RU2683065C1 - Method of managing the operation mode of a gas-generator electrical installation and a gas-generator electric installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to power engineering and can be used for burning garbage and wood wastes. Essence of inventions consists in the fact that at control of gas generator plant by supply of gas-generator gas through gas duct to internal combustion engine gas-generator gas activation and ozonization of air supplied to gas generator are constantly performed. After start-up of gas generator plant, flow rate of air supplied to it is increased while simultaneously measuring power generated by electric generator. When maximum power value is reached, increase of air flow rate is stopped, at the same time the emission of hazardous substances from the exhaust system is constantly monitored and when the concentration of maximum allowable standards is exceeded, the degree of ozonation of the air supplied to the gas generator is increased. Additionally, ionised air is supplied to the internal combustion engine, as well as pre-ionised air is supplied to exhaust system before catalytic afterburner.EFFECT: technical result is provision of maximum electric power at provision of maximum permissible concentration of hazardous substances in exhaust gases.13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of energy, and in particular to engines operating on gaseous fuel generated by the burning of municipal solid waste - MSW.

Wastes from production and consumption are among the largest sources of environmental pollution. The annual increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) in our country is more than 30 million tons. This is a powerful renewable fuel resource that can bring huge savings in fossil fuels and provide heat and electricity to residential areas and industrial enterprises. In this regard, the creation of new enterprises for the disposal and disposal of waste is one of the urgent state tasks.

As you know, hydrocarbon fuel is constantly becoming more expensive. In addition, its natural resources are exhaustible and may end in 40 ... 50 years.

In addition, in accordance with Technical Regulation No. 609 “On requirements for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances” by automotive vehicles issued in the territory of the Russian Federation, the Euro-5 environmental class is introduced from January 1, 2014. From now on, all cars entering the territory of Russia must comply with this environmental standard. This applies to both vehicles manufactured at domestic plants and all vehicles imported into the country from abroad: both new and used; both for personal purposes and for commercial use.

Currently, 5 waste incineration plants are operated in Russia, the volume of disposal and disposal of solid waste at which is negligible and does not exceed 3% of the total amount of waste (for comparison: there are more than 50 such plants in Germany alone). In this regard, the construction of waste incineration plants using modern technologies, providing for the combination of the most complete use of the energy potential of solid waste with the environmental safety of the process, is extremely urgent.

The process of burning solid waste is accompanied by the formation of a number of toxic compounds: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (II) (CO), dioxins and furans, and some other pollutants. At the same time, as in the case of burning traditional types of fossil fuels, nitrogen oxides make the main contribution to the total toxicity index of combustion products.

Since the composition of the flue gases of incineration plants is characterized by the variety of toxic components contained in them, they can be neutralized only when exposed to a complex of technological measures, as well as chemical and physicochemical cleaning methods. Therefore, there is a need to equip waste incinerators with multi-stage gas purification systems that reduce the content of various pollutants in flue gases to the required standards. Moreover, each of the used cleaning technologies, as a rule, is aimed at reducing emissions of one of several types of toxic components formed.

A feature of the process of thermal disposal of solid waste is the variable composition of the fuel, as a result of which there is a continuous change in combustion parameters. This, in turn, causes significant fluctuations in the concentrations of toxic components in flue gases and, as a consequence, insufficiently reliable operation of the treatment system as a whole.

The constant tightening of the requirements for gas emissions of heat power units, which include waste incinerators, create the prerequisites for creating new cleaning technologies.

The need for the development and application of technologies that provide high efficiency and stable indicators for the cleaning of flue gases generated during thermal disposal of solid waste of variable composition, determined the direction of research, the results of which are given in this invention.

The main objective of the invention: the development of a fully automated device for burning garbage and integrated cleaning of flue gases generated during the combustion of gas generator gas in an internal combustion engine. Exclusion of the emission of gas generated by the combustion of solid household waste gas into the atmosphere during emergency and off-schedule conditions.

The most difficult purification from nitrogen oxides. Particulate cleaning is relatively easy in cyclones and other industrial cleaners.

The most radical means of reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides both during the combustion of solid waste in a gas generator and during combustion in the cylinders of internal combustion engines is its afterburning in a catalytic afterburner. This will reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides NOx by several times.

The well-known "Gas Generator" according to patent RU No. 2303050 from 06/29/2006, publ. 07/20/2007, IPC C10J 3/20, F23B 99/00, which contains a combustion chamber with a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone, with resin combustion zones, regeneration and purification of the generator gas, water boiler ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, the gas generator is additionally equipped with a smoke separator, gas cooler-stabilizer and a generator gas heating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the cleaning zone eneratornogo gas from entering the regeneration zone and through the air heating chamber with a combustion chamber.

But this device does not provide gas with a calorific value above 1560 kcal.

