RU2751247C1 - Complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds based on polyethylene glycol and phytohormones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method includes potassium or sodium humate, autolysate of brewer's yeast, calcium bentonite, gibberellic acid salts, polyethylene glycol, 6-benzylaminopurine and 3-indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin) and is a bentonite-humate complex with phytohormones in the form of an aqueous suspension containing the indicated components in the following concentration: 3-indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin) - 20-25 mg / l, gibberellins (gibberellic acid salts) - 250-350 mg / l, 6-benzylaminopurine - 6-12 mg / l, humate - 8-12 g / l, calcium bentonite - 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast - 10-14 g / l, polyethylene glycol - 250-350 mg / l.EFFECT: technical result achieved with the use of the present invention consists in increasing the stimulating ability of preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment in a semi-dry way, which is reflected in the acceleration of the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of preparations-stimulants of plant growth for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. Presowing seed treatment is one of the most important elements of the technology for growing crops, which allows them to increase their germination and protect them from pests. In addition, it prevents the emergence and spread of a number of diseases during the growth and development of plants.

State of the art

From the prior art, the use of individual components of the inventive complex preparation as stimulators of plant and / or seed growth is known.

For example, it is known that to increase the germination energy, good results are obtained by treating seeds with polyethylene glycol (PEG), for example, with a molecular weight of 6000 (PEG-6000). (Z.V. Redkina and others). As a rule, the following processing method is recommended: the seeds are washed with a weak KMnO4 solution and soaked in a PEG 6000 solution for several days.

Known complex preparations based on PEG for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and planting material, containing, for example, components in the following ratios, wt. %: furacilin - 0.45-0.9, catapol - 0.45-0.9, polyethylene glycol - 400 (PEG-400) - 89.0, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) - 0.9, water - the rest (RF patent No. 2565291). Such a composition provides stability during long-term storage, an increase in bactericidal and fungicidal activity, but is not applicable on an industrial scale.

6-Benzylaminopurine is a plant growth promoter, the first synthetic cytokinin used, mainly used as a broad spectrum plant growth regulator. 6-Benzylaminopurine or benzyladenine; 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; C12H11N5) is used more often than other cytokinins. One of the forms of 6-benzylaminopurine, riboside (C17H19N5O4), is often used as an alternative to BAP.

It is known that a number of organic compounds, such as gibberellic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine at low concentrations, are capable of stimulating both the germination of seeds and the further development of seedlings of a number of species of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous herbaceous plants (Nadeem M. Effect of some chemical treatments on seed germination and dormancy breaking in important medicinal plant Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary / M. Naddem, F. Al-Qurainy, S. Khan and others // Pakistan Journal of Botany. - 2012. - Vol. 44 (3). - P. 1037-1040.

6-Benzylaminopurine is a plant growth regulator with a wide spectrum of action, it is able to rejuvenate plants, remove plants from dormancy, induce the formation of side shoots and root shoots, stimulate the formation of chlorophyll and have a positive effect on photosynthesis, making the plant leaf darker and greener, stronger, In many crops, it is capable of slightly postponing the ripening dates in favor of size and weight when outside root treatments of green fruits and berries. It is capable of relieving stress in the open field during prolonged cold rains in early summer, strengthening immune processes preventing the plant from dying (https://greenagrolab.ru/products/6-Benzylaminopurine-c12h11n5---1-%D0%B3%D1%80 % D0% B0% D0% BC% D0% BC-). It is able to help the plant adapt to most negative factors (heat; salt, alkali, soil acid).

The use of 6-benzylaminopurine as a preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment is also known from the publication of M.G. Nikolaev, M.V. Razumov, V.N. Gladkov. A guide to germinating dormant seeds. L .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 506 p.

