RU2698183C2 - Pea seed cultivation method using nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of crumb rubber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method involves pea sowing using long-acting nitrogen fertilizer based on rubber crumb which is also a water-retaining component in soil. Fertilizer is introduced 5–7 days before sowing, application rate is 200–300 kg/ha.EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase efficiency of cultivation of planting peas due to optimal nitrogen nutrition and availability of plants moisture during vegetation.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing peas.

The most common nitrogen fertilizers are urea and ammonium nitrate, which are water-soluble salts.

However, conventional readily soluble nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium salts are quickly lost in the environment. The utilization of nitrogen from soluble nitrogen fertilizers for most crops does not exceed 60%, and most of them are nitrified by soil microorganisms and washed into groundwater. More effective - long-acting fertilizers are granules of nitrogen-containing compounds coated with various films (polymer, glass, mineral, etc.) [1-3]. However, the shells remaining in the soil after the release of nutrients decompose slowly, and the cost of such fertilizers is much higher than ordinary salts.

American developers have proposed the use of treated rubber crumb as a long-acting nitrogen fertilizer [4]. This fertilizer is a black porous granules, the pores of which are filled with salt content of ammonium chloride.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a method of sowing peas (RU 97102848 A, 02.27.1999).

The disadvantage of this solution is that water-holding measures are not provided.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that it is proposed to use long-acting nitrogen fertilizer based on rubber crumb as the main nitrogen fertilizer, which is recommended to be applied 5-7 days before sowing, the application rate of 200-300 kg / ha.

Example. Evaluation of the method was carried out using vegetation experiments with peas of the variety Velvet in 2014-2015.

For the soil crops of the vegetation experiment, sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Perm Territory, Perm District) was selected from the depth of the arable horizon. The soil was characterized by the following agrochemical indicators: C _org - 2.3%; pH _KCl - 5.5; pH _aq . - 6.8; Ng - 2.7 mEq / 100 g of soil; the content of mobile phosphorus 112 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium - 130 mg / kg of soil (in extract according to Kirsanov). The experimental design provided a comparative assessment of the effect of the obtained nitrogen fertilizer with ammonium sulfate (a detailed scheme is presented in Table 1). Of the background fertilizers, double superphosphate, potassium chloride, was used. The experiment was carried out according to the standard method described by Z.I. Zhurbitsky [5]. Repeat four options.

During the experiment, Mitcherlich vessels with a capacity of 6 kg of air-dried soil were used. Peas were sown on 20 seedlings per vessel, left after thinning seedlings of 15 plants. The care of crops included weeding and watering plants. Humidity was maintained at 60% of the total soil moisture capacity.

To study the aftereffect of fertilizer, the next year they sowed into the vessels remaining after harvesting the plants. Fertilizers were not additionally applied, since a fairly good phosphorus-potassium background was created for the crop. Pea productivity in 2014 was taken into account on the 46th day of vegetation, and in 2015 in the phase of full ripeness.

As a result of vegetation experiments, the following yield data of peas were obtained (Table 1-2).

The increase in the green mass of peas was 31.3 g / vessel compared to the background option and 10.4 g / vessel compared to option 3. Taking into account the dry matter content in the resulting biomass, the differences between the options remain. Pea plants of variant 2 had a more saturated leaf color and were longer than the other studied variants.

As a result of the growing experiment in 2015, the following data were obtained on the yield of sowing peas (Table 2). According to the results of statistical data processing, some significant differences in the experimental options can be noted.

Patterns of pea productivity noted in 2014 during harvesting on the green mass remained. The increase in the mass of the sheaf when making the treated rubber crumb relative to the variant with ammonium sulfate was 39 g / vessel, and relative to the background version by 49 g / vessel. There is also a tendency towards an increase in the mass of grain from the vessel and the mass of 1000 grains in option 2 compared to the background and option 3. The number of grains in all the investigated variants was almost the same.

Thus, a positive effect of the treated rubber crumb on the productivity of Velvet peas was noted, the plants had a more developed biomass, higher productivity and length.

1. Pat. 2355635 Russian Federation, PMK С01С 1/18. A method of obtaining a waterproof ammonia nitrate / Sopin V.F. [and etc.]; Applicant and patent holder Kazan, scientific - research. Institute of Chem. products. - No. 2007123796/15; declared 06/26/2007; publ. 05/20/2009, bull. Number 14.

2. Pat. 2163587 Russian Federation, PMK C05G 1, С05С 9. Long-acting glass fertilizers / Zarogatsky L.P. [and etc.]; applicants and patent holders Karapetyan G.O., Limbakh I.Yu. - No. 99119747/12; declared 09/02/1999; publ. 02/27/2001, Bull. No. 6.

3. Pat. 2096395 Russian Federation, PMK C05G 3 Method for the production of delayed-action nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers / Chupakhin A.A. [and etc.]; Applicant and patent holder Open Joint Stock Company “Mineral Fertilizers”. - No. 96114594/25; declared 07/15/1996; publ. 11/20/1997.

4. Pat. WO 2014/008373 A1 United States, PMC C08J 11. Manufacturing of nitrogen-containing materials / Oliferenko A., Applicant and Patent Holder GESTALT CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, INC. - No. PCT / US2013 / 049284; declared 07/03/2013; publ. 01/09/2014. - 30 s.

5. Zhurbitsky Z.I. Theory and practice of the vegetative method. - M .: Nauka, 1968 .-- 266 p.

Claims (1)

A method of growing peas, including sowing, characterized in that a long-acting fertilizer based on rubber crumb, which is also a moisture-retaining component in the soil, with a spread rate of 200-300 kg / ha 5-7 days before sowing, is used as nitrogen fertilizer.