RU2693342C1 - Operating method of gas generator electric plant and gas generator electric plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to power engineering and can be used in households, farms and industry for burning garbage and wood wastes. Substance of inventions in part of method consists in fact that after loading of initial raw material and before air supply to gas generator, drying of initial raw material is performed by supply of exhaust gases from exhaust system of exhaust gases in internal combustion engine operating on liquid fuel. After ignition of initial raw material, internal combustion engine is switched to operation from gas-generator gas, and to collapse the roof of the initial raw material in the main combustion cavity of the gas generator, a signal is repeatedly sent from the control unit to the drive of back-and-forth movement of the rod. Additionally, gas-generator gas activation and ozonation of air supplied to gas generator are performed. Gas-generating electrical plant, in which the method is realized, comprises a system for preliminary drying of initial material, connected to a bleed pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to an exhaust system of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine, and the engine comprises in the fuel-air mixture supply system an injector operating on the gas-generator gas, and a liquid fuel nozzle connected to the liquid fuel supply system.

EFFECT: technical result is to facilitate the start-up of the plant.

16 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of energy, namely to engines operating on gaseous fuel generated during the incineration of municipal solid waste - MSW.

Production and consumption waste is one of the largest sources of environmental pollution. The annual increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) in our country is more than 30 million tons. This is a powerful renewable fuel resource that can provide huge savings in fossil fuels and provide residential and industrial enterprises with heat and electricity. In this regard, the creation of new enterprises for the disposal and recycling of waste is among the urgent state tasks.

As is known, hydrocarbon fuels are constantly becoming more expensive. In addition, its natural resources are exhaustible and can end in 40 ... 50 years.

In addition, in accordance with Technical Regulations No. 609 “On Requirements for Emissions by Automotive Vehicles Launched in the Territory of the Russian Federation of Harmful (Polluting) Substances”, the Euro-5 environmental class is introduced from January 1, 2014. From now on, all cars entering the territory of Russia must comply with this environmental standard. This applies both to vehicles produced in domestic factories and to all vehicles imported into the country from abroad: new and used; both for personal use and for commercial use.

At present, 5 waste incineration plants are being operated in Russia, the volume of disposal and disposal of solid waste at which is negligible and does not exceed 3% of the total waste (for comparison, there are more than 50 such plants in Germany alone). In this regard, the construction of waste incineration plants with the use of modern technologies that provide for the combination of the fullest use of the energy potential of solid waste with the environmental safety of the process is extremely relevant.

The process of incineration of MSW is accompanied by the formation of a number of toxic compounds: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (II) (CO), dioxins and furans, and some other pollutants. At the same time, as in the case of burning traditional types of organic fuel, nitrogen oxides make the main contribution to the total toxicity of combustion products.

Since the composition of the flue gases of incineration plants is characterized by the diversity of toxic components contained in them, they can be neutralized only when exposed to a set of technological measures, as well as chemical and physico-chemical cleaning methods. Therefore, there is a need to equip waste incineration plants with multi-stage gas cleaning systems that ensure the reduction of the content of various pollutants in the flue gases to the required standards. Moreover, each of the used cleaning technologies, as a rule, is aimed at reducing emissions of one of several types of toxic components formed.

A feature of the process of thermal disposal of MSW is the variable composition of the fuel, resulting in a continuous change in the parameters of combustion. This, in turn, causes significant fluctuations in the concentrations of toxic components in the flue gases and, as a result, insufficiently reliable operation of the cleaning system as a whole.

Constant tightening of the requirements for gas emissions from thermal power plants, which include incinerators, create the prerequisites for creating new cleaning technologies.

The need to develop and apply technologies that provide high efficiency and stable flue gas purification rates generated during the thermal disposal of solid waste of variable composition determined the direction of research, the results of which are given in this invention.

The main task of the invention: the development of a fully automated device for burning garbage and complex cleaning of flue gases generated during the combustion of gas generating gas in an internal combustion engine. Exclusion of the emission of gas-generating gas produced during the incineration of solid household waste into the atmosphere during emergency and off-design conditions.

The most difficult to clean from nitrogen oxides. Particle removal is relatively easy to solve in cyclones and other industrial cleaners.

The most radical means of reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides, both when burning MSW in a gas generator and when burning in cylinders of internal combustion engines, is its afterburning in a catalytic afterburner. This will reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides NOx several times.

Known "Gas generator" according to patent RU №2303050 from 06/29/2006, publ. 20.07.2007, IPC C10J 3/20, F23B 99/00, which contains a combustion chamber with a drying zone and pyrogenic decomposition, with tar combustion zones, regeneration and purification of generator gas, water boiler gas ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, at the same time, the gas generator is additionally equipped with a chimney separator, a gas stabilizer cooler and a generator gas preheating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the cleaning zone eneratornogo gas from entering the regeneration zone and through the air heating chamber with a combustion chamber.

But this device does not provide gas calorific value above 1560 kcal.

Known technical solution of the gasification reactor according to patent RU No. 2360949 "A method for producing synthesis gas and a gasification reactor for its implementation" dated 04.08.2008, publ. July 10, 2009, IPC C10J 3/32, C10J 3/40, C10J 3/68.

A gasification reactor containing a boiler with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged one inside the other, made in the form of annular heat-exchanging jackets, with a flue between them, with a bladed agitator of the raw material and a truncated cone, primary gasification and gas regeneration zones, a burner, a grate for tuyere steam supply to the regeneration zone, a lid and a reversing drive installed on it and a suction pipe with a pipe leveler, with a paddle tedder of the raw material and with tuyeres installed at the free end of the pipe for supplying water vapor from the zone of accumulation of steam to the zone of primary gasification of the raw material.

