RU2473354C1 - Method for increasing non-specific resistance and productivity of young bovine animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science. Starting from 25-30 days of life, the calves are fed with milk or milk replacer and a mixture of antler cake and medicinal herbs ground to particle size 0.5 mm taken in the relation of cake :herbs as 0.5 :1 in the amount of 1.2 g of mixture per 10 kg of live animal's weight. The medicinal herbs are common origanum, common St. John's wort, ginger plant, garden burnet, common yarrow in equal proportions in the formulation.

EFFECT: use of the declared method enables higher non-specific resistance and productivity of the animals.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used for pharmacological purposes to increase the non-specific resistance and productivity of young cattle, mainly calves, as well as for the prevention and treatment of diseases of non-infectious etiology.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with digestive disorders in the gastrointestinal tract (dysbiosis, enterocolitis, mainly accompanied by putrefactive and fermentation processes), using medicinal herbs that have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tonic, antidiarrheal, regenerating effects, for example, oregano St. John's wort perforated, yarrow, tansy, medicinal hemorrhage and others in the form of infusions and decoctions (D.K. Chervyakov, P. .Evdokimov, A.S.Vishker "Drugs in Veterinary Medicine" Moscow. Ear. 1977, p.116, 130, 131, 145).

It is known that medicines and biologically active additives obtained in the process of processing antler reindeer products contain biologically active substances that have antihypertensive, adaptogenic, tonic effects (MN Popova. Preservation and processing of secondary antler reindeer products. Abstract 2006. 22 p. .), with a high content of protein, vitamins, macro-, microelements (V.G. Lunitsyn. Production, processing and biochemical composition of antler reindeer products. Barnaul. 2008. S.11-23).

It is known that upon receipt of a pantocrine biostimulator from antlers, 1-3% of their mass is extracted, therefore, a significant part of biologically active substances remains in production waste, i.e. in antler cake (V.G. No. 5. P.33).

It is known that the antler cake obtained in the process of manufacturing pantocrine was fed along with food to minks and chickens. In chickens of the experimental group receiving food with a content of 0.5% antler cake, the disease of paw dermatitis was reduced by 47% (compared with the control). The gain of 60-day-old chickens with a feed content of 3% cake increased by 25 g. The mink of the skin wetting defect was less by 52.7% compared to control animals that did not receive antler cake with food, and no adverse side effects were detected. (A.S. Tevi, V.E. Zhuravleva, G.S. Taranov. The effect of antler cake on the growth and development of minks and chickens. Antler reindeer husbandry. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 4. Altai Book Publishing House. Barnaul. 1975. S.121-125).

However, studies have shown that the use of antler cake in its pure form as a feed additive to newborn calves is unsafe due to the physiological peculiarity of the structure of the digestive tract (calves are born with undeveloped pre-stomachs that are unable to break down and absorb food, even milk), antler cake (despite high biological activity) during this period of time is a mechanical irritant and causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea.

The use of the above medicinal plants individually and in collections is inconvenient to use due to the need to prepare infusions and decoctions directly on the farm, where the conditions, as a rule, do not meet the requirements of veterinary and sanitary standards, while infusions and decoctions are characterized by a short shelf life. In addition, it is difficult to drink out preset medicinal decoctions, infusions in large volumes due to the specific smell and bitter taste with insufficient efficiency and high costs of constituent components.

In the postnatal period, newborn animals undergo quantitative and qualitative changes in the hematopoietic system, and in the body as a whole, for example, the immune system is not yet perfect and is not able to withstand microflora coming from outside (immune protection is provided by colostrum antibodies). The young body goes through the stage of physiological function formation and during this period, the influence of adverse environmental factors contributes to the development of pathological changes that rapidly develop in the gastrointestinal tract, involving the whole body in the process, the result of which is a disorder, mainly secretory, motor, excretory and absorbing functions, as well as organic disorders. The microbial composition also changes in the intestine, fermentation and putrefactive processes intensify, more often this is noted in calves and piglets during the period of the beginning of eating additional feed for milk (I.G. Sharabrin, V.A. Alikaev, etc. Internal non-communicable diseases of agricultural animals 6th ed. M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. P.193, 428, 433).

