RU2681343C1 - Method of increasing nonspecific resistance of the organism of the calves of the milk period of feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine; feed industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and feed production, in particular to a method for increasing the nonspecific resistance of an organism of calves of the milk feeding period. Method is characterized by the fact that in the diet of calves from 3 days old, at the rate of 150 mg/kg body weight, for 60 days daily with milk for up to 30 days and with mixed feed for the next 30 days, feed biostimulant is introduced based on a mixture of dry plants, taken in the following ratio, wt%: ordinary wormwood – 1.0; Common tansy (inflorescence) – 2.0; St. John's wort – 2.0; pharmaceutical chamomile (inflorescence) – 2.0; Yarrow – 5.0; large plantain – 5.0; Hanging birch (leaves) – 6.0; highlander – 7.0; stinging nettle – 10.0; alfalfa blue – 30.0; sainfoin – 30.0.EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to increase the non-specific resistance of the organism of calves of the dairy period, as well as to prevent gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies.1 cl, 4 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of feed production and veterinary medicine and is intended to increase the nonspecific resistance of the body of the calves during the milk period of feeding in order to prevent gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies, as well as realize the productive potential. The method consists in the use of a feed biostimulant, which reduces the use of antibacterial and other chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of animals, which reduces the risk of transferring their trace amounts along the food chain to humans.

In calves, gastrointestinal diseases are most often recorded, which is associated with the imperfection of the natural defense of their body against adverse factors. In dairy farms and complexes, the incidence of these diseases reaches a high level and leads to economic damage due to the costs of treating young animals, leads to a lag in growth and development, and in the future, to a decrease in productivity and unsuitability for replenishment of the main livestock.

In newborn calves, a system for regulating the physiological and biochemical functions of the body, which is partially offset by feeding colostrum, has not yet been developed. However, the immune status remains low and is accompanied by a low concentration of its own immunoglobulins. Therefore, the use of antibiotics, sulfonamides, vitamins and other drugs does not always give a therapeutic effect, since the body does not include mechanisms that stimulate cellular factors of immunity. To solve these problems in veterinary practice, natural immunomodulators are used, as well as pre- and probiotic drugs [1].

Prebiotics are substances that can stimulate the growth and development of indigenous (normal) intestinal microflora. A large number of chemical compounds of various types and combinations synthesized by plants have a prebiotic effect. Plants have a favorable physiological effect on the animal organism - increase appetite, promote the absorption of feed and increase growth, stimulate the development of the immune system [2].

There is a method of preventing dysbacteriosis in calves using Kumelact prebiotics (based on a honey extract of pumpkin seeds with lactulose and malic acid concentrate) and Lactumin (based on Jerusalem artichoke extract with lactulose and succinic acid concentrate) [3].

There is a method of increasing nonspecific resistance in calves, which consists in the use of alcohol tinctures from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower inflorescences, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, used internally for 10-15 days in the form an aqueous solution of 7-8% concentration [4].

There is a method of increasing nonspecific resistance of calves, which consists in feeding them daily infusion for 21 days (at the rate of 5 ml / kg weight) prepared from nettle leaves, plantain and stellate grass [5].

These drugs require preliminary preparation (alcohol or water extract from plants) and are not intended for prolonged prophylactic use.

Known feed additive containing sorbent flask - opalcristobalite breed and plant collection, including oregano, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, plantain, tansy, celandine, clover, bitter wormwood, yarrow, pharmacy chamomile, dioica nettle [6]. The additive is used in the diets of poultry as a plant stimulant for stressful conditions and the removal of toxic substances from the body from the feed.

The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of agents (phytobiotics) based on available domestic raw materials that contribute to increasing the nonspecific resistance of the body of milk-fed calves and reducing the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents in animal husbandry.

