RU2662425C1 - Method of treating degenerative-dystrophic cervical and dorsal spine diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to neurology, sports medicine and orthopaedics, and can be used at treating of cervical and thoracic osteochondrosis. For this, a set of exercises is carried out for 15 sessions. With that 7 exercises are consistently performed. Patient performs 12 repetitions, each repetitive movement for at least 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed with an interval of 30 seconds.

EFFECT: method ensures obtaining persistent therapeutic effect in a short time and a regression of clinical symptoms.

1 cl, 7 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to methods for treating cervical and thoracic osteochondrosis and can be used in neurology, sports medicine, orthopedics. Technical result: The method is highly effective. It allows you to get a high and lasting therapeutic effect in a short time, often after 5-7 sessions, with a quick regression of clinical symptoms. The method includes performing a set of exercises for 15 lessons. 7 consecutive exercises are performed. Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions, each repetitive movement for at least 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds. Additionally, you can conduct exercises that do not involve the cervical spine. The method allows to exclude surgical treatment.

The invention relates to medicine, namely to methods for treating cervical osteochondrosis of the spine, and can be used in neurology, physiotherapy, reflexology, physiotherapy, sports medicine, orthopedics.

A known method of manual exposure according to V.K. Kalabanov (RF patent 2237459), which consists in performing a post-activation stretching (PA) by a doctor, which consists of four stages, namely, preliminary passive muscle stretching by a doctor, then the patient performs dynamic activation for 4-5 seconds, while the doctor performs inferior work, then the patient performs static activation for 4-5 seconds, during which the doctor fixes the achieved position, after which the doctor conducts a repeated significant passive muscle tension for 8-10 seconds. However, these exercises are not suitable for independent performance.

A known method of healing the human body (RF patent 2286760). The method includes using the yoga exercises in stages. In this case, in the first stage, exercises are carried out aimed at increasing the stability and orientation of the body in space, accompanied by muscle tension in the inspiration and the weakening of their tension on the exhale, in the second stage - on increasing muscle strength, endurance, flexibility of the body, and when exhaling isometric tension muscles, and on inspiration - their relaxation, in the third stage, against the background of a positive emotional mood, sensations of heat, cold and tingling in the body are formed in the body with their successive movements in different directions sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes in the projection of the organs of internal secretion, the genitourinary system, spine and sensory organs, achieve a state of autosuggestion and self-massage the points located on the back of the hand - He-gu and in the third of the leg - Zu-san-li, This isometric exercises combined with exercises of a dynamic and static nature, and the maximum static force should not exceed 5 seconds. However, on exhalation, any muscle relaxes reflexively, so it is physiologically impossible to strain it isometrically, therefore this voltage is less effective.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency, reliability, reduce the rehabilitation period of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the cervical and thoracic spine.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the implementation of the complex of exercises occurs regularly for 15 lessons. 7 consecutive exercises are performed. Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions, each repetitive movement for at least 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Over the past decade, rehabilitation measures in the treatment of cervical and thoracic syndromes have changed. Previously preferred passive techniques have given way to an interdisciplinary approach. Massage techniques, wearing collars and systematic adjustments have given way or are used with active, cautious exercises and continued physical activity. You can stop the pain syndrome with correctly selected exercises in combination with drug therapy

The anatomical feature of the cervical spine is its proximity to important nervous and vascular structures. Vertebral arteries, spinal nerve and spinal cord are adjacent directly to the intervertebral discs. With sudden acceleration or deceleration of movement, sharp rotation, the above structures can collide with intervertebral discs, for example, during sports, passive neck movements or injuries of the cervical spine.

An important component of the biomechanics of the cervical spine is the apparent imbalance of small cervical vertebrae and a relatively heavy head. In connection with this feature, together with the large amplitude of movements in all directions, obvious prerequisites for injury are created.

Before undertaking any interventions on the cervical spine, the physiotherapist should remember that in elderly patients this section of the skeleton undergoes a natural, favorable, partial immobilization. That is why rehabilitation measures and methods of physiotherapy exercises should be applied not only to the cervical spine, but also to work with the thoracic spine.

Due to the dorsal bending of the thoracic spine, the ventral parts of the thoracic vertebral-motor segments (hereinafter referred to as the PDS) receive the greatest load.

In physiological lordosis of the cervical spine, the compression force load is transferred mainly due to the intervertebral joints and interlaminar soft tissues, but in the thoracic region it entirely falls on the vertebral bodies and discs.

When lifting loads and rotations, the main load falls on Th8-Th12, i.e. to the lower thoracic department, therefore, degenerative-dystrophic changes can be seen on radiographs in these segments.