Known technical solution of the gasification reactor according to patent RU No. 2360949 "Method for producing synthesis gas and gasification reactor for its implementation" from 08/04/2008, publ. 07/10/2009, IPC C10J 3/32, C10J 3/40, C10J 3/68.

A gasification reactor containing a boiler with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with a paddle agitator of the raw materials and a truncated cone, zones of primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner, grate grate for steam supply to the regeneration zone, with a cover and a reversible drive mounted on it and a suction pipe connected to it with a pipe equalizer, with a paddle agitator mounted under it and with tuyeres installed at the free end of the pipe to supply water vapor from the zone of accumulation of steam into the zone of primary gasification of raw materials.

But this device provides a two-stage gas production with a calorific value of no higher than 1560 kcal, since the burning of excessively produced synthesis gas in the primary gasification combustion zone also contributes to a decrease in the calorific value of the gas, since a large amount of nitrogen is already present in the synthesis gas, and its combustion in this zone causes an increase in the amount of nitrogen, first in the primary gasification zone, and then in the resulting synthesis gas. In addition, the combustion of synthesis gas in the primary zone maintains a combustion temperature of 1500 ° C in order to raise the synthesis temperature to the maximum possible temperature in the regeneration zone, at the same time, this temperature contributes to the onset of NOx formation in the synthesis gas, and when using the obtained gas in gas piston power plants or in burners of heating systems, where the combustion temperature exceeds 1500 ° C, additional NOx is produced, which leads to environmental pollution.

Known methods for producing generator gas to power the internal combustion engine according to French patent No. 2455077, IPC C10j 3/20, publ. 04/25/1979, consisting in the supply of heat, air and water vapor into a reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, where as a result of the interaction of the components the generator gas is formed. The resulting gas is purified from resins and non-combustible impurities and fed into the ICE power system.

The specified source indicates the installation for the implementation of this method, which contain a reaction chamber filled with carbon-containing fuel and equipped with inlet devices for supplying heat, air and water vapor, and at the outlet with a gas cleaning device connected to the ICE power system.

A known method and device for producing gas generating gas according to US Pat. RF № IPC C10J 3/32, publ. 07/10/2009

The method of producing synthesis gas involves loading the processed raw materials containing at least solid raw materials into the boiler of the gasification reactor and promoting it with the consecutive process of air and gas movement under temperature exposure with the formation of technological zones: a drying zone, a pyrogenetic decomposition zone, a primary zone gasification of raw materials in case of incomplete oxidation of it with atmospheric oxygen and supply of synthesis gas with thermochemical decomposition of raw materials into inert gas components and the image the formation of a reagent in the form of atomic carbon, a zone of thermal decomposition of resins, a regeneration zone formed by a reagent deposited on the grate when steam is fed into it and obtaining synthesis gas and a synthesis gas cooling zone in the gas duct of the reactor boiler, characterized in that the regeneration zone is formed on the grate of the reactor in the form of an open natural bulk cone from a reagent, which determines the formation of a synthesis gas purification zone outside this zone, which ensures a decrease in its expiration rate from the regeneration zone into the free space of the lower part of the reactor boiler to a rate of solid particles flowing no more than 70 μm in size, while under the reactor cover a zone of steam accumulation is formed by loading the processed raw materials into the reactor boiler to a controlled level and steam is sucked out of this zone into the primary gasification zone of the feedstock to produce inert gases and synthesis gas, and in the drying zone of the reactor boiler, the dome of the feedstock collapses and levels out, and in the pyrogenetic decomposition zone of the feedstock it is produced intensive loosening, ensuring gas permeability and moving from top to bottom by means of its reverse and direct mechanical movement, and in the primary gasification zone of the raw materials, their arch formation is mechanically collapsed and the synthesis gas is supplied together with air, and the synthesis gas is cooled to a temperature corresponding to the beginning condensation of resins, when it is twisted in the duct around the axis of the reactor boiler, moreover, air, steam and synthesis gas are fed into the technological zones of the reactor in bulk portions depending STI on the chemical composition of raw materials.

Disadvantage: the synthesis process of gas-generating gas is not fully automated.

A known method and device for producing synthesis gas according to US Pat. RF №2482164, IPC C10J 3/20, publ. 05/20/2013

The gasification reactor comprises a boiler with a lid, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, a gas duct between them, a paddle agitator, a truncated cone, a zone of primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner. The reactor is additionally equipped with a lower agitator system, with a paddle agitator located in a truncated cone, sealed in the housing, heat-removable water rods located in the duct, a methane synthesis zone located at the entrance to the duct. The nozzle of the burner is located in a sealed cavity between the walls of the cone and its body. The reactor is coated with heat-insulating materials from the outside, and the inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with heat-insulating materials.

A known method of producing a generator gas for powering an internal combustion engine and installation for its implementation according to A St. USSR No. 1325173, IPC F02D 43/08, publ. 07/23/1983

The method consists in supplying heat, air, water vapor and part of the exhaust gases of the engine to the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel and withdrawing from the reaction chamber into the engine the generator gas previously purified from impurities. During the interaction of the component in the reaction chamber create a vacuum, and the supply of generator gas to the engine is produced through an intermediate tank.

