RU2707529C1 - Eastern white cedar reproduction method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention represents a method for eastern white cedar reproduction by self-sowing method on backyard area. Container with soil in autumn is placed under lower branches of mother tree thuja and left for entire winter period, then in spring this capacity is extracted from under branches of mother tree and exposed to sunny place, with watering performed two or three times a week.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase survival rate and quality of eastern white cedar sprouts.

1 cl, 7 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The method of propagation of thuja western belongs to the field of crop production, and can be applied when propagating in a personal plot.

Thuja is a monoecious tree or shrub with a compact crown, red-brown bark, and scaly needles (1,2). Interestingly, there is a "flowering" or "dusting" of the plant. Its flowers (spikelets) are divided into female - yellow-green bud-shaped - in the upper part of the crown and male - brown-yellow, rounded - in the lower part of the tree. In Central Russia, the thuja western dusts at the end of April - May, after which oval cones form. Small cones (0.8-1 cm), of 3-5 pairs of thin scales, ripen in the autumn every year. Thuja is winter-resistant and shade-tolerant, but develops better in good light. The tree grows slowly. Minimum temperature: - 36 ° C, root depth: at least 76 cm. There is no toxicity to surrounding plants and animals. In natural conditions, thuja is undemanding to soil fertility and tolerates dryness well. An important property of it is its resistance to smoke and gases. Natural reproduction of arborvitae outside the range of its growth is not described in the available literature.

It is known from the source Pashkevich V.I. Western thuja // Garden and vegetable garden. 1957.- No. 7.- P. 48, the method of propagation of thuja by seeds. Seeds are harvested in late summer or early fall. Cones are collected before they open and dried. After 2-3 days, small brown seeds begin to spill out of the cone. Fresh seeds are sown in a box with soil (1 part of turf land, 2 parts of peat and 0.5 parts of sand) in grooves, sprinkled with a layer of soil 1 cm thick and watered. The box is put in partial shade. When planting a plant, it is recommended to take into account that thuja is moisture-loving and shade-tolerant. Optimum conditions for thuja growth: soil pH: 5.2-7, precipitation range: 890-1400 mm per year, planting density: 750-3000 per hectare. Thuja is undemanding to the soil structure, but prefers fresh, fertile soils. It grows well on soils containing nitrogen, peat, sand. It does not tolerate soil salinization.

The disadvantage of this method is that seed propagation is a very painstaking and long way, which takes several years.

Known from the source of Sokolov A.I. Reproduction of juniper and Western arborvitae // Floriculture, 2000. -№ 1. - P. 11, the method of propagation of arborvitae by cuttings. Cuttings are harvested at the end of April or mid-June, for this purpose branches 30-40 cm long are taken from young healthy thuja with a piece of bark (“five”). Cuttings are buried in the prepared soil by 2-3 cm. Cuttings grow faster with cuttings.

The disadvantage of this method is that the rooting of the stem cuttings of thuja western is very low. That is why, so far, the issue of propagation of conifers in practice remains poorly understood. Coniferous plant nurseries in Russia practically do not reproduce plants, but simply grow planting material in containers with a closed root system.

The present invention is directed to the development of a method of propagation of arborvitae by the Western method of self-seeding in a personal plot.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of reproduction of the western arborvitae is carried out as follows, a container with soil is placed in the autumn under the lower branches of the arborvitae tree, and left for the entire winter period, then in the spring this container is removed from under the branches of the mother tree and exposed to sunny place, while watering is carried out two to three times a week. Under ordinary conditions, under the branches of the thuja there is a thick layer of old needles, which prevents the contact of seeds with the ground and their germination. A uterine tree, a 20-year-old thuja, 6 m high, was used to conduct the study. The tree is pyramidal in shape, the trunk is covered with red-brown bark. The needles have a strong, specific aroma. As can be seen in the illustration (Fig. 1), the plants are scaly, crosswise opposite leaves, oval cones with 2-4 pairs of scales, seeds are flat with two narrow wings. According to botanical characteristics, the uterine thuja belongs to the species - Western thuja. In the fall, in September and October, before frosts, containers in the form of pots with a depth of 15 - 20 cm with universal garden soil, the acidity of which is not less than 5.5 pH, are placed under the lower branches of the arborvitae and left for the entire winter period. In the spring, in April, the containers are removed from under the branches of the mother tree and put out not at half-shade, as is usually recommended, but in a sunny place. During the entire growing time, soil and nutrients are not added to the pots. Watering was carried out in a natural way 1 time per week. Thus, conditions are created for the arborvitae as close as possible to natural conditions. Seeds from a tree in a natural way, during the fall, fall into the soil of the container. In winter, seeds that have fallen into the ground are covered by the lower branches of the thuja, which is as close as possible to the natural conditions for the survival of the seeds. Thuja sprouts grown under the branches of a uterine plant are characterized by good survival and quality. As an experiment, the same containers in the form of pots, for five years, in the fall were installed under the lower branches of the tree, as a result of which there were sprouts of different ages. The growth results of the sprouts are shown in table No. 1 and are illustrated in the images where, on

figure 1 shows a sprig of uterine thuja western, in figure 2 sprouts of thuja (left to right) the first sprout of 1 year, from second to fourth 2 years, in figure 3 sprouts of thuja 3 years, in figure 4 sprout of thuja of the fifth year, in figure 5 sprout thuja of the fourth year, in figure 6 the root system of the thuja sprout of the fourth year, figure 7 shows a diagram reflecting the average growth of thuja sprouts over 5 years of observation.

Table number 1

No.
Object of observation Year of observation, years Plant height to the root neck, cm The length of the root of the plant, cm one one 2.5 3 2
3 2 4
5.5 6
7.5 4
5
6 3 10
eleven
fifteen nine
10
eleven 7 4 27 14 8 5 fifty 14

As can be seen from table No. 1, the height of the sprouts increased on average 2 times in the first year, 3 times in the second, 2 times in 3 and 4 years of growth. The root length increased over 3 years, reaching its maximum of 14 cm, which is associated with the depth of capacity and a decrease in the volume of land over the observed period. If the sprouts of the first year did not survive, then starting from the second year, the plant took root much better. Plants 3-4 years had a strong root. Figure 2-6 shows the characteristics of thuja sprouts of different ages. The figure 6 shows the root of the thuja at the age of four years. The figure 7 shows the growth of thuja sprouts over the observation period from 2014 to 2018. To clarify the effect on the growth of plants of different ages in one container in the form of a pot, an analysis was made of the growth of plants in pots with different densities of sprouts. The result of the analysis is summarized in table 2. In those containers where the number of plants was greater, a slowdown in the growth of all parts of plants was observed. In the container with the tallest plant 50 cm high, the younger shoots were significantly lower than in other containers.

Table No. 2 Comparative characteristics of plant height and root length depending on the number of plants in the tank

Tank number Number of sprouts Plant height 2 years, cm The root length of the plant is 2 years, cm one 2 5.5 7.5 2 4 4 6

As a result of the observation, it can be concluded that the lack of volume and quality of soil in the pot does not affect the survival of thuja sprouts, but reduces their growth.

Claims (1)

The method of propagation of the western arborvitae is as follows: a container with soil is placed in the autumn under the lower branches of the arborvitae tree and left for the entire winter period, then in the spring this container is removed from under the branches of the mother tree and placed in a sunny place, while watering is carried out two to three times in Week.

Images