RU2686240C1 - Gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering and can be used in households, farms and industry. Solving said task is achieved in a gas generator comprising a housing, a loading device, a main cavity in which a reactor is installed, a ash compartment under the reactor with a grate and an unloading device, air supply system to gas generator, gas duct, gas generator gas cleaning system, output of which is connected through heat exchanger to gas generator gas consumer, wherein gas generator is made of three bodies: external, middle and inner with annular gaps between them, wherein external annular gap is filled with heat-insulating material, in internal annular gap preliminary gas cleaning cyclone is made, which comprises inlet annular channel in lower part and outlet header with outlets in upper part, connecting inner annular gap with cavity of outlet collector, which is connected to gas line by gas duct, reactor is cooled with possibility of flow passing through it, and emergency gas burner is connected to gas duct by discharge pipe via controlled valve. Reactor can be made in the form of Laval nozzle with convergent and divergent parts and cylindrical part between them, reactor housing is made of two shells – external and internal – with a gap between them, on the outer shell there is an annular header, the cavity of which is connected radially to the middle annular cavity concentric to it, and is interconnected by tangential holes with the internal cavity of the reactor. In reactor can be used at least one air curtain of inner wall. Curtain can be made on expanding part of reactor. Curtain can be made on convergent part of reactor. Curtain can be made on expanding and narrowing parts of reactor. In lower end of reactor there can be made at an angle to axis of reactor lower outlet holes. First lower end of inner cylindrical housing can be located at distance h from upper end of grate, determined from ratio: h=(0.01...0.03)H, where h is an axial gap, His the middle hull inner height. Gas generator can be equipped with control unit, to which monitoring controller is connected, and sensors: gas analyser installed at output of afterburner, gas generator temperature sensor installed at the heat exchanger outlet, at that outputs of the sensors by the monitoring lines are connected to inputs to the sensors controller. Grate can be of annular shape with side wall in form of truncated cone.EFFECT: higher degree of gas-generator gas cleaning.10 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, and in particular to engines operating on gaseous fuel generated during the combustion of solid waste - MSW.

Production and consumption waste is one of the largest sources of environmental pollution. The annual increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) in our country is more than 30 million tons. This is a powerful renewable fuel resource that can provide huge savings in fossil fuels and provide residential and industrial enterprises with heat and electricity. In this regard, the creation of new enterprises for the disposal and recycling of waste is among the urgent state tasks.

As is known, hydrocarbon fuels are constantly becoming more expensive. In addition, its natural resources are exhaustible and can end in 40 ... 50 years.

In addition, in accordance with Technical Regulations No. 609 “On Requirements for Emissions by Automotive Vehicles Launched in the Territory of the Russian Federation of Harmful (Polluting) Substances”, the Euro-5 environmental class is introduced from January 1, 2014. From now on, all cars entering the territory of Russia must comply with this environmental standard. This applies both to vehicles produced in domestic factories and to all vehicles imported into the country from abroad: new and used; both for personal use and for commercial use.

At present, 5 waste incineration plants are being operated in Russia, the volume of disposal and disposal of solid waste at which is negligible and does not exceed 3% of the total waste (for comparison, there are more than 50 such plants in Germany alone). In this regard, the construction of waste incineration plants with the use of modern technologies that provide for the combination of the fullest use of the energy potential of solid waste with the environmental safety of the process is extremely relevant.

The process of incineration of MSW is accompanied by the formation of a number of toxic compounds: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (II) (CO), dioxins and furans, and some other pollutants. At the same time, as in the case of burning traditional types of organic fuel, nitrogen oxides make the main contribution to the total toxicity of combustion products.

Since the composition of the flue gases of incineration plants is characterized by the diversity of toxic components contained in them, they can be neutralized only when exposed to a set of technological measures, as well as chemical and physico-chemical cleaning methods. Therefore, there is a need to equip waste incineration plants with multi-stage gas cleaning systems that ensure the reduction of the content of various pollutants in the flue gases to the required standards. Moreover, each of the used cleaning technologies, as a rule, is aimed at reducing emissions of one of several types of toxic components formed.

A feature of the process of thermal disposal of MSW is the variable composition of the fuel, resulting in a continuous change in the parameters of combustion. This, in turn, causes significant fluctuations in the concentrations of toxic components in the flue gases and, as a result, insufficiently reliable operation of the cleaning system as a whole.

