As a rule, nutrient media for feeding microorganisms contain sugars.

When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity with respect to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the composition of the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. The effect of absorption of allelotoxins increases even more when a nonionic surfactant, PEG, is introduced into the preparation, which disaggregates montmorillonite particles contained in bentonite and increases their active surface and sorption capacity. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows a better manifestation of the stimulating ability of gibberellin. The introduction of APD and fructose into the preparation leads to the activation of the development of microorganisms that have a stimulating effect on plants. Thus, the approach to assessing the mechanism of action of the AAA has been revised.

The drug, selected as a prototype, provides an increase in the effectiveness of stimulation up to 41%. It has been established that with an increase in the concentration of gibberellin in the preparation to 300 mg/l, the stimulation efficiency increases to 50% at a consumption of the preparation of 60 l/t of seeds, that is, not in proportion to the increase in concentration, but only with a small percentage increase in efficiency.

At the same time, it was found that existing studies of the effect of sugars on seed germination (https://research-journal.org/biology/vliyanie-fruktozv-na-prorastanie-semyan-i-razyitie-prorostkov-fagopyrum-esculentum/) show the effectiveness stimulation of seeds with solutions of sugars (in particular, fructose) no more than 3-5%.

It is obvious that the modification of the drug chosen as a prototype, by adding a certain amount of sugars and increasing the concentration of gibberellins, should provide a low total effect. However, as a result of numerous experiments based on the revision of the mechanism of the effect of APD in combination with fructose (in powder) on the stimulation of plant growth (the appearance of a microbiological effect), a balanced combination of concentrations of active elements has been deduced, which ensures the appearance of a synergistic effect, manifested in an increase in the degree of efficiency of growth stimulation. plants with the claimed preparation up to 80%.

All this made it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulating the development of spring wheat seeds during their semi-dry treatment (http://amtsibir.ru/sposoby-obrabotki-semyan/), which is unattainable with the known applications of gibberellin preparations and fructose solutions. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the lack of other means with the same high productivity - the semi-dry method allows for the processing of a large number of seeds for sowing over large areas in a short sowing period.

The concentration intervals in which the drug acts most effectively were selected. It was revealed that at certain ratios of "calcium bentonite - humate", a bentonite-humate complex arises, which has a maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of the bentonite-humate complex in the preparation, the boundaries of its concentration range were empirically determined and tested. The value of the lower limits of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to effectively absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from soils, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in a minimum degree.

For APD and fructose, the selected concentrations provide the maximum growth rate of microorganisms that stimulate seed development.

For PEG, which is a nonionic surfactant, the lower limit of concentration values characterizes the beginning of the processes of enhancing the decomposition of montmorillonite particles contained in bentonite, increasing its sorption capacity and the emergence of bentonite-humate complexes, which better fix allelotoxins and prevent the penetration of allelotoxins from soil into seeds . The upper limit of concentration is due to a decrease in the effectiveness of the action of PEG in the composition of the drug, which, apparently, is associated with its effect on biochemical processes in living organisms.

For gibberellin, which is a plant growth hormone, the selected limits of values are due to the presence of optimal balanced concentrations in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions proceed at a maximum rate, taking into account the fact that part of the gibberellin will be fixed on the bentonite-humate complex during the preparation of the claimed preparation. Moreover, on some varieties of spring wheat seeds, gibberellin, which is part of the developed preparation, does not have a stimulating effect separately from the rest of the preparation. For effective stimulation, it is necessary that gibberellin be in a certain ratio with the rest of the mixture.

Implementation of the invention

Further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Liza" on soddy-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the floodplain of the Yakhroma River with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a particular drug, a method based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504, was used. The known method for evaluating the stimulating activity of stimulant drugs makes it possible to process large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings, the greater the bulk volume of germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with untreated control samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a 95 mm dish, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with the modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added from a measuring pipette to the cup. We used six repetitions with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions in a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water placed on a vibrating table oscillating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds into the cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g, for example, in the form of a rubber stopper, was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and the structure was additionally compacted by lightly tapping (30-40 times) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before conducting experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds in 2 days. The optimal weight of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed drug, several groups of control and test samples of drugs were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding sample of seeds and in each case determine the length of the seedlings by the above method. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (for two days the total length of the seedlings was 6000 mm). This group of seeds was taken as the main volume, relative to which the percentage change in the volume of seedlings was estimated.

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of the Buton preparation, produced by PSK Technoexport LLC (Russia), containing sodium salts of gibberellic acids in an amount of 20 g/kg. The concentration of the solution was 35 mg/l. The seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 20 and 60 liters per ton of seeds.

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2728686, including salts of gibberellic acids 40 mg/l, humate 10 g/l, calcium bentonite 35-45 g/l, brewer's yeast autolysate 10-14 g/l , polyethylene glycol 250 mg/l.

Group 4 - seeds treated with fructose solution at various concentrations and at a rate of 60 l/t.

Group 5 - seeds treated with preparations of the claimed composition.

To obtain the claimed composition, we used (the indicated components can be used from another manufacturer):

potassium (sodium) humate, produced, for example, by OOO NVTs Agrotekhnologii from brown coal, which is a ready-made liquid concentrate;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

brewer's yeast autolysate (APD), manufactured by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced, for example, by Biotech Plus LLC (Russia), presented in the form of a fine cream-colored powder with a pleasant yeast (bread) smell, the mass fraction of moisture is not more than 10%.;

gibberellin 90%, for example, produced in China;

polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 (PEG-200) or 400 (PEG-400) or 600 (PEG-600);

fructose produced according to TU 9111-001-67467291-2013, which is a white fine crystalline powder.

Aqueous suspensions of polyethylene glycol and gibberellin were preliminarily prepared, for which water was added to the necessary weights of these dry preparations to obtain aqueous suspensions of polyethylene glycol (concentration 1-4 g/l, preferably 2-3 g/l, most preferably 2 g/l) and gibberellin (concentration 1-4 g/l, preferably 2-3 g/l, most preferably 2 g/l).

From the obtained aqueous suspensions of these components, as well as the remaining components, as a result of simple mixing, the inventive preparation was prepared with the content of the initial components in the stated ranges.

Wheat seeds were treated with prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with a consumption of a solution of the drug of 60 liters per ton of seeds.

The stimulation value during seed treatment with preparations was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days, in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing the increase in the length of seedlings as a percentage.

From the data obtained it can be seen (table 1) that the optimal processing parameters are: suspension with concentrations of humate 8-12 g/l, bentonite 35-45 g/l, brewer's yeast autolysate 10-14 g/l, gibberellin 250-350 mg/l l, polyethylene glycol 250-350 mg/l, fructose 7-10 g/l.

It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account their variability within the declared concentrations) provides a noticeable increase in the length of the seedlings in relation to the untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected evaluation method. Going beyond the boundaries of the declared concentration ranges of the components of the suspension leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention allows to significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of spring wheat seeds from 41 to 80%.

Claims (7)

A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including calcium bentonite, potassium or sodium humate, polyethylene glycol, brewer's yeast autolysate and salts of gibberellic acids, characterized in that it additionally contains fructose and is a bentonite-humate complex with gibberellin, including these components in the following concentration: calcium bentonite 35-45 g/l, humate 8-12 g/l, aqueous suspension of polyethylene glycol 250-350 mg/l, brewer's yeast autolysate 10-14 g/l, fructose 7-10 g/l, aqueous suspension of salts of gibberellic acids 250-350 mg/l.