But this device provides a two-stage production of gas with a calorific value not higher than 1560 kcal, since the burning of the overly produced synthesis gas in the primary gasification combustion zone also contributes to a decrease in gas caloric content, since a large amount of nitrogen is already present in the synthesis gas, and its combustion in this zone causes an increase in the amount of nitrogen, first in the primary gasification zone, and then in the resulting synthesis gas. In addition, the combustion of synthesis gas in the primary zone maintains the combustion temperature of 1500 ° C in order to raise the regeneration zone to the maximum possible synthesis temperature, at the same time, this temperature contributes to the beginning of the formation of NOx in the synthesized gas, and when applying the resulting gas in gas reciprocating power plants or in burners of heating systems, where the combustion temperature exceeds 1,500 ° C, produces additional NOx, which leads to environmental pollution.

Known methods for producing generator gas to power the internal combustion engine according to French patent No. 2455077, IPC C10j 3/20, publ. 25/04/1979, which consists in supplying heat, air, and water vapor to the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, where, as a result of the interaction of the components, a generating gas is formed. The resulting gas is purified from tar and non-combustible impurities and fed into the power supply system of the internal combustion engine.

Installations for the implementation of this method are indicated in the indicated source, which contain a reaction chamber filled with carbon-containing fuel and equipped with inlet devices for supplying heat, air, and water vapor, and a gas cleaning device connected with the engine power supply system at the outlet.

The known method and device for producing gas-generating gas according to US Pat. Of the Russian Federation № IPC C10J 3/32, publ. 07/10/2009

The method of producing synthesis gas provides for the loading of the processed raw materials containing at least solid raw materials into the gasification reactor boiler and promoting it with sequential reversing of the air and gas movement during temperature exposure with the formation of technological zones: the drying zone, the pyrogenic decomposition zone, the primary zone gasification of raw materials with incomplete oxidation of its oxygen in the air and the supply of synthesis gas with thermochemical decomposition of raw materials into inert gas components and image reagent in the form of atomic carbon, a zone of thermal decomposition of resins, a regeneration zone formed by a reagent deposited on the grate when steam is fed into it, and synthesis gas is obtained at the outlet of the synthesis gas and a synthesis gas cooling zone in the boiler flue gas duct, characterized in that the regeneration zone is formed on the grate of the reactor in the form of an open natural bulk cone of reagent causing outside of this zone the formation of a synthesis gas purification zone, ensured by a decrease in its flow rate from the regeneration zone to the free space of the lower part of the reactor boiler up to the soaring speed of solid particles no larger than 70 μm, while a vapor accumulation zone is formed under the reactor lid by loading the processed raw material into the reactor boiler to a controlled level and from this zone steam is produced in the primary gasification zone of the raw material with the production of inert gases and synthesis gas, and in the drying zone of the reactor boiler, the dome of the raw material is collapsed and leveled, and in the pyrogenic decomposition zone of the raw material it is produced Intensive loosening with ensuring gas permeability and moving from top to bottom by its reverse and direct mechanical movement, and in the zone of primary gasification of the raw material, its arching is mechanically collapsed and the synthesis gas is supplied together with air, and the synthesis gas is cooled to the temperature corresponding to the beginning condensation of the resins, when it is twisted in the flue around the axis of the reactor boiler, and air, steam and synthesis gas are supplied to the process zones of the reactor in bulk portions STI on the chemical composition of raw materials.

Disadvantage: the process of synthesis of gas-generating gas is not fully automated.

The known method and device for producing synthesis gas in US Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2482164, IPC C10J 3/20, publ. 05.20.2013

The gasification reactor contains a boiler with a lid, with two inner and outer housings arranged concentrically one inside the other, made in the form of annular heat exchange shirts, a flue between them, a blade agitator of the raw material, a truncated cone, a zone of primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner. The reactor is additionally equipped with a bottom turning system, with a blade agitator, located in a truncated cone, fixed in the housing tightly, with heat-removing water rods located in the duct, a zone of methane synthesis located at the inlet to the duct. The burner nozzle is located in the hermetic cavity between the walls of the cone and its body. The reactor is covered with heat-insulating materials from the outside, and the inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with heat-insulating materials

A method is known for producing generator gas for powering the internal combustion engine and an installation for its implementation according to A St. USSR No. 1325173, IPC F02D 43/08, publ. 07.23.1983

The method consists in supplying heat, air, water vapor and part of the engine exhaust gases to the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel and discharging the generator gas previously purified from impurities into the engine. In the process of interaction of the component in the reaction chamber create a vacuum, and the flow of the generator gas into the engine produced through an intermediate tank.

The gas generator set includes an engine, the gas outlet line of which is connected through calibrated holes to the inlet of a reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, equipped with a heating device and a water evaporator, and the power line is connected to the outlet of the reaction chamber. A cleaner-cooler, a vacuum pump and an intermediate tank with a supply valve are installed on the engine supply line in series along the generator gas.

In this method and device, the complete utilization of engine exhaust gases is not provided: only a small part of them is used in the process of gasification of fuel, the rest is emitted into the atmosphere. The lack of complete utilization of waste gases leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the method for producing the generating gas and the device for its production.

Known gas generator unit with an internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention №2099553, IPC F02B 43/08, publ. 12.20.1997, the prototype.