The gas generating unit comprises an engine, the gas outlet line of which is connected through calibrated openings to the inlet of the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, equipped with a heating device and a water evaporator, and the power line is connected to the outlet of the reaction chamber. A purifier-cooler, a vacuum pump and an intermediate tank with a flow valve are installed sequentially along the generator gas line on the engine power line.

In this method and device, there is no complete utilization of engine exhaust gases: only a small part of them is used in the process of gasification of fuel, the rest is released into the atmosphere. The lack of complete utilization of the exhaust gases leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the method for producing generator gas and a device for its production.

Known gas generator with an internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2099553, IPC F02B 43/08, publ. 12/20/1997, the prototype.

This installation comprises a gas generator, in which a gas outlet line is connected through a filter and a gas generator gas heat exchanger with a cooler circuit, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to an input to the air-fuel mixture supply system of an internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator,

Disadvantages: relatively low efficiency of the internal combustion engine due to the low calorific value of the generator gas, lack of automation and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The tasks of creating a group of inventions: ensuring maximum power at the output of the generator while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

Achieved technical results: ensuring maximum power at the output of the generator while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

The solution to these problems has been achieved in a method of controlling the operation mode of a gas generator electrical installation, including loading the feedstock and supplying air to the gas generator, igniting the feedstock and supplying gas gas through a gas duct to an internal combustion engine, to which an electric generator is connected to generate electricity, discharge exhaust gases from the exhaust system the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine after its preliminary cleaning in a catalytic afterburner, because activation of the gas generator gas and ozonation of the air supplied to the gas generator, after starting the gas generator electrical installation, increase the air flow to the gas generator, while measuring the power generated by the electric generator, and when the maximum value is reached, stop the increase in air flow to the gas generator, while constantly monitoring the emission of harmful substances from the system exhaust gas emissions and when exceeding their concentration of maximum permissible norms increase the degree of ozonation of ear.

Additionally produce ionization of the air supplied to the internal combustion engine.

Additionally, pre-ionized air is supplied to the exhaust system before the catalytic afterburner.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a gas generating installation containing a gas generator, which in turn contains housings, a loading device and an unloading device, an air supply system for the gas generator, a gas generator cleaning system, to the outlet of which a gas inlet is connected, the outlet of which is connected through a heat exchanger to the nozzle in the air-fuel mixture supply system of an internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator, characterized in that on the gas duct in front of the nozzle The fuel activator is installed, and an air ozonator is installed in the air supply system.

An additional ozonizer can be installed in the air supply system to the internal combustion engine.

The gas generator gas cleaning system may include a preliminary gas purification system made in the form of a cyclone inside the gas generator, while the gas generator is made of three buildings: external, middle and internal with annular gaps between them, while the outer annular gap is filled with heat-insulating material, in the inner annular gap is made preliminary gas purification cyclone, which contains an inlet annular channel in the lower part and an outlet manifold with outlet openings in the upper part, communicating and an internal annular gap with the cavity of the outlet manifold, which is connected by a gas duct to the entrance to the air-fuel mixture supply system of the internal combustion engine, and ribs are installed on the outside of the inner casing, which are installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the installation, the gas generator is equipped with a control unit to which the sensor controller is connected to the control line, and the sensors:

- gas analyzer installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner,

- a temperature sensor for gas generating gas installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger,

- a crankshaft speed sensor mounted on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to monitor the operation of the internal combustion engine during start, stop and main mode,

- a regulator position sensor mounted on the regulator,

- a throttle position sensor mounted on the throttle,

while the outputs from the sensors control lines connected to the inputs of the sensor controller.

The lower end of the inner cylindrical wall is located at a distance h from the lower end of the middle wall at a distance determined from the relation:

h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance

H ₀ - the inner height of the middle body.

The gas generating installation may include a grate, which is connected to the vibrator by means of a traction.

The grate can be made annular with a side wall in the shape of a truncated cone.

An internal combustion engine may include an exhaust system of combustion products in which a catalytic afterburner is installed.

The gas generating electrical installation may include an additional air supply pipe with a second additional air ionizer.

An emergency afterburner can be connected to the gas duct via a controlled valve.

The gas generating electrical installation may comprise a second additional air supply pipe with a third additional air ionizer.

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ... 7, where:

in FIG. 1 shows the main power installation diagram,

in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators and one heat exchanger,

in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators and two heat exchangers,

in FIG. 4 shows the control circuit of a power plant,

in FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a cyclone integrated in a gas generator,

in FIG. 6 is a drawing of a grate with a vibrator,

in FIG. 7 shows an ozonizer circuit.