In connection with the above, it became necessary to develop a method for increasing the nonspecific resistance and productivity of young cattle on the basis of a complex preparation that promotes the most complete use of feed nutrients, the safety of calves, the elimination of side effects when feeding medicines to sick animals, i.e. increase nonspecific resistance and intensification of metabolic processes in the animal organism, and hence the productivity of young animals.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method of increasing nonspecific resistance and productivity of young cattle, calves, starting from 25-30 days of age, are mixed together with milk or whole milk replacer, a mixture of 0.5 mm antler cake crushed to a particle size and medicinal herbs with a ratio of oilcake: herbs of 0.5: 1, 1.2 g of the mixture per 10 kg of live weight of the animal; moreover, they take ordinary oregano, perforated St. John's wort, common tansy, and blood crust for pharmaceuticals, yarrow, with an equal amount of the mixture of herbs. Antler cake is a waste in the production of pantocrine.

The essence of the claimed method lies in the fact that the studies of the applicant revealed the optimal ratio of antler cake (containing macro-, microelements, vitamins, amino acids and other biologically active substances corresponding to the physiology of animals) and medicinal herbs, which significantly enhances the mechanism of influence of medicinal herbs on the digestive tract of animals, and due to the combined (complex) use of them, when they complement each other, the dose of consumption of each individually reduces Xia. Preparations from plant and animal raw materials are more preferable, since biochemical processes occurring in plant and animal organisms are similar, intermediate and final metabolic products are similar.

The chemical composition of medicinal herbs is represented by a complex of biologically active substances providing its high pharmacological effect.

Yarrow contains essential oils, which include sesquiterpenoids - achillein, chamazulen, acetyl balhinomide, caryophyllin, esters; monoterpenoids - camphor, thujone, cineole and others; formic, acetic, isovaleric acid, vitamins K and C, carotene, bitterness. In a mixture with other herbs, yarrow, used to treat gastritis, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer, has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the intestines, urinary and biliary tract, increases bile secretion and flatulence.

Hypericum perforatum contains diantrone, hypericin, flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin), tannins, essential oils, tarry substances, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and is used in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as an astringent and antiseptic.

Origanum common contains essential oils, its main components are thymol (up to 44%), carvacrol, sesquiterins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, tannins. Origanum common is used in breast, diaphoretic collections for colds and other diseases of the respiratory system as an anti-inflammatory and expectorant, enhances intestinal motility during atony.

Common tansy (inflorescences) in folk medicine is used as for ascariasis, enterobiosis, gastritis, colitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, choleretic effect due to phlovanoids. Tansy has diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-febrile properties and is used for infectious and acute diseases, inflammation of the small and large intestines and bladder. Tansy essential oils have a locally irritating effect.

Medicinal hemorrhage - the roots contain tannins of the pyrogallic group, gallic, ellagic and oxalic acids, pigments, starch, essential oils, gallotanides, calcium oxalate, vitamin C, carotene, saponin, sanguisorbine, sterols. Hemophilia preparations are used for gastrointestinal diseases (enterocolitis, intoxications and gastrogenic diarrhea), as an antiseptic in relation to E. coli and less pronounced in relation to typhoid, paratyphoid and dysenteric bacilli.

Studies to identify the optimal ratio of components and doses of the drug were carried out on 320 calves (analogues) of cattle 25-30 days of age. The effectiveness of various combinations of oilcake and medicinal herbs was evaluated by clinical signs, safety, taking into account the live weight of animals in the experimental and control groups, morphological and biochemical blood parameters after a 30-day experiment. The components of the preparation were ground to 0.5 mm particles.

The optimal dose of the claimed drug was determined on clinically healthy calves contained in 7 modular groups, divided into four experimental groups, 10 animals each. The eighth - control group also consisted of 40 clinically healthy calves and was kept on the diet without giving the drug food. Calves of all modular groups, along with milk milk once a day, for 30 days, were given the test drug in five combinations of cake: grass (1: 1, 1: 0.5, 0.5: 1, 1: 0.25, 0.25: 1) at 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.75 g per 10 kg of live weight of the animal, cake six was fed to the sixth module group 1.5, 3.0, 3.75, 4.5 g and the seventh module group - a mixture of medicinal herbs taken in equal amounts by 1.5, 2.5, 2.85, 3.0 g per 10 kg of live weight of the animal. The results were taken into account according to clinical indicators (table 1).