This installation contains a gas generator in which the gas outlet line is connected through a filter and a gas generating gas heat exchanger with a coolant circuit, the output from the heat exchanger is connected to the entrance to the air-fuel mixture of the internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator,

Disadvantages: relatively low efficiency of the internal combustion engine due to the low caloric value of the generator gas, the lack of automation and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The task of creating a group of the invention the acceleration of the combustion process of the feedstock of high humidity. while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.

Achieved technical results: ensuring the combustion process of raw materials of high humidity, while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.

The solution of these problems is achieved in the method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation, including loading the raw materials and supplying air to the gas generator, igniting the raw materials and supplying the gas generator gas to the internal combustion engine to which the electric generator is connected to generate electricity, exhausting gases from the exhaust system internal combustion engine after its pre-treatment in a catalytic afterburner, the fact that after loading the raw materials and d air feed to the gasifier produces drying feedstock by feeding exhaust gases from the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. working on liquid fuel, and after ignition of the feedstock, the internal combustion engine is switched to work from gas-generating gas. and for the collapse of the set of raw materials, periodically a signal is sent from the control unit to the reciprocating drive, which through the rod causes it to reciprocate.

Additionally, gas generator gas is activated and ozonization of air supplied to the gas generator increases the air flow to the gas generator after starting the gas generator electrical installation while simultaneously measuring the power generated by the electric generator and, when the maximum value is reached, stop increasing the air flow to the gas generator, while constantly controlling the emission of harmful substances from exhaust systems and when their concentration exceeds the maximum permissible standards increase the degree s ozonation air.

The solution of these problems is achieved in a gas generator electrical installation containing a gas generator containing, in turn, the housing, the main cavity inside them, the loading device and unloading device, the system for supplying air to the gas generator, the gas generator cleaning system, to the outlet of the gas generator which is connected through a heat exchanger to the nozzle in the air-fuel mixture supply system of the internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator connected by a wire mi with the energy consumer, the fact that the gas generator contains a system of preliminary drying of raw materials connected to the extraction pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to the exhaust system in the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine contains in the air-fuel mixture supply system a gas-generating gas and a liquid fuel nozzle connected to a liquid fuel supply system.

The gas generator can be equipped with a agitator, containing a working body installed in the main cavity, and a reciprocating actuator with a connecting rod connecting them.

A wattmeter can be installed between the generator and the energy consumer, a fuel activator can be installed on the gas duct in front of the nozzle, and the main air ozonizer can be installed in the air supply system.

An additional ozonizer may be installed in the air supply system to the internal combustion engine.

The gas-generating electrical installation can be equipped with a control unit to which control lines connect the first drive connected to the unloading mechanism,

the second drive connected to the loading mechanism

the third drive connected to the flow regulator

Fourth drive coupled to the throttle

fifth drive connected by a fan

variable drive coupled to compressor

adjustable electric drive connected to a water pump

a vibrator connected to the grate,

at the same time, the inputs of all the drives are connected to the outputs from the control unit, the sensor controller is connected to the control unit input by the control line, and the sensors are connected to the sensor controller:

- gas analyzer installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner,

- gas generator gas temperature sensor installed at the exit of the heat exchanger,

- crankshaft speed sensor mounted on the engine crankshaft for monitoring the operation of the engine during start, stop and on the main mode,

- the regulator position sensor mounted on the regulator,

- throttle position sensor mounted on the throttle

- wattmeter installed between the generator and the energy consumer,

The outputs from the sensors: gas analyzer, gas generator gas temperature sensor, crankshaft speed sensor, regulator position sensor, throttle position sensor, and wattmeter control lines are connected to the inputs to the sensor controller.

Gas-generating electrical installation may contain a grate, which is connected with a vibrator by means of a rod.

The grate can be an annular shape with a frustoconical side wall.

An internal combustion engine may contain an exhaust system for combustion products in which a catalytic afterburner is installed.

The gas generator unit may contain additional air supply pipeline with a second additional air ionizer.

An emergency afterburner is connected to the gas supply through a controlled valve.

The gas generator unit may contain a second pipeline for supplying additional air with a third additional air ionizer.

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ... 10, where:

in fig. 1 shows the basic scheme of the power plant,

in fig. 2 shows a power plant with two gas generators and one heat exchanger,

in fig. 3 is a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators and two heat exchangers,

in fig. 4 shows the power plant control scheme,

in fig. 5 is a diagram of a cyclone embedded in a gas generator,

in fig. 6 is a drawing of a grate with a vibrator,

in fig. 7 shows the high voltage power supply circuit of ozonizers, the first option,

in fig. 8 shows the high voltage supply circuit of ozonizers, the second option,

in fig. 9 shows the design of the agitator,

in fig. 10 shows the working body of the agitator.

Designations adopted in the description:

gas generator 1,

internal combustion engine of internal combustion engine 2,

electric generator 3,

gas outlet 4,

air-to-air mixture supply system 5,

outer cylindrical housing 6,

middle cylindrical body 7,

inner cylindrical housing 8,

outer annular gap 9,

internal annular gap 10,

main cavity 11,

feedstock 12,

reactor 13,

first bottom end 14,

central hole 15,

cyclone 16,

outer surface 17,

ribs 18,

heat insulation 19.

second bottom end 20,

third lower end 21,

grate 22,

holes 23,

ash 24,

ash compartment 25.

building 26,

cavity 27,

unloading device 28,

receiving hopper 29,

unloading mechanism 30,

first drive 31.

base 32.

upper end 33,

inlet 34,

loading mechanism 35,

second drive 36,

outer surface 37,

collector 38,

internal cavity 39,

holes 40,

sump 41,

cylinder 42,

piston 43,

crankshaft 44.

electrical wires 45,

the throttle valve 46,

third drive 47,

exhaust system 48.