Designations accepted in the description:

1. gas generator 1,

2. internal combustion engine ICE 2,

3. electric generator 3,

4. gas duct 4,

5. the fuel-air mixture supply system 5,

6. outer cylindrical body 6,

7. middle cylindrical body 7,

8. the inner cylindrical body 8,

9. the outer annular gap 9,

10. the inner annular gap 10,

11. main cavity 11,

12. feedstock 12,

13. reactor 13,

14. the first lower end 14,

15. central hole 15,

16. cyclone 16,

17. the outer surface 17,

18. ribs 18,

19. thermal insulation 19.

20. second lower end face 20,

21. the third lower end 21,

22. grate 22,

23. holes 23,

24. ash 24,

25. ash compartment 25.

26. building 26,

27. cavity 27,

28. unloading device 28,

29. receiving hopper 29,

30. unloading mechanism 30,

31. first drive 31.

32. base 32.

33. upper end 33,

34. inlet 34,

35. loading mechanism 35,

36. second drive 36,

37. the outer surface 37,

38. collector 38,

39. inner cavity 39,

40. holes 40,

41. crankcase 41,

42. cylinder 42,

43. piston 43,

44. crankshaft 44.

45. electric wires 45,

46. throttle valve 46,

47. third drive 47,

48. exhaust system 48.

49. heat exchanger 49,

50. fine filter 50,

51. flow regulator 51,

52. fourth drive 52.

53. nozzle 53,

54. air supply pipe 54,

55. spark plug 55.

56. control line 56.

57. supply pipeline 57,

58. branch pipe 58.

59. radiator 59.

60. fan 60,

61. fifth drive 61,

62. high voltage wire 62,

63. dispenser 63,

64. ignition coil 64,

65. low voltage wires 65,

66. battery 66,

67. discharge pipe 67,

68. controlled valve 68,

69. emergency afterburner 69,

70. catalytic afterburner 70,

71. fuel activator 71,

72. the main air ozonizer 72,

73. additional ozonizer 73,

74. additional air supply pipe 74,

75. second additional air ionizer 75.

76. second secondary air supply pipe 76

77. third additional air ionizer 77.

78. stock 78,

79. vibrator 79,

80. sidewall 80.

81. solid particles 81,

82. tapering portion 82,

83. the expanding part 83,

84. the cylindrical part 84,

85. ring collector 85,

86. reservoir cavity 86,

87. openings 87,

88. air supply system 88,

89. valve 89,

90. fan 90,

91. adjustable electric drive 91,

92. speed controller 92,

93. pump 93,

94. Adjustable pump drive 94.

95. drive control 95,

96. load 96,

97. wattmeter 97,

98. ammeter 98,

99. voltmeter 99,

100. control unit 100,

101. control line 101,

102. sensor controller 102,

103. gas analyzer 103,

104. temperature sensor gas generator 104,

105. crankshaft speed sensor 105,

106. the position sensor of the regulator 106,

107. throttle position sensor 107.

108. building 108,

109. external electrode 109,

110. inner electrode 110,

111. axial shaft 111,

112. partition 112,

113. windows 113,

114.thorns 114.

115. the first high voltage wire 115,

116. the second high voltage wire 116,

117. high voltage source 117,

118. ground wire 118,

119. grounding 119.

120. low voltage wires 120,

121. controlled rheostat 121,

122. controllable switch 122.

The gas generating power plant contains (Fig. 1 ... 7) a gas generator 1 and an internal combustion engine ICE - 2 with an electric generator 3. The output from the gas generator 1 by the gas duct 4 is connected to the fuel-air mixture supply system 5 in the ICE 2.

The gas generator 1 (Fig. 1) contains three cylindrical bodies: outer 6, middle 7 and inner 8. Cylindrical bodies 6 ... 8 mounted concentrically to each other with annular gaps outer 9 and inner 10 between them.

Inside the inner housing 8, a main cavity 11 is formed for the combustion process and gasification of the feedstock 12. A reactor 13 is installed in the main cavity 11.

The inner housing 8 does not have a lower bottom, and instead of it, a central hole 15 is made in the first lower end 14, which communicates the main cavity 11 and the inner annular gap 10.

A cyclone 16 is formed in the inner annular gap 10.

On the outer surface 17 of the inner cylindrical body 10 installed ribs 18 made at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the gas generator 1-OO.

The middle and inner cylindrical bodies 7 and 8, the inner annular gap 10 and the ribs 18 perform the function of a system for pre-treatment of gas-generating gas in the form of a cyclone 16, made inside the gas-generator 1.

Between the outer and middle cylindrical walls 6 and 7 in the external gap 9, heat insulation 19 is made.

The first lower end 14 of the inner cylindrical body 8 is located at a distance H from the second lower end 20 of the middle cylindrical body 7.

h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance

H ₀ - the inner height of the middle body 7.

At the second lower end 20 of the middle body 7, a grate 22 is installed, in which openings 23 are made for the ash 24 to exit into the ash compartment 25. The ash compartment 25 is made under the grate 22 and contains a housing 26 and a cavity 27.