As can be seen from table 1, the calves of the third modular group showed the most optimal results, with a ratio of cake: grass 0.5: 1 and a dose of 1.2, 1.5, 1.75 g per 10 kg of live weight, where the incidence was 25%, while the incidence in other groups it was at the level of 35-50%, and in the control group -87.5%, while only in the third modular group there was no severe form of the disease. In order to confirm the optimality of the method parameters after the experiment, morpho-biochemical studies of the blood of animals from the third modular group were carried out at a dose of 1.2 g (as a more economical dose compared to 1.5 and 1.75) table 2.

table 2 Morpho-biochemical blood parameters of the calves of the modular group with a ratio of oilcake: grass 0.5: 1 and a dose of 1.2 g compared to the control Indicators Group Experienced Control Hemoglobin, g / l 108.6 89.6 Red blood cells × 10 ¹² / L 7.74 6.14 Leukocytes × 10 ⁹ / L 4.28 4.6 Total protein, g / l 58.2 52.9 Albumin, g / l 41.06 26.78 Protein Index 0.70 0.37 Alkaline phosphatase, units / l 4.4 4.98 Urea, micromole 3,7 2.82 Iron, μmol / L 272.5 144.2 Magnesium, mg% 2,8 2,3 Calcium, mmol / L 9.0 7.5 Phosphorus, mmol / L 3.12 2.1 Sodium, mmol / L 129.9 72,4 Potassium, mmol / L 1,54 1,5 Glucose, mmol / L 4.75 5,0 AlAT, mmol / l 0.3 0.32 AsAT, mmol / l 0.32 0.34

From the results of morpho-biochemical studies (table 2) it is seen that the optimal ratio of oilcake: medicinal herbs 0.5: 1 and a dose of 1.2 g of the drug per 10 kg of live body weight, provide maximum values for experimental calves in terms of the total amount of protein in serum blood, iron, calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, red blood cells, relative to control animals. An increase in the intensity of protein metabolism in calves of the experimental group correlates with activation of the albumin-synthesizing function of the liver hepatocytes. The intensity of protein metabolism in animals is reflected by the albumin-globulin coefficient (protein index), the higher it is, the more efficient is protein metabolism, which positively affects metabolic processes in general and the level of productivity in particular. In the third experimental group, with a ratio of cake: grass 0.5: 1 and a dose of 1.2 g, the protein index was 0.70, this is the maximum indicator for all experimental calves, which predetermined the best increase in live weight of 74.5% obtained in this group compared with the control (table 3).

Table 3 The effectiveness of the drug Indicators Weight gain, kg in groups with a ratio of cake: herbs 0.5: 1 and a dose of 1.2 control Live weight at the beginning of the experiment, kg 59,4 59.2 Live weight at the end of the experiment, kg 81.2 68.7 The average daily gain in live weight, g 726 416 The percentage of excess daily average live weight experienced to control 74.5 -

Studies have shown that the claimed method when using antler cake in combination with medicinal herbs at the optimum ratio and dose found does not adversely affect animal health, and its use activates non-specific resistance factors without taking their level beyond physiological limits, without causing any or any negative changes in the body, increasing erythropoiesis by 26%, with an increase in the amount of hemoglobin by 21%, which indicates an increase in hematopoiesis associated with stimulation The effect of the drug on humoral and cellular factors of immunity and providing a high level of redox processes, which leads to intensive use of food nutrients and an increase in the average daily gain in body weight of animals.

An example of the method: 500 g of oilcake, 200 g of St. John's wort, 200 g of tansy, 200 g of hemorrhage, 200 g of yarrow and 200 g of oregano are mixed and ground to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

Calves of 25-30 days of age, after determining live body weight, calculate the individual norm of the given drug at the rate of 1.2 g per 10 kg of weight. So a calf weighing 45 kg will need 5.4 g of the mixture (1.2 g × 4.5). The drug is given together with milk or milk replacer (whole milk replacer) once a day. The duration of use of the recommended drug depends on the physiological state of the animals (hypotrophic, weakened), season (winter-spring period), and financial well-being of the economy.

Claims (2)

1. A method of increasing nonspecific resistance and productivity of young cattle, characterized in that the calves, starting from 25-30 days of age, are fed with a mixture of milk crushed to a particle size of 0.5 mm, antler cake and medicinal products together with milk or whole milk replacer herbs with a ratio of oilcake: herbs 0.5: 1, 1.2 g of the mixture per 10 kg of live weight of the animal, moreover, they take ordinary oregano, perforated St. John's wort, common tansy, medicinal hemorrhage, yarrow th with an equal number of them in the mixture of herbs. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the antler cake is waste in the production of pantocrine.