The technical result is achieved by introducing into the diet of calves a feed biostimulator, which is a collection of dry medicinal and feed plants - common wormwood, common tansy (inflorescences), St. John's wort perforated, chamomile (inflorescences), common yarrow, large plantain, silver birch (leaves), highlander bird, nettle, blue alfalfa and sainfoin sowing.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the diet of calves from 3 days of age, at the rate of 150 mg / kg body weight, for 60 days daily with milk for up to 30 days and with feed for the next 30 days, a biostimulator based on a mixture of dry plants, taken in the ratio, mass. %: common wormwood - 1.0; tansy ordinary (inflorescences) - 2.0; Hypericum perforatum - 2.0; pharmacy chamomile (inflorescences) - 2.0; yarrow - 5.0; large plantain - 5.0; drooping birch (leaves) - 6.0; highlander bird - 7.0; dioica nettle - 10.0; blue alfalfa - 30.0; sainfoin - 30.0. The method allows to effectively increase the nonspecific resistance of the body of the calves of the milk period of feeding, reduce the incidence of digestive organs and reduce the use of drugs.

Feed biostimulant is prepared as follows: the herbs are dried in air, crushed on a grinder and mixed together.

The chemical composition of the biostimulator is represented by a complex of biologically active substances, providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant substances are flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, iridoids, alkaloids, azulenes, tannins, bitterness, vitamins, organic acids.

Flavonoids provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body, counteract against inflammatory mediators. Glycosides enhance bile formation, reduce the digestion processes in the digestive tract. Polysaccharides have an anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective effect, stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, as well as bactericidal function of cells. Iridoids are contained in plants in the form of glycosides and are synthesized to protect against herbivores, insects or microorganisms. Azulenes (aromatic compounds) have anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic anti-allergenic and antispasmodic properties. Bitterness enhances bile secretion, secretion of the gastrointestinal tract and motility, improves appetite. Tannins improve the work of the antioxidant system of the liver, have a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and astringent effect. Carotene is an antioxidant and immunostimulant. Terpenoids - cyclic hydrocarbons with a specific aromatic odor - have an antimicrobial effect. Sesquiterpene lactones have antifidant (repel insects), fungicidal and antitumor activity [7, 8, 9].

Common wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) is used as an appetite enhancer, digestion enhancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory. The wormwood grass contains essential oil (0.12-2%), which includes cineole (antiseptic effect), borneol and thujone (stimulate digestion). Also found in it are carotene, thiamine, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones (absintin and anabsintin). The bitter glycosides and tannins in the common wormwood are significantly less than in its other types, for example, bitter wormwood.

Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgar) has antimicrobial, choleretic, antidiarrheal, analgesic, increases appetite, improves digestion action. Flower baskets contain bitterness (tanacetin), essential oil (up to 0.8%), which includes borneol, left-handed camphor, thujone and pinene (antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects). The plant also contains organic acids (ascorbic); flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, isoramnetin, cosmosyin, tiliantin), which have a choleretic effect; tannins (0.1%), alkaloids, carotenoids.

Hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum) has a pronounced bactericidal effect, and also has analgesic, astringent, anti-inflammatory effects. Hypericum herb contains essential oil (more than 1%), which contains cineole; tannins (up to 13%); flavonoids - quercetrin, isocvercitrin and quercetin (up to 8%); a large number of pigments (hypericin, hyperforin, hypericodehydrodriatron), azulene, carotenoids, choline, vitamins C, PP, etc.

Chamomile pharmacy (Matricaria recutita) is used as a carminative, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, choleretic. Chamomile contains a large number of active substances: essential oil (0.2-0.8%) with a large number of sesquiterpenes (cadinene, farnesene, α-bisabolol - 20-50%), azulenes (chamazulen - 4-14%); organic acids (nonyl, isovalerianic, caprylic, salicylic, nicotinic); flavonoids (apiin, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin); glycosides (dioxicoumarin); matricin (a precursor of chamazulene); carotenoids, vitamins (choline, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid); glycerides of fatty acids, mucus, gums. More than 20 macro- and microelements are present in the raw materials of the chamomile pharmacy. Especially effective is the use of chamomile in combination with yarrow.

