RU2663302C1 - Organomineral fertilizer based on flax shive and urea - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Organomineral fertilizer based on flax shive with urea contains, as an organic substance, flax and mineral substance, and as a mineral substance it contains urea and is a powder mixture. All components are taken at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain high yields using the proposed OMF (organomineral fertilizer) in agriculture when growing vegetable crops.

3 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

Organomineral fertilizer based on flax bonfire with urea

The invention relates to the field of recycling flax bonfires by obtaining organic fertilizer (WMD) and its use in agriculture.

In the work Vasko A.S. Efficiency of using composts based on semi-liquid manure, straw, peat and flax bonfires on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. - Abstract. Cand. S.-kh. sciences, Minsk, 1998. [1] flax bonfire was used to make composts based on litter, bonfire and peat with a ratio of components: litter: bonfire: peat = 1: 0.125: 0.15.

Known organomineral complex from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2415830, C05G 1/02, C05G 1/08, C05D 3/02, publ. 04/10/2011 [2].

The organomineral complex contains organic matter, chalk, phosphate rock, mineral fertilizer. As an organic substance, it contains a flax bonfire in the following ratio of components, wt.% On dry matter: flax bonfire - 96.43-98.94; chalk - 0.25-0.75; phosphorite flour - 0.20-1.00; mineral fertilizer - 0.61-1.82. As a mineral fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and 5-aqueous copper sulfate are used with a ratio of mass%, respectively: 0.3-0.8: 0.3-1.0: 0.01-0.02. The use of the organomineral complex allows increasing plant productivity, expanding the range of fertile mixtures and disposing of flax production waste.

The main disadvantages of the known organomineral complex are that during the mixing and composting of the fertilizer components, there is no significant change in the properties, transformation and mineralization of the organic matter of the campfire and relatively low biological activity when growing plants due to the low content of biologically active substances.

The technical problem of the invention is the development of organic fertilizer based on flax bonfire with urea.

The technical result of the proposed organic fertilizer based on flax bonfires with urea is to obtain high yields when using the proposed WMD in agriculture for growing vegetable crops.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the organomineral fertilizer contains an organic substance - flax bonfire - and a mineral substance, while it contains urea as a mineral substance and is a powder mixture in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

urea 0.5-1.5

water 5-35

flax bonfire rest

To obtain organic fertilizer use a 2-6% aqueous solution of urea. To obtain WMD, use a flax bonfire with a natural moisture content of 5-10%.

The inventive organic mineral fertilizer contains a flax bonfire as a biological organic base, which provides a significant increase in the vegetative mass of vegetable seedlings.

To obtain WMD, aqueous urea solutions with a concentration of 2-6% containing the declared amount of urea are used. The rationale for the use of a urea solution in WMDs based on flax bonfire is the ability of moist urea to decompose under the influence of urobacteria and secrete ammonia, which ensures the flow of ammonia of the flax bonfire organic matter, increase the content of water-soluble organic matter, humic, amino acids in it, which increase their stimulating properties the effectiveness of the use of WMD in the cultivation of various crops, in particular vegetables.

When using an aqueous solution of urea with a concentration of 2-6%, the content of ammonium nitrogen increases by 3.7-8.7 times due to the decomposition of urea and the release of ammonia nitrogen from it. In addition, due to the process of ammonization of flax bonfire by urea ammonia, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by 1.7-2.8 times due to the mineralization of phosphorus-containing organic matter, bonfire, potassium - by 3.0-6.7% due to metabolic processes.

To obtain WMD, use a flax bonfire with a natural moisture content of 5-10%. The proposed WMD is obtained by mixing flax bonfire ground to a powder state with an aqueous solution of urea at a concentration of 2-6% by uniformly spraying flax bonfire in layers and then thoroughly mixing the components. Next, the resulting mixture of flax fires with an aqueous solution of urea is placed in plastic bags or a small bead is formed, which is covered with a film to protect it from drying out and for the subsequent composting process. The optimal composting time for a mixture of flax bonfire with an aqueous solution of urea is 1 month. After this composting time, the content of ammonia nitrogen in WMD reaches its maximum value, see table 1.