heat exchanger 49,

fine filter 50,

flow regulator 51,

fourth drive 52.

nozzle 53,

liquid fuel nozzle 54,

liquid fuel supply system 55,

pre-drying system 56,

exhaust gas pipe 57,

sampling valve 58

air supply pipe 59,

spark plug 60.

control line 61.

supply line 62,

outlet pipeline 63.

radiator 64.

fan 65,

fifth drive 66,

high voltage wire 67,

valve 68,

ignition coil 69,

low voltage wires 70,

battery 71,

discharge pipe 72,

control valve 73,

emergency afterburner 74,

catalytic afterburner 75,

fuel activator 76,

main air ozonizer 77,

additional ozonizer 78,

additional air supply line 79,

second additional air ozonizer 80.

the second pipeline supplying additional air 81,

third additional air ozonizer 82.

rod 83,

vibrator 84,

side wall 86.

solid particles 86,

tapering part 87,

the widening part 88,

cylindrical part 89,

ring collector 90,

collector cavity 91,

holes 92,

air supply system 93,

valve 94,

compressor 95,

adjustable electric drive 96,

speed governor 97,

pump 98,

adjustable pump drive 99,

drive controller 100,

load 101,

wattmeter 102,

Ammeter 103,

voltmeter 104,

control unit 105,

control line 106,

sensor controller 107,

gas analyzer 108,

gas generator gas temperature sensor 109,

crankshaft speed sensor 110,

position sensor regulator 111,

throttle position sensor 112.

housing 113,

outer electrode 114,

internal electrode 115,

axial rod 116,

partition 117,

windows 118,

spikes 119.

first high voltage wire 120,

the second high voltage wire 121,

high voltage source 122,

ground wire 123,

grounding 124.

low voltage wires 125,

guided rheostat 126,

controlled switch 127,

ignition system 128,

igniter 129,

sleeve 130,

energy block 131,

power transmission channel 132.

agitator 133,

working body 134,

drive reciprocating motion 135.

rod 136,

sleeve 137,

seal 138,

annular gap 139,

disk 140.

central hole 141,

radial holes 142,

radial rods 143,

welding seam 144.

The gas-generating power plant contains (Fig. 1 ... 10) the gas generator 1 and the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine - 2 with an electric generator 3. The outlet from the gas generator 1 by the gas guide 4 is connected to the system for supplying the fuel-air mixture 5 to the internal combustion engine 2.

The gas generator 1 (Fig. 1) contains three cylindrical shells: outer 6, middle 7 and inner 8. Cylindrical shells 6 ... 8, mounted concentrically to each other with an annular gap of outer 9 and inner 10 between them.

Inside the inner housing 8, a main cavity 11 is formed for the combustion process and gasification of the raw material 12. A reactor 13 is installed in the main cavity 11.

The inner housing 8 does not have a bottom bottom, and instead of it, a central opening 15 is made in the first lower end 14, which communicates the main cavity 11 and the inner annular gap 10.

A cyclone 16 is formed in the inner annular gap 10.

On the outer surface 17 of the inner cylindrical body 10, ribs 18 are installed, made at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the gas generator 1 - OO.

The middle and inner cylindrical body 7 and 8, the inner annular gap 10 and the ribs 18 perform the function of a system for pre-cleaning of the gas-generating gas in the form of a cyclone 16, made inside the gas generator 1.

Between the outer and middle cylindrical walls 6 and 7 in the outer gap 9, thermal insulation 19 is made.

The first lower end 14 of the inner cylindrical body 8 is located at a distance H from the second lower end 20 of the middle cylindrical body 7.

h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance,

H ₀ - the internal height of the middle housing 7.

At the second lower end 20 of the middle housing 7, an grate 22 is installed, in which holes 23 are made to allow ash 24 to enter the ash compartment 25. The ash compartment 25 is made under the grate 22 and includes a housing 26 and a cavity 27.

Under the ash compartment 25, a device for unloading ash 28 into a receiving bin 29 with an unloading mechanism 30 having a first actuator 31 connected to the unloading mechanism 30 is made.

The outer cylindrical housing 6 is fixed on the base 32.

At the upper end 33 of the gas generator 1 is made inlet 34 for loading the raw material 12. It contains a loading mechanism 35 with a second drive 36 connected to the loading mechanism 35.

In the upper part of the outer cylindrical housing 6 on its outer surface 37, a collector 38 is made, the internal cavity 39 of which with openings 40 for the output of the hot generator gas communicates with the gas bore 4 on the one hand — with the internal annular gap 10, and on the other — connected to the fuel supply system air mixture 5 in the internal combustion engine 2. (Fig. 1)

The internal combustion engine 2 comprises a crankcase 41, at least one cylinder 42 with a piston 43 and a crankshaft 44. The crankshaft 44 is connected to an electric generator 3, from which electrical wires 45 are retracted to electrical consumers.

The internal combustion engine 2 contains a supply system of the air-fuel mixture 5, which contains the throttle valve 46 with the fourth drive 47 connected to the throttle valve 46. In addition, the internal combustion engine 2 contains the exhaust system 48.

The gas duct 4 is connected to the entrance to the heat exchanger 49, the outlet from which is connected to the fine filter 50, and the outlet from the fine filter 50 through the flow regulator 51 is connected to the supply system of the fuel-air mixture 5. A fourth drive 52 is connected to the flow regulator 51. After the flow regulator 51 installed gas nozzle 53, which, in turn, is installed in the supply system of the air-fuel mixture 5.