Under the ash compartment 25, a device for unloading ash 28 is made into the receiving hopper 29 with a discharge mechanism 30 having a first drive 31 connected to the discharge mechanism 30.

The outer cylindrical body 6 is fixed to the base 32.

At the upper end 33 of the gas generator 1, an inlet 34 is made for loading the feedstock 12. It contains a loading mechanism 35 with a second drive 36 connected to the loading mechanism 35.

In the upper part of the outer cylindrical body 6, a manifold 38 is made on its outer surface 37, the inner cavity 39 of which is connected with openings 40 for the exit of hot generator gas to the inner annular gap 10 and, on the other hand, connected to the fuel-air mixture supply system 5 in ICE 2. (Fig. 1)

ICE 2 contains a crankcase 41, at least one cylinder 42 with a piston 43 and a crankshaft 44. The crankshaft 44 is connected to an electric generator 3, from which electric wires 45 are allocated to consumers of electric energy.

ICE 2 comprises an air-fuel mixture supply system 5, which comprises a throttle valve 46 with a fourth drive 47 connected to a throttle valve 46. In addition, ICE 2 contains an exhaust system 48.

The gas duct 4 is connected to the inlet to the heat exchanger 49, the outlet of which is connected to the fine filter 50, and the output from the fine filter 50 through the flow regulator 51 is connected to the air-fuel mixture supply system 5. A fourth drive 52 is connected to the flow regulator 51. After the flow regulator 51 installed nozzle 53, which, in turn, is installed in the supply system of the air-fuel mixture 5.

An air supply pipe 54 (or oxygen) is connected to the outer cylindrical body 6, which communicates with the main cavity 11 through the middle annular wall 7 and the inner annular wall 8.

ICE 2 contains an ignition plug 55. Control lines 56 are connected to the first drive 31 and second drive 36. A radiator 59 is connected to the heat exchanger 49 by the supply and exhaust pipes 57 and 58. A fan 60 with a fifth drive 61 is installed near the radiator 59 to cool the circulating water (antifreeze )

To the spark plug 55 is connected the output of the high-voltage wire 62, connected to a distributor 63, which is connected to the ignition coil 64, which is connected by low-voltage wires 65 to the battery 66.

The grate 22 using the rod 78 is connected to the vibrator 79. The grate 22 has a side wall 80 in the form of a truncated cone to collect solid particles 81 (Fig. 1, and 5). Ash 24 is collected in the ash compartment 25.

At the outlet of the exhaust system 48 from the internal combustion engine 22, a catalytic afterburner 70 is installed (Fig. 1), designed for continuous afterburning of NOx and other harmful substances.

ICE exhausts can significantly harm the atmosphere. But the most effective means of neutralizing harmful substances: a catalytic exhaust gas afterburner.

A catalytic afterburner is designed to convert harmful substances into less harmful ones before they exit the car’s exhaust system.

The catalytic afterburner has a very simple design and is of great importance. Engine emissions include the following substances:

Gaseous nitrogen (N ₂ - air is 78% nitrogen, and most of it passes through the engine.

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is one of the products of combustion. The carbon contained in the fuel binds to oxygen from the air.

Water vapor (H ₂ O) is another combustion product. The hydrogen contained in the fuel binds to oxygen from the air.

For the most part, these emissions are not harmful, although carbon dioxide is believed to contribute to global warming. Due to the fact that the combustion process proceeds in imperfect conditions, the engine also produces a small amount of harmful emissions. The catalytic afterburner is designed to neutralize the following substances:

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas without color and odor.

Hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are formed from the fumes of unburned fuels and lead to smog.

Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2 or their common designation NOx) lead to the formation of smog and acid rain, which can have an adverse effect on the mucous membranes.

The catalytic afterburner has a simple structure: it contains ceramics filled in the body and the catalyst: a thin layer of platinum.

A fuel activator 71 is installed on the gas duct 4 in front of the nozzle 53, and a main air ozonizer 72 is installed in the air supply system 54.

The fuel activator 71 may be magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic.

For the operation of ozonizers, a high voltage source is needed, which will be described in detail below.

An additional ozonizer 73 is installed in the air supply system 4 to the internal combustion engine 2.

The internal combustion engine 2 contains an exhaust system of combustion products, in which a catalytic afterburner 70 is installed. The installation comprises an additional air supply pipe 74 with a second additional air ionizer 75.

An emergency afterburner 69 is connected to the gas duct 4 through a controllable valve 68.

The gas generating installation may include, connected at the inlet to the emergency afterburner 69, a second additional air supply pipe 76 with a third additional air ionizer 77.

in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators 1 and one heat exchanger 49.

in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators 1 and two heat exchangers 49.