The thoracic vertebral-motor segments, even if they are unstable as a result of degenerative-dystrophic changes, are physiologically splinted by the costal skeleton by means of the costal-transverse joints, therefore the clinical picture is not pronounced.

If the symptoms of dorsopathy of the thoracic spine are provoked by compression of the roots of the spinal nerves, then increased impulse leads to prolonged disturbances in the blood supply to the soft tissues of the spine and degenerative changes in the ligaments. Over time, the stability of PMD is offset by marginal growths (osteophytes). Moreover, the stabilization of one PMD leads to increased mobility of neighboring PMD. Clinically, dorsopathy of the thoracic spine is manifested by pain due to a violation of the connection of the ribs with the bodies and transverse processes of the vertebrae through the openings in which the spinal nerves exit.

To perform the exercises, you need the following equipment: gymnastic ball, elastic band, rubber shock absorber with handles.

The instability of the ball allows you to develop agility, flexibility and coordination. The main criteria for selecting a gymnastic ball for a patient are size (diameter) and degree of compression (stiffness).

An elastic tape for performing exercises is selected together with a physical therapy physician depending on the patient's condition, as well as on the degree of resistance of the tape.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-7. In FIG. 1-5 shows exercises using a gymnastic ball and elastic tape, and in FIG. Figures 6, 7 show exercises using elastic tape or a rubber shock absorber.

Exercise number 1. To perform the exercises, you need a gymnastic ball and an elastic band (Fig. 1).

Starting position: the patient sits on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, depending on the degree of difficulty of the exercise. The patient chooses the degree of tension of the elastic tape independently, choosing the average level of resistance in such a way as to feel muscle tension in the area of the shoulder blades.

The patient holds an elastic tape in his hands and begins to slowly spread his arms at the level of 1-2 intercostal spaces, just below the collarbone 1-2 cm. When performing the movement, it is necessary to close the shoulder blades and hold this position for 4 seconds.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions, each repetitive movement for at least 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Exercise number 2. To perform the exercises, a gymnastic ball and an elastic tape are necessary (Fig. 2).

Starting position: the patient sits on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, depending on the degree of difficulty of the exercise. The patient chooses the degree of tension of the elastic tape independently, choosing the average level of resistance in such a way as to feel muscle tension in the area of the shoulder blades.

The patient holds an elastic tape in his hands and begins to slowly spread his arms at the level of the umbilical region, while the elbows are pressed to the body.

When performing the movement, it is necessary to close the blades at the lower point of contact and hold this position for 4 seconds.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with a delay of 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Exercise number 3. To complete the exercise, a gymnastic ball and an elastic band are needed (Fig. 3).

Starting position: the patient sits on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, depending on the degree of difficulty of the exercise. The patient chooses the degree of tension of the elastic tape independently, choosing the average level of resistance in such a way as to feel muscle tension in the area of the shoulder blades.

The patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly spreads his straightened arms at the level of the xiphoid process. When extending the arms and closing the shoulder blades, the palms should be in the position of maximum supination (palms up).

When performing the movement, it is necessary to close the blades at the lower point of contact and hold this position for 4 seconds.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with a delay of 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Exercise number 4. To perform the exercises, you need a gymnastic ball and an elastic band (Fig. 4).

Starting position: the patient sits on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, depending on the degree of difficulty of the exercise. The right hand is raised up, and the left hand is down. The patient chooses the degree of tension of the elastic tape independently, choosing the average level of resistance in such a way as to feel muscle tension in the region of the shoulder joints (deltoid muscles).

Performing the exercise: the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly performs rotational movements forward, describing the circle, so that the shoulder in the upper position rotates as close to the head as possible, and the contralateral limb in the lower position rotates as close to the hips as possible.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with each hand. In total, 24 rotations of 4 seconds per circle are performed.

Exercise number 5. To perform the exercises, you need a gymnastic ball and an elastic band (Fig. 5).

Starting position: the patient sits on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, depending on the degree of difficulty of the exercise. The right hand is raised up, and the left hand is down. The patient chooses the degree of tension of the elastic tape independently, choosing the average level of resistance in such a way as to feel muscle tension in the region of the shoulder joints (deltoid muscles).

Performing the exercise: the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly performs rotational movements backwards, describing the circle, so that the shoulder in the upper position rotates as close to the head as possible, and the contralateral limb in the lower position rotates as close to the hips as possible.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with each hand. In total, 24 rotations of 4 seconds per circle are performed.