However, predominantly, preparations based on 6-benzylaminopurine are used to treat plants rather than seeds. This is due to the low level of knowledge about the possibility of using 6-benzylaminopurine for semi-dry processing. As a result, the use of such preparations in real industrial conditions on grain crops becomes difficult. Treatment of seeds by means of soaking implies a multi-stage process, including, in fact, soaking, drying, etc., which on an industrial scale leads to a significant increase in the cost and complication of the technological process of planting.

At the same time, humate solutions are known as stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment (Khristeva L. A., Galushka AM The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for pre-sowing seed treatment / Theory and practice of pre-sowing seed treatment. Collection of scientific papers. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. - p. 16-20.), As well as preparations based on autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) (UDC 631.811; 631.417.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A STIMULATOR FOR INCREASING SEEDING QUALITIES OF SEEDS BASED ON YEAST AUTOLIZATION * G.N. S.A. Shoba, M.F. Fedotova).

The main disadvantage of these drugs - growth stimulants - is the low efficiency of stimulation associated with the use of one active ingredient in the composition, as well as the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results on an industrial scale.

From the publication of Nikolaev M.G., Razumov M.V., Gladkov V.N. A guide to germinating dormant seeds. L .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 506 p. There is a known method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with solutions of gibberellins.

It is also known in the art to use 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) as a plant growth promoter. So, for example, RF patent No. 2430513 discloses the composition of a plant growth stimulator based on potassium salt of 3-indoleacetic acid containing potassium salt of 3-indoleacetic acid, potassium chloride, potassium salt of glycolic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in the following ratio, wt. %: potassium salt of 3-indoleacetic acid - 4.5-4.7, potassium chloride - 2.4-2.6, potassium salt of glycolic acid - 1.2-1.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate - 11.1-11, 5, water is the rest.

IAA belongs to natural plant growth stimulants and is widely used in the industrial method of vegetative propagation of shrubs and tree plantations, floriculture and horticulture, as well as in monoclonal cultivation of virus-free potato tubers, garden strawberries (strawberries), etc. However, the use of IAA as a means of pre-sowing seed treatment is unknown from known sources of information.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex preparation disclosed in RF patent No. 2625957, and comprising salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium (or sodium) humate and crude autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD) containing live yeast cells , with a dose of autolysate of brewer's yeast of 1.5-3 kg per ton of seeds, a dose of gibberellins of 6.4-9.6 g per ton of seeds and a dose of potassium (sodium) humate of 50-200 g per ton of seeds.

The main disadvantage of the drug described above is also the low efficiency of the stimulant and the irreproducibility of the obtained positive results when used on real soils on an industrial scale. This is due to the fact that when creating a complex drug, it is necessary not only to take into account the total effect of each of the stimulating components, but to ensure the presence of components in the drug in certain concentrations that provide a certain component balance, which contributes to a multiple increase in the stimulating ability in real soils.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in overcoming the disadvantages inherent in analogs and the prototype, by creating a complex preparation that provides an increase in the stimulating effect of phytohormones missing in seeds during pre-sowing treatment of difficult-stimulated spring wheat seeds by reducing the supply of allelotoxins from soils to seeds, reducing inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins and activation of the action of phytohormones contained in a balanced concentration, polyethylene glycol, calcium bentonite, humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast.

On the one hand, the independent influence of such phytohormones as heteroauxin and salts of gibberellic acids, as well as 6-benzylaminopurine and polyethylene glycol on seed growth is known, on the other hand, the use of these active substances as growth stimulants in seed treatment on an industrial scale (semi-dry method) does not give the expected effect. Thus, known preparations based on gibberellins and polyethylene glycol are not applicable for industrial use in a semi-dry way, which is the problem solved by the claimed invention.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to increase the stimulating ability of drugs for pre-sowing treatment of difficult-to-stimulate seeds by a semi-dry method, which is reflected in the acceleration of the germination of spring wheat seeds and the development of their seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium or sodium humate and brewer's yeast autolysate, according to the technical solution, additionally contains calcium bentonite, polyethylene glycol, 3-indoleacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine, and is a bentonite-humate complex with phytohormones in the form of an aqueous suspension containing these components in the following concentration:

