RU2729105C1 - Complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on gibberellins and polysorbate 20 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to development of plant growth stimulants for presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. Technical result is achieved by the fact that complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by semi-dry method includes potassium or sodium humate, brewer's yeast autolysate, calcium bentonite, gibberellic acid salts and Polysorbate-20 and represents a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing said components in the following concentration: gibberellins (gibberellic acid salts) 35–45 mg/l; potassium or sodium humate 8–12 g/l; calcium bentonite 35–45 g/l; brewer's yeast autolysate 10–14 g/l; Polysorbate-20 is 100–150 mg/l.EFFECT: invention increases stimulating capacity of preparations for presowing treatment of seeds with a semi-dry method, accelerates germination of seeds of spring wheat and development of their seedlings.1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat. Presowing seed treatment is one of the most important elements of the technology for growing agricultural crops, which makes it possible to increase their germination and protect them from pests. In addition, it prevents the emergence and spread of a number of diseases during the growth and development of plants.

State of the art

One of the most important elements of modern agronomic technologies in crop production is the use of growth regulators (stimulants). Currently, there is an active search for stimulant drugs that are safe for humans and the environment.

Polysorbate 20 (trade name TWEEN-20) is known as a stimulator of resin production and callus formation in medicine and pharmaceuticals, agriculture and plant growing. It is a surfactant, its stability and relative absence of toxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific and pharmacological areas. It is an oxyethylated monoester of fatty acid anhydrohexavites, which is a viscous liquid, soluble in water, a non-ionic surfactant that has the property of keeping the surface wet. Polysorbate 20 is a viscous, clear liquid with a color ranging from yellow to yellow-green.

The use of polysorbates for seed treatment is known in the art. For example, in A.S. USSR No. 1687051 disclosed the principle of soaking grain seeds for 3 hours in a solution of nonionic surfactants - sorbitan polyoxyethylene monooleate (Tween-80) at a concentration of 1-5%.

Known use of polysorbate (Tween-80) as a means for spraying plants (AS USSR No. 1657088).

It should be noted that all known preparations containing polysorbates do not provide the possibility of treating seeds in a semi-dry way. As a result, the use of such preparations in real industrial conditions on grain crops becomes difficult. Seed treatment by means of soaking implies a multi-stage process, including, in fact, soaking, drying, etc., which on an industrial scale leads to a significant increase in the cost and complication of the technological process of planting. At the same time, there is no reliable information on the effectiveness of the stimulating ability of polysorbates for seeds.

The most popular are stimulating drugs based on gibberellic and humic acids, such as Gibbersib, Gibberellin, Humate, as well as on the basis of para-aminobenzoic acid (Acre, PABA preparations), indoleacetic acid (Heteroauxin), indolyl-3-butyric acid (IMA), picolinic acid (IVIN), a distinctive feature of which is the ability to stimulate root formation.

At the same time, humate solutions are known as stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. - pp. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES OF SEEDS BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * G.N. S. A. Shoba, M. F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active substance in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results.

From the publication of M.G. Nikolaev, M.V. Razumov, V.N. Gladkov. A handbook for germinating dormant seeds. L .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 506 p. There is a known method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with solutions of gibberellins.

Known complex preparation (RU No. 2671167), which includes gibberellin, potassium or sodium humate, biofungicide "Fitosporin-M" and unpurified autolysate of brewer's yeast, containing 0.5-1.0% live yeast cells.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2625957, and comprising salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium (sodium) humate and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells, with a dose of autolysate of brewer's yeast of 1.5-3 kg per ton of seeds, a dose of gibberellins of 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and a dose of potassium (sodium) humate of 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the drugs described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant action and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex drug, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the drug in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogs and the prototype, by creating a complex preparation that provides an increase in the stimulating effect of gibberellins during pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by reducing the intake of allelotoxins from the soil into seeds, reducing the inhibition of germination by soil allelotoxins seeds and activation of the action of gibberellins by Polysorbate 20.