A gas nozzle 53 is installed near the gas nozzle 53, connected to the liquid fuel supply system 55. In addition, a preliminary drying system 56 of the raw material 12 and an exhaust gas extraction pipeline 57 are provided, the inlet of which is connected to the exhaust system 48, and the outlet is from a pre-drying system 56. The exhaust gas pipe 57 contains a valve 58.

An air supply pipe 59 (or oxygen) is connected to the outer cylindrical body 6, which communicates through the middle cylindrical body 7 and the internal cylindrical body 8 with the main cavity 11.

The internal combustion engine 2 contains a spark plug 60. Control lines 61 are connected to the first actuator 31 and the second actuator 36. A radiator 64 is connected to the heat exchanger 49 by supply and exhaust pipes 62 and 63. A radiator 65 is installed near the radiator 64 with a fifth actuator 65 for cooling the circulating water (antifreeze ).

To the spark plug 60 is connected to the output of the high-voltage wire 67, connected to the distributor 68, which is connected to the ignition coil 69, which is connected to the low-voltage wires 70 by the battery 71.

The grate 22 is connected to the vibrator 84 by means of a rod 83. The grate 22 has a truncated cone-shaped side wall 85 for collecting solid particles 86 (FIGS. 1 and 5). Ash 24 is collected in the ash compartment 25.

The gas pipeline 4 is connected to the discharge pipe 72 with a valve 73 after which an emergency after-heater 74 is installed (Fig. 1

A catalytic afterburner 75 (FIG. 1) is installed at the outlet of the exhaust gas system 48 from the internal combustion engine 22 (Fig. 1), which is designed to permanently post-burn NOx and other harmful substances.

Exhaust ICE can significantly harm the atmosphere. But the most effective means of neutralizing harmful substances: catalytic exhaust afterburner.

Catalytic afterburner is designed to convert harmful substances into less harmful ones before they exit the vehicle's exhaust system.

Catalytic afterburner is of great importance. Engine emissions include the following substances:

Gaseous nitrogen (N ₂ ) - air is 78% nitrogen and most of it passes through the engine.

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is one of the products of combustion. The carbon contained in the fuel is bound to oxygen from the air.

Water vapor (H ₂ O) is another combustion product. The hydrogen contained in the fuel is bound to oxygen from the air.

For the most part, these emissions are not harmful, although carbon dioxide is believed to contribute to global warming. Due to the fact that the combustion process takes place in non-ideal conditions, the engine also produces a small amount of harmful emissions. Catalytic afterburner is designed to neutralize the following substances:

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas with no color or odor.

Hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are formed from the fumes of unburned fuel and cause smog.

Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2 or their generic term NOx) lead to the formation of smog and acid rain, which can adversely affect the mucous membranes.

The catalytic afterburner has a simple construction: it contains ceramics filled in the housing and a catalyst: a thin layer of platinum.

In the gas duct 4, an activator fuel 76 is installed in front of the gas nozzle 53, and a main air ozonizer 77 is installed in the air supply system 59.

The fuel activator 76 may be magnetic, electric or electromagnetic.

For ozonizers, a high voltage source is needed, which will be described in detail later.

In the system for supplying air 4 to the internal combustion engine 2, an additional ozonizer 78 is installed.

The internal combustion engine 2, as mentioned earlier, contains the exhaust system of combustion products, in which a catalytic afterburner 75 is installed. The installation contains a pipeline for supplying additional air 79 with a second additional air ozonizer 80.

Emergency after-heater 74 is connected to gas supply 4 via controlled valve 73.

The gas-generating electrical installation may contain, connected at the entrance to the emergency after-heater 74, a second pipeline for supplying additional air 81 with a third additional air ozonizer 82.

in fig. 2 shows a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators 1 and one heat exchanger 49.

in fig. 3 is a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators 1 and two heat exchangers 49.

The gas generator unit is equipped with an air supply system 93 to the gas generator 1. The air supply system 93 includes a valve 94, a compressor 95, an adjustable electric drive 96 connected to it. Adjustable electric actuator 96 is connected to the output of the speed controller 97.

The gas-generating electrical installation is equipped with a gas-generating gas cooling system which includes a heat exchanger 49, a radiator 64 and supply lines 62 and a drain 63, designed to circulate water (antifreeze).

A pump 98 is installed in the drain pipe 63. An adjustable pump drive 99 is connected to the pump 98. An outlet from the drive controller 100 is connected to the input to the adjustable drive pump 99.

The generator electrical installation is connected to the load 101. At the entrance to the load 101, a wattmeter 102, an ammeter 103 and a voltmeter 104 are installed to control the output power.

FIG. 4 shows a control circuit of a power plant, which contains a control unit 105, to which a sensor controller 107 is connected to the control line 106, to which all sensors are connected to the control lines 106:

- gas analyzer 108 installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner 75,

- gas generator gas temperature sensor 109 mounted at the exit of the heat exchanger 50,

- a crankshaft speed sensor 110 mounted on the crankshaft 44 of the internal combustion engine 2 to monitor the operation of the internal combustion engine 2 at start-up, shutdown and in the main mode,

- the position sensor of the regulator 111, mounted on the flow regulator 51,

- the throttle position sensor 112 mounted on the throttle valve 46.

FIG. 5 shows in more detail the construction of the cyclone 16, for the preliminary purification of the gas-generating gas 1 and the reactor 13.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the installation with emergency post-combustion generator gas. This scheme contains a discharge pipe 67, connected to the gas line 4, a controlled valve 68 installed in it, and after it an emergency after-burner 69,

In the exhaust system 48, a constantly running catalytic after-burner 70 is installed (FIG. 1).