Constant tightening of the requirements for gas emissions from thermal power plants, which include incinerators, create the prerequisites for creating new cleaning technologies.

The need to develop and apply technologies that provide high efficiency and stable flue gas purification rates generated during the thermal disposal of solid waste of variable composition determined the direction of research, the results of which are given in this invention.

The main task of the invention: the development of a fully automated device for burning garbage and complex cleaning of flue gases generated during the combustion of gas generating gas in an internal combustion engine. Exclusion of the emission of gas-generating gas produced during the incineration of solid household waste into the atmosphere during emergency and off-design conditions.

The most difficult to clean from nitrogen oxides. Particle removal is relatively easy to solve in cyclones and other industrial cleaners.

The most radical means of reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides, both when burning MSW in a gas generator and when burning in cylinders of internal combustion engines, is its afterburning in a catalytic afterburner. This will reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides NOx several times.

Known "Gas generator" according to patent RU №2303050 from 06/29/2006, publ. 20.07.2007, IPC C10J 3/20, F23B 99/00, which contains a combustion chamber with a drying zone and pyrogenic decomposition, with tar combustion zones, regeneration and purification of generator gas, water boiler gas ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, at the same time, the gas generator is additionally equipped with a chimney separator, a gas stabilizer cooler and a generator gas preheating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the cleaning zone eneratornogo gas from entering the regeneration zone and through the air heating chamber with a combustion chamber.

But this device does not provide gas calorific value above 1560 kcal.

Known technical solution of the gasification reactor according to patent RU No. 2360949 "A method for producing synthesis gas and a gasification reactor for its implementation" dated 04.08.2008, publ. July 10, 2009, IPC C10J 3/32, C10J 3/40, C10J 3/68.

A gasification reactor containing a boiler with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged one inside the other, made in the form of annular heat-exchanging jackets, with a flue between them, with a bladed agitator of the raw material and a truncated cone, primary gasification and gas regeneration zones, a burner, a grate for tuyere steam supply to the regeneration zone, a lid and a reversing drive installed on it and a suction pipe with a pipe leveler, with a paddle tedder of the raw material and with tuyeres installed at the free end of the pipe to supply water vapor from the zone of accumulation of steam to the zone of primary gasification of the raw material.

But this device provides a two-stage production of gas with a calorific value not higher than 1560 kcal, since the burning of the overly produced synthesis gas in the primary gasification combustion zone also contributes to a decrease in gas caloric content, since a large amount of nitrogen is already present in the synthesis gas, and its combustion in this zone causes an increase in the amount of nitrogen, first in the primary gasification zone, and then in the resulting synthesis gas. In addition, the combustion of synthesis gas in the primary zone maintains the combustion temperature of 1500 ° C in order to raise to the maximum possible synthesis temperature in the regeneration zone, at the same time, this temperature contributes to the beginning of the formation of NOx in the synthesized gas, and when applying the resulting gas in gas piston power plants or in burners of heating systems, where the combustion temperature exceeds 1,500 ° C, produces additional NOx, which leads to environmental pollution.

Known methods for producing generator gas to power the internal combustion engine according to French patent No. 2455077, IPC C10J 3/20, publ. 25/04/1979, which consists in supplying heat, air, and water vapor to the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, where, as a result of the interaction of the components, a generating gas is formed. The resulting gas is purified from tar and non-combustible impurities and fed into the power supply system of the internal combustion engine.

Installations for the implementation of this method are indicated in the indicated source, which contain a reaction chamber filled with carbon-containing fuel and equipped with inlet devices for supplying heat, air, and water vapor, and a gas cleaning device connected with the engine power supply system at the outlet.

A method is known for producing generator gas for powering the internal combustion engine and an installation for its implementation according to A st. USSR №1325173, IPC F02D 43/08, publ. 07.23.1983

The method consists in supplying heat, air, water vapor and part of the engine exhaust gases to the reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel and discharging the generator gas previously purified from impurities into the engine. In the process of interaction of the component in the reaction chamber create a vacuum, and the flow of the generator gas into the engine produced through an intermediate tank.

The gas generator set includes an engine, the gas outlet line of which is connected through calibrated holes to the inlet of a reaction chamber loaded with carbon-containing fuel, equipped with a heating device and a water evaporator, and the power line is connected to the outlet of the reaction chamber. A cleaner-cooler, a vacuum pump and an intermediate tank with a supply valve are installed on the engine supply line in series along the generator gas.