Yarrow (Tanacetum vulgar) has anti-inflammatory, choleretic and antibacterial properties. The grass contains a large amount of carotene, tannins (tannides), bitterness (achilein), as well as essential oil (0.25-0.8%), saturated with sesquiterpenoids (achillin, acetylbalkhinolide, caryophyllene, proazulene) and monoterpenoids (camphor, tuyol, cineole, pinene, borneol), flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin), organic acids, carotenoids, choline, vitamins C and K.

Large plantain (Plantago major) has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative, wound healing, bacteriostatic effects. The leaves contain up to 20% of pectin substances, polysaccharides (pectic acid, galactoaraban, galactan), glycosides (aucubin - 0.37%), bitterness, tannins, flavonoids (luteopolin, apigenin, quercetin, scutellarein, hispidin, baikalein) lute , sorbitol, organic acids (salicylic, citric, benzoic), alkaloids, carotenoids, vitamins K, C, pantothenic acid. Aucubin, due to its bactericidal and antioxidant properties, is resistant to destruction during long-term storage of plants, is a natural preservative. Sorbitol, which gives the plant a sweet taste, has an adsorbing effect in the intestine, effectively and gently binds water together with harmful substances without damaging the mucous membrane.

Hanging birch (leaves) (Betula pendula) has choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic properties. Birch leaves contain an essential oil with a pleasant balsamic odor (up to 0.8%), which includes sesquiterpene alcohol betulol (25-47%), sesquiterpene lactone betulin, triterpenoid betulin. The leaves also contain flavonoids and flavonol glycosides (1.96-5.56%): hyperoside, rutin, avicularin; tannins (up to 9%), ascorbic acid (up to 2.8%), vitamins E, C, PP, carotene.

Highlander bird (Polygonum aviculare) has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, as well as astringent and immunomodulatory. The grass contains tannins (1.8-4.8%); flavonoids (up to 9.4%): avicularin, hyperin, isoramnetin, myricetin, quercetin, kempferol; essential oil; vitamins C, E, K, carotenoids.

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, choleretic, appetite-enhancing properties. The leaves contain carotenoids, vitamins C, K, B ₁ , B ₂ ; tannins (3.2%); urticin glycoside; flavonoids (2%): quercetin, isoramnetin, campferol; organic acids (oxalic, formic, fumaric, lactic, succinic, citric, quinic); starch (up to 10%); alkaloids (up to 0.3%): nicotine, histamine, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine.

Alfalfa blue (Medicago sativa) has an anti-inflammatory effect. The plant contains vitamins A, C, niacin, biotin, folic and pantothenic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, tannins, amino acids, a large number of macronutrients - iron, phosphorus and calcium.

Inoculum sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) has an immunomodulatory effect, enhances peristalsis. The plant contains flavonoids, fatty oils (up to 8%), carotenoids, ascorbic acid, rutin.

Example.

Scientific and production experience on calves of black-motley breed of the dairy period of cultivation was carried out in the conditions of the breeding plant named after Lenin Tambov district of the Tambov region. In accordance with the requirements for the selection of analogues, calves on the 3rd day after birth were divided into 2 groups (n = 6). The animals of the first (control) group did not use a feed biostimulator. The calves of the second (experimental) group were fed daily with a biostimulant (0.15 g / kg body weight) individually with milk from 3 to 30 days, then mixed with mixed feed for up to 60 days.

During the reference period (120 days), animals were monitored, hematological parameters were determined, gastrointestinal diseases, feed intake, dynamics of changes in live weight and average daily gain were recorded.

The system of rearing young animals, adopted on the farm, provides for its early training in the consumption of basic feed. For this purpose, only dairy feeds were normalized - whole milk and its substitute (milk replacer), and all types of bulk feeds and concentrates in the dairy period of cultivation were fed according to the actual consumption by calves. Feed accounting was carried out every ten days on two adjacent days.

It was found that the calves of the experimental group consumed more bulky feed (hay, haylage) during the reporting period compared to the control group by 14.3 and 21.4%, and compound feed (KR-1) - by 6.7%, respectively (table one).