Examples of organic fertilizer.

To obtain WMD with a content of 1.5 wt.% Urea (WMD – 1.5 wt.% Urea), 75.0 kg of flax bonfires and 25 l of a 6% aqueous urea are taken.

To obtain WMD with a content of 1.0 wt.% Urea (WMD – 1.0 wt.% Urea), 75.0 kg of flax fires of 25 l of a 4% aqueous urea are taken.

To obtain WMD with a content of 0.5 wt.% Urea (WMD – 0.5 wt.% Urea), 75.0 kg of flax fires of 25 l of a 2% aqueous solution of urea are taken.

Further, to obtain the indicated WMD compositions, the above operations are carried out: spraying, mixing and composting flax fires with an appropriate aqueous urea solution.

The content of mobile forms of food elements in WMD based on flax fires with an aqueous solution of urea are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Indicators The content of mobile forms of nutrients, mg / 100 g a.s. Flax bonfire OMU-0.5 wt.% Urea OMU-1.0 wt.% Urea OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea 1 month of composting organic fertilizer based on flax bonfires with an aqueous solution of urea Ammonium nitrogen 59.6 524.3 359.7 223.0 43.0 Mobile phosphorus 55.8 128.8 94.5 100.0 112.9 Exchange potassium 370.9 393.1 381.2 382.4 351.4 pH salt 6.1 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.0 2 months of composting organic fertilizer based on flax bonfires with an aqueous solution of urea Ammonium nitrogen Not def. 438.1 315.2 224.5 45.9 Mobile phosphorus Not def. 112.9 95.3 156.5 112.0 Exchange potassium Not def. 390.3 379.5 395.2 320 pH salt 6.1 8.0 8.1 7.6 6.4 3 months of composting organic fertilizer based on flax bonfire with an aqueous solution of urea Ammonium nitrogen Not def. 358.8 267.8 204.3 42,2 Mobile phosphorus Not def. 113.8 105.9 155.2 105,2 Exchange potassium Not def. 365.3 362.6 352.9 pH salt 6.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 6.4

For each composition of WMD, the most effective application doses were established for growing seedlings of vegetable crops.

The proposed WMD compositions based on flax bonfire with urea provide a significant increase in biometric indicators and the vegetative mass of cucumber and tomato seedlings: up to 200-300% of the control variant.

The agrochemical properties of 4 WMD compositions based on flax bonfire with urea are shown in Table 2.

table 2

WMD compositions Agrochemical properties of WMD OMU-1.5 wt.% * Urea gross forms: nitrogen -1.22%, phosphorus - 0.13%, potassium - 0.25%, mobile: ammonia nitrogen - 43 mg / kg dry matter (d.v.), nitrate nitrogen - 5.2 mg / kg s.v., mobile phosphorus - 113 mg / kg s.v., exchange potassium - 351 mg / kg s.v., reaction of the medium - 6.4 units. pH OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea gross forms of nutrients: nitrogen -1.26%, phosphorus - 0.16%, potassium - 0.30%, mobile forms of nutrients: ammonia nitrogen - 524 mg / kg dry matter (r.v.), nitrate nitrogen - 10.8 mg / kg s.v., mobile phosphorus - 129 mg / kg s.v., exchange potassium - 393 mg / kg s.v., medium reaction - 8.1 units. pH OMU-1.0 wt.% Urea gross forms: nitrogen -1.38%, phosphorus - 0.15%, potassium - 0.31%, mobile: ammonia nitrogen - 360 mg / kg dry matter, nitrate nitrogen - 6.8 mg / kg d.v., mobile phosphorus - 94 mg / kg s.v., exchange potassium - 381 mg / kg s.v., medium reaction - 8.0 units. pH OMU-0.5 wt.% Urea gross forms: nitrogen -1.06%, phosphorus - 0.19%, potassium - 0.28%, mobile: ammonia nitrogen - 223 mg / kg dry matter (d.v.), nitrate nitrogen - 7.4 mg / kg s.v., mobile phosphorus - 156 mg / kg s.v., exchange potassium - 396 mg / kg s.v., medium reaction - 8.0 units. pH

In OMU-1.5 wt.% * Urea (when mixing a flax bonfire with dry urea), no increase in ammonium nitrogen was detected, since urea does not decompose in dry form at room temperature.