In this method and device, the complete utilization of engine exhaust gases is not provided: only a small part of them is used in the process of gasification of fuel, the rest is emitted into the atmosphere. The lack of complete utilization of waste gases leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the method for producing the generating gas and the device for its production.

Known gas generator unit with an internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention №2099553, IPC F02B 43/08, publ. 12.20.1997, the prototype.

This installation contains a gas generator in which the gas outlet line is connected through a filter and a gas generating gas heat exchanger with a coolant circuit, the output from the heat exchanger is connected to the entrance to the air-fuel mixture of the internal combustion engine, the crankshaft of which is connected to an electric generator,

The disadvantages are the relatively low efficiency of the internal combustion engine due to the low caloric value of the generator gas, the lack of automation and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The task of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of gas generator gas.

Achieved technical result: increasing the degree of purification of gas-generating gas.

The solution of this problem is achieved in the gas generator, which contains the housing, the loading device, the main cavity in which the reactor is installed, the ash compartment under the grate reactor and the unloading device, the system for supplying air to the gas generator, the gas guide. the gas generating gas purification system, the outlet of which is connected through the heat exchanger to the gas generating gas consumer, while the gas generator is made of three buildings: external, medium and internal with annular gaps between them, while the external annular gap is filled with insulating material, a cyclone is made in the internal annular gap pre-gas cleaning, which contains an inlet annular channel in the lower part and an exhaust manifold with outlet openings in the upper part, which communicate the inner ring Eve clearance with the cavity of the output manifold which connected to gazovodom gazovodom reactor performs the function of the swirl flow of the device and connected to gazovodu discharge pipe via a controllable valve emergency afterburner.

The reactor can be made in the form of a Laval nozzle with a tapering and expanding parts and a cylindrical part in between, the reactor vessel is made of two shells:

external and internal with a gap between them; an annular collector is made on the outer shell, the cavity of which by radial holes communicates with the middle annular cavity made concentric with it and the tangential holes communicating with the internal cavity of the reactor.

At least one curtain for cooling the inner wall can be used in the reactor.

The veil can be made on the expanding part of the reactor. The veil can be made on the narrowing part of the reactor. The veil can be made on the expanding and tapering parts of the reactor.

The lower end of the inner cylindrical body can be located at a distance h from the upper end of the grate at a distance determined from the relationship:

h = (0.01 ... 0.03) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance,

H ₀ - the internal height of the middle case.

The gas generator can be equipped with a control unit, to which a sensor controller is connected by a control line, and sensors:

- gas analyzer installed at the outlet of the catalytic afterburner,

- gas generator gas temperature sensor installed at the exit of the heat exchanger,

however, the outputs from the sensors by the control lines are connected to the inputs to the sensor controller.

The grate can be an annular shape with a frustoconical side wall.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ... 14, where:

in fig. 1 shows the main scheme of the gas generator,

in fig. 2 shows a diagram with two gas generators and one heat exchanger,

in fig. 3 shows a diagram with two gas generators and two heat exchangers,

in fig. 4 shows a gas generator control circuit,

in fig. 5 is a diagram of a cyclone embedded in a gas generator,

in fig. 6 is a drawing of the grate,

in fig. 7 shows view A of the grate in FIG. 6,

in fig. 8 is a drawing of the reactor,

in fig. 9 shows a section A - A of the cylindrical part of the reactor in FIG. eight.

in fig. 10 shows section B-B in FIG. eight.

in fig. 11 is a view of C in FIG. eight,

in fig. 12 is a view of E in FIG. eleven,

in fig. 13 is a view B of FIG. eight,

- in fig. 14 is a view of F in FIG. E.