FIG. 6 shows in more detail the design of the grate 22 and its shaking mechanism in the form of a vibrator 84 connected by a rod 83 to the grate 22. The grate 22 contains a side wall 85 made in the form of a truncated cone on which solid particles 86 are assembled.

The reactor 13 has the following construction (Fig. 5). It is made in the form of a Laval nozzle and contains a tapering part 87, an expanding part 88, and a cylindrical part 89 located between them. The concentrically cylindrical part 89 is an annular manifold 90.

The cavity of the collector 91 holes 92 is connected to the pipe air supply 59.

The gas-generating power plant (Fig. 1) contains a control unit 105, to which a control line 106 connects the output from the sensor controller 107.

Gas-generating electrical installation contains sensors:

- gas analyzer 108 installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner 75,

- gas generator gas temperature sensor 109 installed at the exit of the heat exchanger 49,

- crankshaft speed sensor 110,

- position sensor regulator 111,

- The throttle position sensor 112.

The outputs from the sensors: gas analyzer 108, gas generator gas temperature sensor 109, crankshaft speed sensor 110, regulator position sensor 111 and throttle position sensor 112 are connected to control sensor inputs 106 via sensor lines 106 (Figs. 1 and 5).

FIG. 7 shows a detailed diagram of the additional ionizer 78 and its energy supply by high-voltage electric current (the design of other ozonizers is similar).

The main air ionizer 77 includes an IZ case made of dielectric material, an outer electrode 114 made of metal in the form of a cylinder, an inner electrode 115 made of metal in the form of a sleeve, mounted on an axial rod 116, also made of metal, a radial partition 117 made of dielectric material with windows 118 for the passage of air. Spikes 119 are made on the outer surface of the inner electrode 115 to intensify the generation of ozone.

The first high voltage wire 120 and the second high voltage wire 121 connect the electrodes 114 and 115 to the high voltage source 122. A ground wire 124 connects the first high voltage wire 110 to ground 124.

Low-voltage wires 125 are connected to the input of high-voltage source 123. An adjustable potentiometer 126 and an adjustable switch 127 are installed in the line of one of the low-voltage wires 125.

FIG. 8 shows the high voltage supply circuit of ozonizers 77, 78, 80 and 82 (Fig. 1), the second option. Each ionizer of the above 77, 78, 80 and 82 has its own high voltage source 122.

The gas-generating power installation contains an ignition system 128, containing in turn the igniter 129, installed in the sleeve 130, passing through the cylindrical body 6 ... 8, the energy block 131 and the power transmission channel 132, connecting the energy block 131 and the igniter 129. As the igniter 129 can be used laser spark plug.

FIG. 9 shows a detailed drawing of the agitator 133. The agitator 133 contains a working body 134, a drive for reciprocating motion 135 and connecting rod 136. A rod 136 passes through sleeve 137. Sleeve 133 passes through cylindrical bodies 6 ... 8. The rod 136 is sealed with seals 138 placed in the annular gap 139,

The working body 134 (FIG. 10) contains a disk 140, a central hole 141, radial holes 142 in it, in which radial rods 143 are installed and welded by welding seams 144. The optimum number of radial rods 143 is from 3 to 6.

The optimal length of 1 radial rod 143 is selected from the relationship:

L = (0.25 ... 0.5) D,

Where:

L is the length of the radial rod 143,

D is the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical housing 8.

With a smaller size of the length of the radial rod 143, it collapses the set of raw materials in less than half the cross section of the inner cylindrical body 8. With a longer length of the radial rod 143, the working body 143 does not fit in the main cavity 11 (Fig. 9 and 10) and does not have the ability to return but progressive movement.

The device works as follows (Fig. 1 ... 10).

The raw material 12 is loaded (FIG. 1) through the loading mechanism 35 into the main cavity 11. On command from the control unit 105, the raw material 12 is ignited using an igniter 129. To do this, the energy (in the case of using a laser spark plug is light) from the energy block 131 power transmission channel 132 is passed to the igniter 129.

Installing the igniter 129 partially in the sleeve 130 and partially outside the gas generator 1 ensures its protection from overheating. Possible cooling of the igniter 129 with air or liquid (water)

The gas-generating power installation contains an ignition system 128, containing in turn the igniter 129, installed in the sleeve 130, passing through the cylindrical body 6 ... 8, the energy block 131 and the power transmission channel 132, connecting the energy block 131 and the igniter 129. As the igniter 129 can be used laser spark plug.

In the gas generator 1 serves air through the air supply system 88 from the fan 90, through the open valve 94 and through the air supply pipe 59.

The air is pre-ozonized in the main air ozonizer 77. The feedstock 12 is burned with a lack of air and a generator gas is produced with a temperature of 1200 ... 1300 ° C. The process of synthesis of the gas generator is at a temperature of from 1000 to 1300 ° C. It is preferable to maintain the temperature around 1300 ° C. At a lower temperature, the gas generating gas is not formed in sufficient volume.

The gas-generating gas enters the inner annular gap 10, where the ribs 16 (Fig. 1 and 5) are twisted and the centrifugal forces throw solid particles 86 to the periphery and they are slanted along the inclined side wall 85 of the grate 22 through the holes 23 together with the ashes 24 compartment 25.

The control mode of combustion in the gas generator in order to obtain maximum power at the outlet of the generator 3 is as follows:

On command from the control unit 105 to the speed controller 97, the latter sends a signal to increase the speed of the speed controller 97. compressor performance 95.

The amount of produced gas-generating gas naturally increases and the power generated by the gas-generating electrical installation increases proportionally, which is recorded by the wattmeter 102.