3-indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin) 20-25 mg / l,

gibberellins (salts of gibberellic acids) 250-350 mg / l,

6-benzylaminopurine 6-12 mg / l,

humate 8-12 g / l,

calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l,

autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l,

polyethylene glycol 250-350 mg / l.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the preparation, characterized by the stated ranges of component concentrations, provides the activation of phytohormones provided by the use of gibberellins, heteroauxin and 6-benzylaminopurine, polyethylene glycol, calcium bentonite, humate and autolysate of brewer's yeast with a decrease in the intake of allelotoxins from soils into seeds due to the formation of a bentonite-humate complex. This leads to a decrease in the inhibition of seed germination by soil allelotoxins. To do this, when creating a drug, calcium bentonite with humate and PEG is added to phytohormones (gibberellins and heteroauxin), and APD is additionally introduced in the stated concentrations. When humic substances (humates) interact with bentonite, bentonite-humate complexes are formed, which have a much higher sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (for example, pesticides), which fix allelotoxins from soils, preventing them from entering the seeds and inhibiting their development. That is, the introduction of calcium bentonite into the preparation significantly enhances the absorption of allelotoxins from the soil by the preparation, reducing their amount entering the seeds. The effect of absorption of allelotoxins increases even more when a nonionic surfactant, PEG, is introduced into the preparation, which disaggregates montmorillonite particles contained in bentonite and increases their active surface and sorption capacity. This reduces the inhibitory effect of allelotoxins on seeds and allows better manifestation of the stimulating ability of phytohormones that limit seed development. By introducing APD into the preparation, they block the active centers of the humus-bentonite (bentonite-humate) complex, which are capable of absorbing biologically active substances from the soil, which have a positive effect on the development of seeds. This makes it possible to achieve high efficiency in stimulating the development of difficult-to-stimulate spring wheat seeds when they are treated with a semi-dry method, which is unattainable with the known applications of gibberellins. In real production conditions, the use of stimulants for the development of seeds of grain crops, there is no alternative to semi-dry seed treatment due to the high productivity of this method, which allows for a short sowing period to process seeds for sowing on large areas of real farms.

The concentration intervals were selected, in which the drug acts most effectively. It was revealed that at certain ratios "calcium bentonite - humate", a bentonite-humate complex appears, which has the maximum sorption capacity in relation to organic substances (allelotoxins).

To ensure a balanced amount of bentonite-humate complex in the preparation empirically determined and checked the boundaries of the range of its concentration. The value of the lower boundaries of the intervals of calcium bentonite and humate is due to the ability of the bentonite-humate complex to effectively absorb and fix allelotoxins entering the seeds from the soil, and the upper limit is due to the fact that the amount of biologically active substances from soils that can stimulate the development of seeds is fixed on the sorbent in the minimum degree.

For APD, the selected lower limit of the concentration range is associated with the need for additional blocking of the active centers of the sorbent capable of fixing stimulating biologically active substances from soils, and the upper limit is due to the displacement of allelotoxins from soils by stimulating biologically active substances and an increase in their amount entering the seeds, which leads to an increase in inhibiting seed development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that this process is superimposed on the intake of substances from the APD into the seeds that stimulate the development of seeds (for example, vitamins).

For PEG, which is a nonionic surfactant, the selected concentration ranges characterize the optima of disaggregation of montmorillonite contained in bentonite, an increase in its sorption capacity, and the appearance of bentonite-humate complexes that prevent the penetration of allelotoxins from soils into seeds.

For gibberellin, 6-benzylaminopurine heteroauxin, which are plant growth hormones, the selected range of values is due to the presence of their optimal balanced concentrations in seeds (plants), at which biochemical reactions proceed with maximum speed, taking into account the fact that part of gibberellin, heteroauxin and 6-benzylaminopurine will be fixed on the bentonite-humate complex during the preparation of the claimed preparation. Moreover, on some varieties of spring wheat seeds, each of these phytohormones included in the composition of the claimed preparation, separately, does not have a stimulating effect at all. For effective stimulation of such varieties, it is especially necessary that gibberellin and heteroauxin are in a certain ratio.