Designations adopted in the description:

outer cylindrical housing 1,

middle cylindrical body 2,

inner cylindrical housing 3,

outer annular gap 4.

internal annular gap 5,

heat insulation 6,

main cavity 7,

feedstock 8,

reactor 9,

tapering part 10,

cylindrical part 11,

the expanding part 12,

ring collector 13,

internal cavity 14,

radial holes 15,

middle annular cavity 16.

tangential holes 17,

internal cavity 18,

outer shell 19,

inner shell 20,

gap 21,

ribs 22,

cooling curtain 23,

tangential holes 24,

upper end 25,

upper annular cavity 26,

bottom end 27

the lower annular cavity 28,

axial holes 29,

bottom holes 30,

air supply pipe 31,

the upper end 32, the inlet 33,

loading mechanism 34

first drive 35,

collector 36,

internal cavity 37,

sleeve 38,

gas outlet 39,

first bottom end 40,

central hole 41,

the second lower end 42,

grid grate 43,

holes 44,

ash 45,

ash compartment 46,

building 47,

cavity 48,

ash discharger 49,

receiving hopper 50,

unloading mechanism 51,

second drive 52,

side wall 43,

particulate matter 54,

upper end 55,

discharge pipe 56,

controlled valve 57,

emergency catalytic afterburner 58,

heat exchanger 59,

fine filter 50,

controlled valve 61,

gas consumer 62,

supply line 63,

pump 64,

outlet pipeline 65,

radiator 66.

fan 67,

third drive 68,

control line 69,

control unit 70,

control line 71,

sensor controller 72,

gas analyzer 73,

gas generator temperature sensor 74.

The gas generator (Fig. 1 ... 14) contains three cylindrical body: outer 1, middle 2 and inner 3. Cylindrical housing 1 ... 3, mounted concentric with each other with an annular gap outside 4 and inner 5 between them. The outer annular gap 4 is filled with thermal insulation 6.

Inside the inner housing 3, a main cavity 7 is formed for the combustion process and gasification of the raw material 8. A reactor 9 is installed in the main cavity 7, in which the combustion and gasification processes of the raw material 8 begin.

The reactor 9 is made in the form of a Laval nozzle and consists of a tapering (from top to bottom) part 10, a cylindrical part 11 and an expanding part 12. The concentric cylindrical part 11 of the reactor 9 is an annular manifold 13, the internal cavity 14 of which by radial holes 15 communicates with the middle annular cavity 16 ,

which, in turn, tangential holes 17 is communicated to the internal cavity 18 of the reactor 9.

The reactor 9 is made (FIG. 9) of two shells: an outer 19 and an inner 20 with a gap of 21 between them. In the gap 21 there are ribs 22. The inner sheath 20 can have at least one cooling curtain 23 in the form of tangential holes 24.

In addition to the middle annular cavity 16, in the reactor 9 are made in the area of the upper end 25 of the upper annular cavity 26 and in the area of the lower end 27 - the lower annular cavity 28. In the upper end 25 there are axial holes 29, and in the lower end 27 - lower holes 30. The bottom holes 30 are made at an angle to the axis of the reactor 9 OO. (Fig. 9).

To the annular manifold 13 is attached a pipe for supplying air 31.

At the upper end 32 of the gas generator made the inlet 33 for loading the raw material 8 into the main cavity 7. The gas generator contains a loading mechanism 34 with the first drive 35.

In the upper part of the outer cylindrical housing 1 on its outer surface there is a collector 36, the internal cavity 37 of which with sleeves 38 for the output of the hot generator gas communicates with one side - with the internal annular gap 5, and with the other - with gas gaseous 39.

The inner case 3 has no bottom, and instead of it in the first lower end 40, a central opening 41 is made, which communicates the main cavity 7 and the inner annular gap 5.

At the second lower end 42 of the middle hull 2, an grate 43 is installed, in which holes 44 are made to exit ash 45 into the ash compartment 46. The ash compartment 46 is arranged under the grate 43 and includes a housing 47 and a cavity 48.

Under the ash compartment 46, a device for unloading ash 49 into a receiving bin 50 with an unloading mechanism 51 having a second actuator 52 is made.

The grate 43 has a truncated cone-shaped side wall 53 for collecting solid particles 54 (FIGS. 1 and 5). Ash 45 is collected in the ash compartment 46.

In the inner annular gap 5 there is formed a cyclone intended for the preliminary purification of gas-generating gas.

The role of the swirling flow device performs the reactor 9.

The middle and inner cylindrical bodies 2 and 3, the inner annular gap 5 and the reactor 9, which performs the role of a spinning device, perform the function of a system for pre-cleaning the gas-generating gas in the form of a cyclone made inside the gas generator.

The first lower end 40 of the inner cylindrical body 3 is located at a distance H from the upper end 55 of the grate 43:

h = (0.01 ... 0.03) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance,

H ₀ - the internal height of the middle housing 2.