For each WMD composition under the conditions of growing experiments, the most effective doses of application to the soil were determined.

Biometric indicators of seedlings of cucumber and tomato when applied to the ground.

Table 3 shows the data on the effect of the dose of organic fertilizer composition OMU-0.5 wt.% And OMU-1.0 wt.% On the vegetative mass of seedlings of cucumber.

Table 3

Experience option The dose of WMD, t / ha Dry vegetative mass of 1 cucumber plant The effect of OMU-0.5 wt.% Urea The effect of OMU-1.0 wt.% Urea mg % mg % one - 436.4 one hundred 1372.8 one hundred 2 one 338.4 78 1328.7 97 3 2,5 822.7 189 1325.7 97 four 5 398.7 91 1390.8 101 5 10 373.0 85 1248.8 91 6 fifteen - - 1296.5 94 7 twenty 1213.1 278 1379.2 one hundred 8 25 954.0 219 1353.5 99 9 thirty 1216.9 279 1,098.0 80 10 35 1003.0 230 887.2 65

The maximum increase in the vegetative mass of cucumber seedlings was provided by doses of 20-35 t / ha OMU-0.5 wt.% Urea (125 kg / ha of urea, including 58.7 kg / ha of nitrogen): its growth amounted to 119-179% to control option.

The introduction of OMU-1.0 wt.% * Urea (when mixing flax bonfire with dry urea) in the entire studied dose range did not provide an increase in the vegetative mass of cucumber seedlings both at the beginning and at the end of the growing experiment. But when OMU-1.0 mass% of urea was added, a positive effect on the biometric indicators of cucumber seedlings was manifested when 20-35 t / ha (or 2.0-3.5 kg / m ^{2) was} added: the height of the seedlings increased by 9-15 % to the control, the number of leaves - 4%, the number of flowers - 54%, the area of the third leaf - 6%.

Table 4 shows the data on the effect of the dose of organomineral fertilizer composition OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea on the biometric indicators of growth and development of tomato seedlings.

Table 4

Experience option The dose of WMD - 1.5 wt.% Urea, t / ha Height of tomato seedlings Number of leaves cm % PC. % one - 21.43 one hundred 9.33 one hundred 2 one 27.17 127 10.67 114 3 2,5 23.95 112 9.75 105 four 5 31,0 145 10.33 111 5 10 25.5 119 10.00 107 6 fifteen 31,43 147 11.33 121 7 twenty 31.12 145 11.00 118 8 25 33.22 155 10.25 110 9 thirty 32.15 150 10.50 112 10 35 24.32 114 8.50 91

The use of organic fertilizer composition OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea had a positive effect on the growth and development of tomato seedlings in the dose range: 15-30 t / ha (or 1.5-3.0 kg / m²) provided an increase in the height of tomato seedlings up to 55%, the number of leaves up to 25% to the control variant. The maximum dose of OMU fertilizer – 1.5 wt.% Urea (35 t / ha) showed a negative effect on the biometric indicators of growth and development of tomato seedlings.

Thus, the results obtained indicate that organomineral fertilizer composition OMU-1.5 wt.% Urea when growing tomato seedlings can be applied in optimal doses of 15-30 t / ha.

Claims (4)

1. Organomineral fertilizer based on flax bonfire with urea, containing flax bonfire and a mineral substance as an organic substance, characterized in that it contains urea as a mineral substance and is a powder mixture in the following ratio of components, wt.%: urea 0.5-1.5 water 5–35 flax bonfire rest 2. Organomineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that a 2-6% aqueous solution of urea is used to obtain organomineral fertilizer. 3. Organomineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain WMD use a flax bonfire with a natural moisture content of 5-10%.