The components of the feed biostimulant and its aromatic smell positively influenced the secretory activity of the digestive system, increased appetite and feed intake by calves, which contributed to the earlier development of the scar and microflora that inhabit it. The cost of digestible protein per 1 kg of growth in calves of the experimental group was slightly less (- 0.67%) than in control individuals with an equal energy expenditure. As a result of greater feed intake and better functioning of the digestive organs in the calves of the experimental group, the gross increase in live weight and the average daily gain over the period were 7.3% higher than in the control (table 2).

The immune status, as a complex indicator of the state of the immune system, is characterized by the functional activity of the organs of the immune system and some non-specific mechanisms of antimicrobial protection. These include the total number of blood leukocytes and their fractions - lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes. Indicators leukogram calves are presented in table 3.

A higher indicator of nonspecific cellular immunity is observed in the control group of calves, in the blood of which the total leukocyte count was higher by 1.5 × 10 ⁹ / l (p≤0.05), which is 19%. According to the leukogram, the proportion of lymphocytes in the blood of the calves of the experimental group was 4.8% higher, however, in absolute terms they were less by 0.73 × 10 ⁹ / l (p≤0.05). Lymphocytes are one of the most important parts of the immune system, as they are responsible for the production of antibodies - special proteins that bind to foreign proteins (antigens) located on the surface of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

A high level of significance of the difference in the content of other leukocyte fractions was noted: monocytes - by 0.05 × 10 ⁹ / l, or 0.43% (p≤0.01), eosinophils - by 0.09 × 10%, or 0, 9% (p≤0.05). The main function of these cells is the phagocytic defense of the body against bacteria of viruses and parasites. It was found that the number of neutrophils in the blood of calves fed with a biostimulant was also lower, both in numerical and percentage terms, by 0.57 × 10 ⁹ / L and 3.84%, respectively.

Thus, the use of a feed biostimulator in calves rations in a fairly high degree of probability provided them with resistance (resistance to various pathogens of infectious diseases) without increasing the number of cells responsible for non-specific cellular immunity.

The effectiveness of the use of feed biostimulant as a prophylaxis of gastrointestinal diseases is shown in table 4.

In the control group, three calves fell ill with digestive disorders (diarrhea) on the 9th day of cultivation. In the group of experimental animals, one case of diarrhea with a disease duration of 3 days was noted. The duration of illness of each calf averaged 6 days. In general, the incidence rate in calves of the control group was 50%, and that of the experimental group was 16.7%.

Thus, the method of increasing the nonspecific resistance of the body of calves with the aim of preventing gastrointestinal diseases, which consists in the use of a feed biostimulator, showed high efficiency - 83.3%. The described physiological and biochemical changes in the body of animals of the experimental group (recommended method) confirm the conclusion about the increase in their nonspecific resistance in comparison with the calves of the control group (traditional method of growing).

The inventive method has novelty, since the proposed composition of the components of the biostimulator has not previously been used in veterinary practice. For the first time, for calves of the milk growing period, an easy-to-prepare feed additive is proposed for long-term continuous feeding, including biologically active substances of natural origin, which increase non-specific resistance and prevent gastrointestinal diseases.

The applicant is not aware of technical solutions in which a fodder biostimulator with the same composition and in the same amounts of components would be used with the same effect, therefore, he believes that the claimed method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive method can be widely used in animal husbandry, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

INFORMATION SOURCES:

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Claims (1)

A method of increasing the nonspecific resistance of the body of milk-fed calves, characterized in that calves from 3 days of age, at the rate of 150 mg / kg body weight, are fed feed for 60 days daily with milk for 30 days and with feed for the next 30 days biostimulant based on a mixture of dry plants taken in the following ratio, wt.%: common wormwood - 1.0; tansy ordinary (inflorescences) - 2.0; Hypericum perforatum - 2.0; pharmacy chamomile (inflorescences) - 2.0; yarrow - 5.0; large plantain - 5.0; drooping birch (leaves) - 6.0; highlander bird - 7.0; dioica nettle - 10.0; blue alfalfa - 30.0; sainfoin - 30.0.