Implementation of the invention

Further description of the essence of the invention is made using examples of specific implementation.

The experiments were carried out on difficult-to-stimulate seeds of spring wheat variety "Agata" on sod-podzolic soil from the vicinity of the Yakhroma river floodplain with a moisture content of 18.1%.

To assess the effectiveness of a particular drug, a technique was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of seedlings of large seed arrays and their bulk volume in water, disclosed, for example, in RF patent No. 2683504. The known method for evaluating the stimulating activity of drugs-stimulants allows processing large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seedlings determines their bulk volume. The longer the seedlings are, the greater the bulk of the germinated seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of germinated seeds characterizes the total length of their seedlings and makes it possible to compare germinated seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

To estimate the length of seedlings for each experimental batch of seeds, the following steps were performed. 30 g of soil was placed on the bottom of a dish with a diameter of 95 mm, then 7.5 g of seeds (untreated, control, or treated with a modified preparation) were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of soil was placed on top. After that, water was evenly added to the dish from a measuring pipette. A sixfold repetition was used with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

The seeds germinated in the soil were washed from the substrate and placed in portions into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table vibrating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of the germinated seeds in a cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber plug was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to the compaction of the structure. After placing all the germinated seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was carried out by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly homogeneous structure, and the lower boundary of the load made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

Before conducting experiments to determine the stimulation of seed development by preparations, the optimal initial soil moisture was determined, at which the tests were carried out. For this, according to the method described above, the amount of water added to the soil was determined, which would provide the maximum total length of seedlings of untreated seeds for 2 days. The optimum amount of water added to the soil was 9 g.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed preparation, several groups of control and test samples of preparations were prepared, with which the corresponding weighed portions of seeds were treated and the length of the seedlings was determined in each case by the method indicated above. Germination of seeds in all cases was carried out for 2 days under identical conditions.

Group 1 - seeds without treatment (for two days, the total length of seedlings was 6000 mm).

Group 2 - seeds treated with an aqueous solution of the "Buton" preparation, produced by LLC "PSK Technoexport" (Russia), containing sodium salts of gibberellic acids in an amount of 20 g / kg. The concentration of the solution was 35 mg / l. Seeds were treated with a solution of the drug in a semi-dry way with a solution flow rate of 40 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5%.

Group 3 - seeds treated with a complex preparation made in accordance with patent No. 2625957. The concentration of the solution was: autolysate of brewer's yeast - 100 g / l; humate - 10 g / l; gibberellins - 320 mg / l. Solution consumption 20 liters per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5%.

Group 4 - seeds treated with a solution of a concentration of 300 mg / l of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000. Consumption of a solution of 40 l per ton of seeds. The effect of stimulation along the total length of seedlings of 7.5 g of seeds growing in sod-podzolic soil did not exceed 5%.

Group 5 - seeds treated with drugs of the claimed composition.

It should be noted that the treatment of seeds with solutions of 3-indoleacetic acid with a concentration of 5-100 mg / l did not have a significant stimulating effect on their development.

To obtain the claimed composition used:

potassium (sodium) humate, produced by LLC NVC "Agrotechnology" from brown coal;

calcium bentonite according to OST 18-49-71;

autolysate of brewer's yeast (APD), produced by the industry for use as an additive to livestock feed, produced by Biotech plus LLC (Russia);

gibberellin 90% produced in China;

3-indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), manufactured in China;

6-benzylaminopurine made in China;

polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG-400).

From these components, aqueous suspensions of the required concentrations were prepared by adding water, solutions of polyethylene glycol (with a concentration of 2 g / L), gibberellin (with a concentration of 2 g / L), 3-indolylacetic acid (with a concentration of 200 mg / L), to the necessary weighed portions of dry preparations, 6- benzylaminopurine (concentration 60 mg / l) and carrying out simple stirring. Then, the wheat seeds were treated with the prepared solutions (suspensions) in a semi-dry way with the consumption of the drug solution 40 liters per ton of seeds.