The gas generating electrical installation is equipped with an air supply system 88 to the gas generator 1. The air supply system 88 includes a valve 89, a fan 90, an adjustable electric actuator 91 connected to it. Adjustable electric drive 91 is connected to the output of the speed controller 92.

The gas generating electrical installation is equipped with a gas-generating gas cooling system, which includes a heat exchanger 49, a radiator 59, and supply and exhaust pipes 58 designed for water circulation (antifreeze).

A pump 93 is installed in the pipeline 58. An adjustable pump drive 94 is connected to the pump 93. An output from the drive controller 95 is connected via an electric wire 45 to the input to the adjustable pump drive 94.

The generator installation is connected to load 96. At the input to load 96, a power meter 97, an ammeter 98 and a voltmeter 99 are installed to control the generated power.

In FIG. 4 shows the control circuit of a power plant, which contains a control unit 100 to which a sensor controller 102 is connected by a control line 101, to which all sensors are connected by a control line 101:

a gas analyzer 103 mounted at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner 70,

- temperature sensor gas generator 104 mounted at the outlet of the heat exchanger 50,

- a crankshaft speed sensor 105 mounted on the crankshaft 44 of the internal combustion engine 2 for monitoring the operation of the internal combustion engine 2 at start-up, shutdown and in the main mode,

- a position sensor of the regulator 106 mounted on the flow regulator 51,

- a throttle position sensor 107 mounted on the throttle of the shutter 46.

In FIG. 5 shows in more detail the design of the cyclone 16, for preliminary cleaning of the gas-generating gas 1 and the reactor 13.

The rationale for the optimality of the axial clearance h.

The second lower end 20 of the inner cylindrical body 8 is located at a distance h from the second lower end 20 of the middle cylindrical body 7.

h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance

H ₀ - the inner height of the middle cylindrical body 7.

When Н _{0 is} less than 0.05 Н _0, ash and slag discharge is difficult, and if h is greater than 0.1, the axial dimension of the gas generator increases unreasonably, because all the main processes of gas synthesis and purification go above the first lower end 14 and the central hole 15 in the main cavity 11.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a plant with emergency afterburning of generator gas. This circuit includes a discharge pipe 67 connected to a gas duct 4, a controlled valve 68 installed therein, and after it an emergency afterburner 69,

In the exhaust system 48, a continuously operating catalytic afterburner 70 is installed (FIG. 1).

In FIG. 6 shows in more detail the construction of the grate 22 and the mechanism of its shaking in the form of a vibrator 79 connected by the rod 78 to the grate 22. The grate 22 contains a side wall 80 made in the form of a truncated cone on which solid particles 81 are collected.

The reactor 13 has the following design. It is made in the form of a Laval nozzle and contains a tapering part 75, an expanding part 76, and a cylindrical part 77 located between them. The concentrically cylindrical part 77 is made of an annular collector 78.

The collector cavity 79 is connected by openings 80 to the air supply pipe 54. The gas generating unit (Fig. 1) contains a control unit 100 to which the output from the sensor controller 102 is connected by a control line 101. The gas generating unit contains sensors:

a gas analyzer 103 mounted at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner 70,

- temperature sensor gas generator 104 mounted at the outlet of the heat exchanger 49,

- a crankshaft speed sensor 105,

- regulator position sensor 106,

- throttle position sensor 107.

The outputs of the sensors: a gas analyzer 103, a temperature sensor for gas generator 104, a sensor for the rotational speed of the crankshaft 105, a position sensor for the regulator 106 and a position sensor for the throttle 107 are connected to the inputs of the sensors 102 by the control lines 101 (Figs. 1 and 5).

In FIG. 7 shows a detailed diagram of the ionizer 73 and its power supply with high-voltage electric current, (the design of other ionizers is similar.

The additional ionizer 73 comprises a housing 108 made of dielectric material, an external electrode 109 made of metal in the form of a cylinder, an internal electrode 110 made of metal in the form of a sleeve, dressed on an axial rod 111, also made of metal, and a radial partition 112 made of dielectric material with windows 113 for the passage of air. Spikes 114 are made on the outer surface of the inner electrode 110 to intensify ozone generation.

A first high voltage wire 115 and a second high voltage wire 116 connect the electrodes 109 and 110 to a high voltage source 117. A ground wire 119 connects the first high voltage wire 105 to ground 119.

Low voltage wires 120 are connected to the input of the high voltage source 117. An adjustable potentiometer 121 and an adjustable switch 122 are installed in the line of one of the low voltage wires 120.

The device operates as follows (Fig. 1 ... 7).

The feedstock 12 is loaded (FIG. 1) through the loading mechanism 35 into the main cavity 11. The feedstock 12 is ignited (the ignition system in FIGS. 1 ... 7 is not shown).

Air is supplied to gas generator 1 through air supply system 88 from fan 90, through open valve 89, and through air supply pipe 54.