However, with a very large air flow rate, the completeness of the combustion of the raw material 12 in the gas generator 1 increases excessively, and as it is known the gas generator gas (synthesis gas) is formed when there is a shortage of air. The calorific value of the gas-generating gas is reduced and the power recorded by the wattmeter 102 is reduced. The process of increasing air flow is stopped.

The resulting gas generator is burned in the internal combustion engine 2. When a gas-generating gas is formed in the gas generator 1 and burned in the internal combustion engine 2, a significant amount of nitrogen oxides NOx and other harmful impurities are formed. The higher the process temperature, the greater the NOx content.

Nitrogen oxides NOx are constantly burned in the catalytic afterburner 5 (Fig. 1) and, if necessary, in the emergency afterburner 74, for example, when the internal combustion engine 2 fails.

With all the changes in the mode of operation of the gas generator 1 and the internal combustion engine 2, the emission of harmful substances is constantly monitored using the gas analyzer 108 and take action using the effect on the high voltage source 122 (or high voltage sources 122).

The work of the high voltage source 110 and ozonizers

The main ozonizer 77 (and all other ozonizers 78, 80 and 82) as mentioned earlier. It has an outer electrode 114 made of metal in the form of a cylinder and an inner electrode 115 made of metal in the form of a sleeve, mounted on an axial rod 116, also made of metal. When working between the outer 114 and the inner 115 electrodes, a discharge occurs that causes ozonation, i.e. obtaining from oxygen O ₂ ozone O ₃ .

Since the oxidative properties of ozone are about 200 times higher than that of oxygen, its use in gas generator 1, internal combustion engine 2, in emergency burner 75 and in catalytic burner 74 leads to a significant (by an order of magnitude) reduction in the emission of harmful substances.

The spikes 119 on the inner electrode 115 (Fig. 7 and 8) contribute to more intensive formation of ozone.

The first high voltage wire 120 and the second high voltage wire 121 connect the electrodes 114 and 115 to the high voltage source 122. A ground wire 123 connects the first high voltage wire 120 to ground 124.

Low-voltage wires 108 are connected to the input of the high-voltage source 122. An adjustable potentiometer 125 and a controlled switch 127 are installed in the line of one of the low-voltage wires 108. They switch on the ozonizers using the adjustable switch 110 and regulate their operation using a controlled rheostat ( ). FIG. 7 shows a common high voltage source 122 for all ozonizers 77, 78, 80 and 82.

Possible scheme (Fig. 8) with the use of four sources of high voltage 122 for each ozonizer 77, 78, 80 and 82 your - high voltage source 122.

In practice, the supply voltage on the ozonizers is increased until the decrease in the emission of harmful substances in the exhaust system of combustion products 48 stops. The process controls the control unit 105 using the readings of the gas analyzer 108 (FIG. 1). The entire process of control and management is performed by the control unit 105 (FIG. 1) using the developed software.

At the same time, the amount of NOx and other harmful substances in the exhaust gases decreases by several times in comparison with the known analogues. Monitoring the operation of all installation systems is carried out using sensors (Fig. 1 and 4):

gas analyzer 108,

gas generator gas temperature sensor 109,

crankshaft speed sensor 110,

position sensor regulator 11,

throttle position sensor 112.

Depending on the readings of these sensors, the gas generator power plant is monitored using the control unit 105, from which signals are sent to the actuator 31, 36, 47, 52, 65, the controlled valve 73, the vibrator 84 (FIG. 1), the controlled rheostat 126 and controlled switch 127 (Fig. 1 and 7).

When applying the scheme with two or more internal combustion engines 2 (in Fig. 1 ... 8, this option is not shown), one of the internal combustion engines 2 can be disabled for prevention.

In the event of an emergency, for example, with the use of one internal combustion engine 2 and its failure, or the simultaneous failure of all internal combustion engines 2, the gas generator 1 continues to operate for a few more hours and produce gas-generating gas. It can not be discharged into the atmosphere, as it contains a lot of nitrogen oxides - NOx and other harmful substances. This can lead to environmental degradation.

To avoid this, open the controlled valve 68 and gas-generating gas is burned in the emergency burner 74.

Monitoring the ecological state of the gas generator power plant, as mentioned earlier, is carried out continuously using a gas analyzer 91 and, when the concentration of one of the harmful substances is exceeded, the operation of the internal combustion engine 2 is corrected or the catalytic after-heater 75 is changed (Fig. 1).

The work of the agitator

When burning the feedstock 12 in the upper part of the main cavity 11 periodically forms a set of feedstock 12 and the combustion process slows down. The rate of gas generation also decreases.

For the collapse of the roof of the raw material 12 periodically fed from the control unit 105 signal (Fig. 9) to the drive of the reciprocating motion 135, which through the rod 136 leads to the reciprocating working body 134. The rod 136 passes through the sleeve 137. The sleeve 137 passes through into the main cavity 11 through cylindrical bodies 6 ... 8. This will prevent leakage of gas generating gas containing harmful substances into the atmosphere. The working body 134 (FIG. 10), containing a disk 140 with radial rods 143 mounted on it, collapses the roof of the burnt raw material 12. This will significantly accelerate the combustion in the gas generator 1 and increase the rate of gas generation.

As a result, the maximum power can be obtained at the output of the electric generator while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases through the use of a agitator, which intensifies the combustion process and generation of gas-generating gas, giving the working organ 134 of the agitator 133 a reciprocating motion with a large amplitude using a reciprocating drive -accessible movement 135 and due to the effective shape of the working body 134, namely the presence of several (from 3 to 6 radial rods 143 is enough long length).