On the one hand, the effect of gibberellins and polysorbates on seed growth is known, on the other hand, the individual use of these active substances as growth stimulants when treating seeds on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect. Thus, known preparations based on gibberellins and Polysorbate-20 are not applicable for industrial use by a semi-dry method, which is the problem solved by the claimed invention.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment in a semi-dry way, which is reflected in accelerating the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds in a semi-dry way, including potassium or sodium humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite, sodium salts of gibberellic acids and Polysorbate-20, and is bentonite humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension containing the indicated components in the following concentration:

gibberellins (salts of gibberellic acids) 35-45 mg / l,

humate 8-12 g / l,

calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l,

autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l,

Polysorbate-20 100-150 mg / l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the preparation, characterized by the claimed ranges of concentrations of the components, ensures the activation of gibberellins by Polysorbate-20 while reducing the supply of allelotoxins from soils to seeds due to the formation of a bentonite-humate complex. This leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a drug, calcium bentonite with humate is added to gibberellins, and additionally APD is introduced in the stated concentrations and Polysorbate-20 is added. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the composition of the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better manifestation of the stimulating ability of gibberellins.

By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil that have a positive effect on seed development. This makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of stimulation of the development of spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of gibberellins. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

The concentration ranges were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite - humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of the bentonite-humate complex in the preparation, the boundaries of the range of its concentration have been empirically determined and checked. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to efficiently absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration interval is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For gibberellin, which is a plant growth hormone, the selected range of values is due to the presence of optimal concentrations of gibberellin in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions take place at maximum speed, taking into account that part of gibberellin is fixed on the bentonite-humate complex during the preparation of the claimed preparation. Polysorbate-20 under these conditions enhances the effect of gibberellin, which was found empirically. The introduction of Polysorbate-20 into the preparation enhances the stimulating effect of gibberellins.

Implementation of the invention

The further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of spring wheat variety "Liza" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effective one or another drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water [4].

To estimate the length of the seedlings for each test batch, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish with a diameter of 95 mm, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the dish from a measuring pipette. A sixfold replication was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was performed by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before carrying out experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by the preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of seeds untreated with humates in 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed drug, several groups of control and test samples of drugs were prepared, which were used to treat the corresponding weighed portions of seeds and in each case, the length of seedlings was determined by the above method.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (in two days the total length of seedlings was 6000 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of the "Buton" preparation, produced by LLC "PSK Technoexport" (Russia), containing sodium salts of gibberellic acids in an amount of 20 g / kg. The concentration of the solution was 35 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5%.

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957. The concentration of the solution was: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. Solution consumption 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 7%.

Group 4 - seeds treated with a 120 mg / l solution of Polysorbate 20. The solution consumption is 40 l per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil was not found.

Group 5 - seeds treated with drugs of the claimed composition.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate, produced by OOO NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced by Biotech plus LLC (Russia);

the drug "Bud" produced by LLC "PSK Tekhnoexport" (Russia), containing gibberellins (sodium salts of gibberellic acids) in an amount of 20 g / kg;

Polysorbate 20.

From these components, aqueous suspensions of the required concentrations were prepared by adding water and a solution of Polysorbate 20 with a concentration of 530 mg / L to the required weighed portions of dry preparations and performing simple stirring. Then, wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with a consumption of the drug solution of 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The magnitude of stimulation during seed treatment with drugs was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in seedling length in percent, as well as by seeds of groups 2 and 3.

From the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal processing parameters are: suspension with humate concentrations of 8-12 g / l, bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, gibberellin 35-45 mg / l, Polysorbate 20 100-150 mg / l. Going beyond these concentration ranges of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of spring wheat seeds with gibberellins from 5-7 to 42%.

Claims (2)

A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including potassium or sodium humate and brewer's yeast autolysate, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite, gibberellic acid salts and Polysorbate 20, and is a bentonite-humate complex in the form of an aqueous suspension, including components in the following concentration: Gibberellic acid salts 35-45 mg / l, potassium or sodium humate 8-12 g / l, calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, Polysorbat-20 100-150 mg / l