Gas generator exhausts can damage the atmosphere. However, it is known from other branches of engineering the most effective means of neutralizing harmful substances: catalytic afterburner of exhaust gases.

Catalytic afterburner is designed to convert harmful substances into less harmful ones before they exit the vehicle's exhaust system. Catalytic afterburner has a very simple design and is of great importance. Engine emissions include the following substances: Nitrogen gas (N2) - air is 78% nitrogen and most of it passes through the engine.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the products of combustion. The carbon contained in the fuel is bound to oxygen from the air.

Water vapor (H2O) is another combustion product. The hydrogen contained in the fuel is bound to oxygen from the air.

For the most part, these emissions are not harmful, although carbon dioxide is believed to contribute to global warming. Due to the fact that the combustion process takes place in non-ideal conditions, the engine also produces a small amount of harmful emissions. A catalytic afterburner is designed to neutralize them: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas with no color or odor. Hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are formed from the fumes of unburned fuel and cause smog. Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2, or their generic term NOx) lead to the formation of smog and acid rain, which can adversely affect mucous membranes.

The catalytic afterburner has a simple construction: it contains ceramics filled in the housing and a catalyst: a thin layer of platinum.

Attached to outlet 55 is a pipe 55 containing a controlled valve 56 and an emergency after-burner 57. A catalytic after-burner can be used.

A heat exchanger 59, a fine filter 60, a controlled valve 61 and a gas consumer 62 are connected in series to the gas guide 39 in series.

A heat exchanger 66 is connected to the heat exchanger 59 by supply lines 63 with a pump 64 and a drain pipe 65. A fan 67 with a third drive 68 is installed against the heat sink 66.

To the first actuator 35, the second actuator 51, controlled valves 57 and 61 are connected control lines 69.

FIG. 2 shows a power plant with two gas generators and one heat exchanger,

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a power plant with two gas generators and two heat exchangers,

FIG. 4 shows a control circuit of a power plant, which contains a control unit 70, to which, by a control line 71, a sensor controller 72 is connected, to which all sensors are connected to control lines 71:

- gas analyzer 73, installed at the outlet of the emergency burner 58,

- gas temperature sensor gas 74, installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger 59.

FIG. 5 shows in more detail the design of the cyclone, for the preliminary purification of gas-generating gas.

The rationale for the optimality of the axial clearance h.

The second lower end 42 of the inner cylindrical housing 3 is located at a distance h from the upper end 55 of the grate 43 of the gas generator 9.

h = (0.05 ... 0.10) H ₀ ,

where h is the axial clearance,

H ₀ - the internal height of the middle cylindrical body 2.

When H _{0 is} less than 0.05 H _{0, the} discharge of ash and slag becomes difficult, and when h is greater than 0.1 H ₀ , the axial size of the gas generator increases unreasonably, because All the main processes of gas synthesis and cleaning go above the first lower end and the central hole in the main cavity 7.

The grate 43 (Fig. 6 and 7) contains a side wall 53, made in the form of a truncated cone on which solid particles 42 are assembled.

The device works as follows (Fig. 1 ... 9).

The feedstock 8 is loaded (Fig. 1) through the loading mechanism 20 into the main cavity 7. The feedstock 8 is ignited (the ignition system in Figs. 1 ... 7 is not shown).

In the gas generator 1 through the pipe supply air 17 serves Raw materials 8 burns with a lack of air and a generator gas is formed with a temperature of 1200 ... 1300 ° C. The process of synthesis of the gas generator is at a temperature of from 1000 to 1300 ° C.

It is preferable to maintain the temperature around 1300 ° C. At a lower temperature, the gas generating gas is not formed in sufficient volume.

The gas-generating gas flows into the inner annular gap 5, which is pre-twisted in the reactor 9 along the axis of the gas generator OO (Fig. 1 and 9). Centrifugal forces discard the solid particles 54 to the periphery, and they along the inclined side wall 53 of the grate 43 through the holes 44 together with the ashes 45 are dumped into the ash compartment. The resulting gas generator is burned in the gas consumer.

The process of burning MOT is fully automated. Monitoring the operation of all installation systems is carried out using sensors (Fig. 1 and 4):

- gas analyzer 73,

- gas generator temperature sensor 74.