Exercise number 6. To perform the exercise, you need an elastic tape or rubber shock absorber (Fig. 6).

Starting position: the patient stands opposite the Swedish wall, feet together.

Exercise: the patient holds a rubber shock absorber or elastic tape in his hands, bending his arms at the elbow joints, slowly rises to his toes, pulling his hands to his belt, drawing his elbows behind his back, and brings the shoulder blades together.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with a delay of 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Exercise number 7. To perform the exercise, you need an elastic tape or rubber shock absorber (Fig. 7).

Starting position: the patient stands opposite the Swedish wall, feet together.

Exercise: the patient holds a rubber shock absorber or elastic band in his hands, slowly rises to his toes, raising his hands behind his back, and brings the shoulder blades together.

Repeatability of exercises: the patient performs 12 repetitions with a delay of 4 seconds. In total, 3 approaches are performed, with an interval of 30 seconds.

Each exercise presented in this complex can have several options: various body positions, exercise machines, work blocks, devices, angles, setting limbs, etc.

A set of physical exercises is the basis of a medical rehabilitation program, which is individually compiled and applied by doctors and physical therapy instructors for patients with degenerative diseases of the cervical and thoracic spine.

The use of this complex when working with the overwhelming majority of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the cervical and thoracic spine seems to us not rational. The main factor in choosing an exercise is an understanding of the goals and objectives of the prescribed treatment complexes, competent calculation of the therapeutic effect and the effect on the patient's condition.

In some clinical cases, the selection of exercise options is much more complicated and exercises from this list are not enough. This set of exercises is the individual basis of the treatment and rehabilitation program.

Example. Patient D. born in 1977. Growth 167. Weight 98. Actively engaged in the Fitness center. MP-picture of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine with a violation of statics. Dorsal hernia of the intervertebral discs C5-C6. Dorsal protrusion of the intervertebral disc C3-C4. MP picture of degenerative and dystrophic changes in the thoracic spine. Dorsal hernia of the intervertebral disc Th7-Th-8. Moderate pain during rotation.

A set of exercises was used, in combination with analgesic therapy. The positive therapeutic effect of using the complex of exercises came in 2 weeks. Relapse of pain in the neck was not observed during dynamic observation of the patient for 12 months.

Claims (7)

A method for the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the cervical and thoracic spine, including performing repeated physical exercises, characterized in that the complex of exercises consisting of seven consecutive exercises is performed for 15 lessons, the patient performs 12 repetitions, each repeated movement of at least 4 seconds in three sets with an interval of 30 seconds, while the first, second, third, fourth and fifth exercises are performed using a gymnastic ball and elastic th tape from the patient’s starting position while sitting on the gymnastic ball so that the legs are bent at the knee joints at an angle of 90 degrees, while the legs can be shoulder width apart or brought together, the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands and in the first exercise the patient begins slowly spread your arms at the level of 1-2 intercostal space, just below the collarbone 1-2 cm; when performing a movement, it is necessary to close the blades and hold this position for 4 seconds; in the second exercise, the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands and begins to slowly spread his arms at the level of the umbilical region, while the elbows are pressed to the body, while it is necessary to close the shoulder blades at the lower point of contact and hold this position for 4 seconds; in the third exercise, the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly extends his straightened arms at the level of the xiphoid process, while keeping the arms apart and closing the shoulder blades, palms should be in the palms up, and when performing the movement, it is necessary to close the shoulder blades at the lower point of contact and hold it position for 4 seconds; in the fourth exercise, the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly performs rotational movements forward, describing the circle so that the shoulder in the upper position rotates as close to the head as possible and the contralateral limb in the lower position rotates as close to the hips as possible; in the fifth exercise, the patient raises his right hand up and his left hand drops down, while the patient holds an elastic tape in his hands, then slowly performs rotational movements backwards, describing the circle so that the shoulder in the upper position rotates as close to the head as possible and the contralateral the limb in the lower position rotated as close to the hips as possible; the sixth exercise is performed using an elastic tape or rubber shock absorber from the patient’s starting position, standing opposite the Swedish wall, feet together, while the patient is holding a rubber shock absorber or elastic tape, as shown in FIG. 6, bending his arms at the elbow joints, slowly rises to his socks, pulling his hands to his belt, drawing his elbows behind his back, and brings the shoulder blades; the seventh exercise is performed using an elastic tape or rubber shock absorber from the patient’s starting position, standing opposite the Swedish wall, feet together, while the patient is holding a rubber shock absorber or elastic tape, as shown in FIG. 7, slowly rises to his toes, raising his hands behind his back, and brings the shoulder blades.

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