Air is pre-ozonated in the main air ionizer 72. The feedstock 12 burns out when there is a lack of air and generator gas is formed with a temperature of 1200 ... 1300 ° C. The process of synthesis of gas-generating gas is at a temperature of from 1000 to 1300 ° C. It is preferable to maintain a temperature of about 1300 ° C. At a lower temperature, the gas-generating gas does not form in sufficient volume.

The gas-generating gas enters the inner annular gap 10, where it is twisted on the ribs 16 (Figs. 1 and 4) and the centrifugal forces discard solid particles 81 to the periphery and they are discharged along the inclined side wall 80 of the grate 22 through openings 23 together with ash 24 into ash compartment 25.

Management of the combustion mode in the gas generator in order to obtain maximum power at the outlet of the electric generator 3 is as follows:

On command from the control unit 100 to the speed controller, the latter sends a signal to increase the speed of the speed controller 92. i.e. compressor performance 90.

The amount of gas generated by the gas naturally increases and the power generated by the gas generator is proportionally increased, which is recorded by the power meter 97.

However, with a very large air flow rate, the completeness of combustion of the feedstock 12 in the gas generator 1 is excessively increased, and as is known, a gas generator gas (synthesis gas) is formed with a lack of air. The calorific value of the gas-generating gas decreases and the power recorded by the wattmeter 97 decreases. The process of increasing air flow is stopped.

The resulting gas-generating gas is burned in ICE 2. When a gas-generating gas is generated in gas-generator 1 and burned in ICE 2, a significant amount of nitrogen oxides NOx and other harmful impurities are formed. The higher the process temperature, the higher the NOx content.

Oxides of nitrogen NOx are constantly burned in the catalytic afterburner 70 (Fig. 1) and, if necessary, in the emergency afterburner 71, for example, when the internal combustion engine 2 fails.

With all changes in the operating mode of the gas generator 1 and ICE 2, the emission of harmful substances is constantly monitored using a gas analyzer 103 and measures are taken using the effect on the high voltage source 105 (or high voltage sources 105).

The operation of a high voltage source 105 and ionizers.

An additional ionizer 73 (and all other ionizers) as mentioned earlier, an external electrode 97 made of metal in the form of a cylinder and an internal electrode 98 made of metal in the form of a sleeve, dressed on an axial rod 99, also made of metal. When working between the outer 97 and inner 98 electrodes, a discharge occurs that causes ozonation, i.e. production of oxygen O ₂ ozone O ₃ .

Since the oxidizing properties of ozone are about 200 times higher than that of oxygen, its use in gas generator 1, ICE 2, in emergency afterburner 70, and in catalytic afterburner 69 leads to a significant (an order of magnitude) reduction in the emission of harmful substances.

The spikes 102 on the inner electrode 98 (FIG. 1) contribute to more intense ozone formation.

A first high voltage wire 103 and a second high voltage wire 104 connect electrodes 97 and 98 to a high voltage source 105. A ground wire 106 connects the first high voltage wire 103 to ground 107.

Low voltage wires 108 are connected to the input of the high voltage source 105. An adjustable potentiometer 109 and an adjustable switch 110 are installed in the line of one of the low voltage wires 108. The ozonizers are turned on with the help of the adjustable switch 110, and their operation mode is regulated with the help of an adjustable potentiometer (ozonizers supply voltage) .

In practice, the supply voltage to the ozonizers is increased until the reduction in the emission of harmful substances in the exhaust system of the combustion products 48 stops. The process controls the control unit using the readings of the gas analyzer 91 (Fig. 1). The entire control process is performed by the control unit 100 (Fig. 1).

At the same time, the amount of NOx and other harmful substances in exhaust gases decreases several times. Monitoring the operation of all installation systems is carried out using sensors (Fig. 1 and 4):

gas analyzer 91,

gas generator temperature sensor 92,

crankshaft speed sensor 93,

controller position sensor 94,

throttle position sensor 95.

They control the operation of the gas generator power plant and, depending on the readings of these sensors, use the control unit 100, from which signals are sent to actuators 31, 36, 47, 52, 61 and a controlled valve 68, a vibrator 79 (Fig. 1), a controlled potentiometer 109, and controlled switch 110. (Fig. 7).

When applying a scheme with two or more ICE 2 (in Fig. 1..7 this option is not shown), one of the ICE 2 can be turned off for prevention.

In the event of an emergency, for example, when using one ICE 2 and its failure, or the simultaneous failure of all ICE 2, the gas generator 1 continues to work for several hours and produce gas-generating gas. It can not be discharged into the atmosphere, as it contains many nitrogen oxides - N0x and other harmful substances. This can lead to environmental degradation.

To avoid this, open the controlled valve 68 and the gas-generating gas is burned in the emergency afterburner 69.

Monitoring the ecological state of the gas generating power plant, as mentioned earlier, is carried out continuously using a gas analyzer 91 and, if the concentration of one of the harmful substances is exceeded, the operation of the ICE 2 is corrected or the catalytic afterburner 70 is changed (Fig. 1).