The magnitude of stimulation during treatment of seeds with preparations was also determined by the length of seedlings grown in 2 days in comparison with untreated seeds, expressing an increase in the length of seedlings as a percentage.

Table 1

Drugs Characteristics of preparations and processing methods Concentration Solution consumption,
l / t Change in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds,% Calcium bentonite,
g / l Humate,
g / l ADF,
g / l Gibberellin,
mg / l PEG,
mg / l 3-IUK,
mg / l 6-BAP,
mg / l Group 2 - - - 35 - - - twenty 5 < Group 3 - 10 100 320 - - - twenty 5 < Group 4 - - - - 300 - - 40 5 < Various variants of the claimed drug (Group 5) 40 10 12 300 300 - - 40 5 < 40 10 12 200 300 22 - 17 40 10 12 250 300 22 - twenty 40 10 12 300 300 22 - twenty 40 10 12 350 300 22 - twenty 40 10 12 400 300 22 - 17 40 10 12 300 300 fifteen - fifteen 40 10 12 300 300 twenty - twenty 40 10 12 300 300 22 - twenty 40 10 12 300 300 25 - twenty 40 10 12 300 300 thirty - 12 thirty 10 12 300 300 22 - fifteen 35 10 12 300 300 22 - twenty 45 10 12 300 300 22 - twenty fifty 10 12 300 300 22 - 17 40 10 12 300 200 22 - sixteen 40 10 12 300 250 22 - twenty 40 10 12 300 350 22 - twenty 40 10 12 300 400 22 - 17 40 6 12 300 300 22 - 17 40 eight 12 300 300 22 - twenty 40 12 12 300 300 22 - twenty 40 fourteen 12 300 300 22 - 18 40 10 eight 300 300 22 - nineteen 40 10 10 300 300 22 - twenty 40 10 fourteen 300 300 22 - twenty 40 10 sixteen 300 300 22 - 18 40 10 12 300 300 22 five 21 40 10 12 300 300 22 eight 25 40 10 12 300 300 22 10 25 40 10 12 300 300 22 12 25 40 10 12 300 300 22 fifteen 22

From the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal processing parameters are: suspension with humate concentrations of 8-12 g / l, bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, gibberellin 250-350 mg / l, polyethylene glycol 250 -350 mg / l, 3-IAA 20-25 mg / l, 6-benzylaminopurine 8-12 mg / l.

It follows from the table that the composition with the given concentrations of the constituent components (taking into account their variability within the stated concentrations) provides a noticeable increase in the length of seedlings in relation to untreated seeds of group 1, which indicates the effectiveness of stimulation in accordance with the selected assessment method. Going beyond the declared concentration intervals of the suspension components leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of drugs.

Thus, the proposed invention can significantly increase the efficiency of stimulating treatment of difficult-to-stimulate spring wheat seeds from 5 to 25%.

Claims (8)

A complex preparation for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by a semi-dry method, including salts of gibberellic acids (gibberellins), potassium or sodium humate and brewer's yeast autolysate, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium bentonite, aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 400 (PEG-400) concentration 2 g / l, benzylaminopurine with a concentration of 60 mg / l and 3-indoleacetic acid with a concentration of 200 mg / l, as gibberellins it contains an aqueous solution of gibberellins with a concentration of 2 g / l and is a bentonite-humate complex with phytohormones in the form of an aqueous suspension, including the specified components in the following concentration: an aqueous solution of 3-indoleacetic acid 20-25 mg / l, aqueous solution of gibberellin 250-350 mg / l, an aqueous solution of 6-benzylaminopurine 6-12 mg / l, humate 8-12 g / l, calcium bentonite 35-45 g / l, autolysate of brewer's yeast 10-14 g / l, an aqueous solution of PEG-400 250-350 mg / l.