The use of a group of inventions allowed:

1. Ensuring ignition and combustion when using raw materials of high humidity, while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases through the use of a preliminary drying system with exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine and an effective agitator with the use of reciprocating motion of the working body having several radial rods long enough.

2. Get the maximum power output of the generator while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases through the use of a tedder, which intensifies the combustion process and the production of gas-generating gas.

3. Significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere through the use of a fuel activator and air ionizers at the entrance to the gas generator and the internal combustion engine and in air systems used to improve the work of catalytic and emergency burners.

4. To ensure full automation of the installation, containing the gas generator and the internal combustion engine on household waste of any solid waste through the control unit, sensor controller, most important parameters sensors and drives for loading, unloading and control systems of the gas generator and the internal combustion engine.

5. To increase the efficiency of electrical installation by increasing the combustion temperature of the generator gas and reducing heat transfer to the atmosphere.

6. Reduce the environmental impact of the environment by reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This is achieved by using catalytic and emergency burners.

5. To reduce the gas-generating gas temperature entering the internal combustion engine to ensure its operation by using a heat exchanger and a radiator.

6. To increase the reliability of work and reduce the cost of servicing the engine through:

- reducing the content of resins and non-combustible impurities in the generator gas during its cleaning in three stages: pre-treatment, fine cleaning and chemical cleaning in the afterburners,

- afterburning of harmful substances in the catalytic afterburner,

- the possibility of preventive maintenance of one of several internal combustion engines,

- afterburning of gas-generating gas in an emergency afterburner, which may, like the catalytic afterburner, have a catalyst for neutralizing harmful substances.

Claims (32)

1. The method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation, including the loading of raw materials and air supply into the main cavity of the gas generator, ignition of the raw materials and supply of gas generator gas through the gas guide to the internal combustion engine to which the generator is connected to generate electricity, exhaust gas from the engine exhaust system internal combustion after its pre-treatment in a catalytic afterburner, characterized in that after loading the feedstock and before whose air drying produced in the gasifier feedstock by feeding exhaust gases from the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is operating on liquid fuel and feedstock after ignition internal combustion engine is switched to the operation of gasification gas. 2. The method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation of claim 1, characterized in that the gas generator is equipped with a agitator, containing a working body installed in the main cavity, a reciprocating drive, and connecting rod connecting them, which periodically include for the collapse of the set of raw materials. 3. The method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it produces activation of the gas generator gas and ozonization of the air supplied to the gas generator, 4. The method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after starting the gas generator electrical installation, the air flow to the gas generator is increased, while simultaneously measuring the power produced by the electric generator, and when the maximum value is reached, the air flow to the gas generator is constantly stopped, while the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust system and when their concentration exceeds the maximum permissible norms, increase the degree of air ozonation. 5. The method of operation of the gas generator electrical installation of claim 3, characterized in that after starting the gas generator electrical installation, the air flow to the gas generator is increased, while simultaneously measuring the power generated by the electric generator, and when the maximum value is reached, the air flow to the gas generator is constantly monitored substances from the exhaust system and when their concentration exceeds the maximum permissible standards increase the degree of ozonation of air. 6. Gas generator installation, containing, a gas generator, containing in turn, housing, boot device and unloading device, air supply system to the gas generator, gas generator gas cleaning system, to the outlet of which the gas outlet is connected, the outlet of which is connected through the heat exchanger to the nozzle in the supply system air-fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator connected by wires to an energy consumer, characterized in that the gas generator contains a system of preliminary drying of the raw material, connected to the extraction pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to the exhaust gas system in the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine contains a gas generating nozzle in the air-fuel supply system and a liquid fuel nozzle connected to the system supply of liquid fuel. 7. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the gas generator is equipped with a agitator, containing a working body installed in the main cavity, and a reciprocating actuator with a connecting rod, 8. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6, characterized in that a wattmeter is installed between the generator and the energy consumer, a fuel activator is installed on the gas outlet in front of the nozzle, and the main air ozonizer is installed in the air supply system. 9. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that an additional ozonizer is installed in the system for supplying air to the internal combustion engine. 10. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it is equipped with a control unit to which control lines are connected to: the first drive connected to the unloading mechanism the second drive connected to the loading mechanism the third drive connected to the flow regulator Fourth drive coupled to the throttle fifth drive connected by a fan variable drive coupled to compressor adjustable electric drive connected to a water pump a vibrator connected to the grate, while the inputs of all drives are connected to the outputs from the control unit, the sensor controller is connected to the control unit input by the control line, the sensors are connected to the sensor controller: - gas analyzer installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner, - gas generator gas temperature sensor installed at the exit of the heat exchanger, - crankshaft speed sensor mounted on the engine crankshaft for monitoring the operation of the engine during start, stop and on the main mode, - the regulator position sensor mounted on the regulator, - throttle position sensor mounted on the throttle - wattmeter installed between the generator and the energy consumer, The outputs from the sensors: gas analyzer, gas generator gas temperature sensor, crankshaft speed sensor, regulator position sensor, throttle position sensor, and wattmeter control lines are connected to the inputs to the sensor controller. 11. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it contains a grate, which is connected with a vibrator by means of a rod. 12. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the grate is made of annular shape with a side wall in the shape of a truncated cone. 13. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the internal combustion engine contains a system of exhaust combustion products, in which a catalytic afterburner is installed. 14. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 13, characterized in that it contains a pipeline for supplying additional air with a second additional air ionizer. 15. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that an emergency after-burner is connected to the gas supply through a controlled valve. 16. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains a second pipeline for supplying additional air with a third additional air ionizer.

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