The use of a group of inventions allowed:

1. Get the maximum power at the output of the generator while ensuring the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.

2. Significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere through the use of a fuel activator and air ionizers at the inlet of the gas generator and internal combustion engines and in air systems used to improve the operation of catalytic and emergency afterburners.

3. To ensure full automation of the operation of the installation containing the gas generator and internal combustion engine on household waste of any solid waste due to the control unit, sensor controller, sensors of the most important parameters and drives for loading, unloading and control systems for the operation of the gas generator and internal combustion engine.

4. To increase the efficiency of electrical installations by increasing the temperature of combustion of the generator gas and reducing heat transfer to the atmosphere.

5. To reduce the harmful effects on the environment by reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This is achieved by the use of catalytic and emergency afterburners.

5. To reduce the temperature of the gas-generating gas entering the internal combustion engine to ensure its operation using a heat exchanger and radiator.

6. To increase the reliability and reduce the cost of maintenance of the internal combustion engine due to:

- reducing the content of resins and non-combustible impurities in the generator gas during its cleaning in three stages: pre-treatment, fine cleaning and chemical treatment in afterburners,

- afterburning of harmful substances in the catalytic afterburner,

- the possibility of preventive repair of one of several internal combustion engines,

- afterburning of the gas-generating gas in the emergency afterburner, which may also have, like the catalytic afterburner, a catalyst for neutralizing harmful substances.

Claims (31)

1. A method of controlling the operation mode of a gas generating electrical installation, including loading the feedstock and supplying air to the gas generator, igniting the feedstock and supplying gas generating gas through a gas duct to an internal combustion engine, to which an electric generator is connected to generate electricity, discharge of exhaust gases from an engine exhaust system of internal combustion after its preliminary purification in a catalytic afterburner, by the fact that gas-generating gas is constantly activated and the ozonation of the air supplied to the gas generator, after starting the gas generator electrical installation, increase the air flow to the gas generator, while measuring the power generated by the electric generator, and when the maximum value is reached, stop the increase in air flow to the gas generator, while the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust system is constantly monitored and when their concentration is exceeded, the maximum permissible norms increase the degree of air ozonation. 2. A method of controlling the operation mode of a gas generating electrical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supplied to the internal combustion engine is ionized. 3. A method for controlling the operation mode of a gas generating electrical installation according to claim 1 or 2. characterized in that pre-ionized air is supplied to the exhaust system before the catalytic afterburner. 4. A gas generating installation, comprising a gas generator, comprising, in turn, housings, a loading device and an unloading device, an air supply system to the gas generator, a gas generator cleaning system, to an outlet of which a gas inlet is connected, the outlet of which is connected through a heat exchanger to the nozzle in the supply system air-fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator connected by wires to an energy consumer, characterized in that between the electric and generator of the energy consumer of power meter installed on gazovode set to nozzle activator of fuel and air supply system has the primary air ozonizer. 5. The gas generating electrical installation according to claim 4, characterized in that an additional ozonizer is installed in the air supply system to the internal combustion engine. 6. The gas generating electrical installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it is equipped with a control unit, to which control lines are connected a first drive connected to the unloading mechanism, a second drive connected to the loading mechanism, a third drive connected to a flow regulator, a fourth drive connected to the throttle, fifth drive connected by a fan, adjustable drive connected to the compressor, adjustable electric drive connected to a water pump, a vibrator connected to the grate, at the same time, the inputs of all drives are connected to the outputs from the control unit, the sensor controller is connected to the input to the control unit by the control line, sensors are connected to the sensor controller: - gas analyzer installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner, - a temperature sensor for gas generating gas installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger, - a crankshaft speed sensor mounted on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to monitor the operation of the internal combustion engine during start, stop and main mode, - a regulator position sensor mounted on the regulator, - a throttle position sensor mounted on the throttle, - a wattmeter installed between the electric generator and the energy consumer, the outputs from the sensors: gas analyzer, gas generator temperature sensor, crankshaft speed sensor, regulator position sensor, throttle position sensor, and wattmeter control lines connected to the inputs of the sensor controller. 7. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the lower end of the inner cylindrical wall is located at a distance h from the lower end of the middle wall at a distance determined from the relation: h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ , where h is the axial clearance H ₀ - the inner height of the middle body. 8. The gas generator according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a grate, which is connected to the vibrator by means of a rod. 9. The gas generating electrical installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the grate is made of an annular shape with a side wall in the form of a truncated cone. 10. A gas generating electrical installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the internal combustion engine contains an exhaust system of combustion products in which a catalytic afterburner is installed. 11. Gas-generating electrical installation according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises an additional air supply pipe with a second additional air ionizer. 12. A gas generating electrical installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that an emergency afterburner is connected to the gas duct through a controlled valve. 13. The gas generator according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a second additional air supply pipe with a third additional air ionizer.

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