They control the operation of the gas generator and, depending on the readings of these sensors, and using the control unit 69, send signals to the actuator 35, 52 and controllable valves 56 and 60.

When using a scheme with two and gas consumers (in Figs. 1 ... 9, this option is not shown), one of the gas consumers can be turned off for maintenance, while the gas generator continues to work.

In the event of an emergency, for example, when using a single consumer of gas or the simultaneous refusal of all consumers of gas, the gas generator continues to operate for a few more hours and produce gas-generating gas. It can not be discharged into the atmosphere, as it contains many oxides of nitrogen and N0x and other harmful substances. This can lead to environmental degradation.

To prevent this from happening, open the controlled valve 56 and the gas-generating gas is burned in the emergency after-burner 7.

Monitoring the ecological state of the gas generator power plant, as mentioned earlier, is carried out continuously using a gas analyzer 72 and, if the concentration of one of the harmful substances is exceeded, the gas generator is corrected or the emergency burner 57 is changed (Fig. 1).

The use of the invention allowed:

1. Reduce the environmental impact of the environment by reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This is achieved by using a cyclone embedded in the gas generator, in which the function of a device that twists the flow is performed by the reactor, and an emergency afterburner.

2. To reduce the size and weight of the gas generator due to the implementation of the cyclone inside the gas generator, i.e. combining two units in one.

3. To ensure the full automation of the gas generator on the household waste of any solid waste at the expense of the control unit, sensor controller, actuators and controlled valves.

4. To increase the efficiency of the gas generator by increasing the temperature of combustion of the generator gas.

5. To reduce the gas-generating gas temperature entering the internal combustion engine to ensure its operation by using a heat exchanger and a radiator.

6. To increase the reliability of work and reduce the cost of servicing the engine through:

- reducing the content of tar and non-combustible impurities in the gas-generating gas during its purification in three stages: pre-cleaning, fine cleaning and chemical cleaning in the afterburner,

- the possibility of preventive maintenance of one of several consumers of gas-generating gas,

- afterburning of gas generator gas in an emergency afterburner.

Claims (16)

1. The gas generator, containing the case, the boot device, the main cavity in which the reactor is installed, the ash compartment under the grate reactor and the unloading device, the system for supplying air to the gas generator, gas outlet, the gas generating gas purification system, the outlet of which is connected to the consumer through a heat exchanger gas generating gas, characterized in that the gas generator is made of three buildings: external, middle and internal with annular gaps between them, while the external annular gap is filled with heat By means of an internal material, a preliminary gas cleaning cyclone is made in the inner annular gap, which contains an inlet annular channel in the lower part and an outlet collector with outlet openings in the upper part, communicating the inner annular gap with the outlet manifold cavity, which is connected to the gas outlet with a gas outlet. spins of a stream passing through it, and an emergency afterburner is connected to the gas-guide pipe through a discharge pipe through a controlled valve. 2. The gas generator under item 1, characterized in that the reactor is made in the form of a Laval nozzle with a tapering and expanding parts and a cylindrical part between them, the reactor vessel is made of two shells — external and internal — with a gap between them, an annular a collector, the cavity of which by radial holes communicates with the middle annular cavity, which is made concentric with it and connected by tangential holes with the internal cavity of the reactor. 3. Gas generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one curtain for cooling the inner wall is used in the reactor. 4. Gas generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the veil is made on the expanding part of the reactor. 5. The gas generator under item 3, characterized in that the veil is made on the tapered part of the reactor. 6. The gas generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the veil is made on the expanding and tapering parts of the reactor. 7. The gas generator under item 1 or 2, characterized in that in the lower end of the reactor are made at an angle to the axis of the device lower outlet openings. 8. The gas generator under item 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower end of the inner cylindrical body is located at a distance h from the upper end of the grate, determined from the relation: h = (0.01 ... 0.03) H ₀ , where h is the axial clearance, H ₀ - the internal height of the middle case. 9. The gas generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a control unit, to which a sensor controller is connected by a control line, and sensors: - gas analyzer installed at the exit of the afterburner, - gas generator gas temperature sensor installed at the exit of the heat exchanger, however, the outputs from the sensors by the control lines are connected to the inputs to the sensor controller. 10. The gas generator under item 1 or 2, characterized in that the grate is made round with a side wall in the shape of a truncated cone.

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