RU2654355C1 - Adapter for early potato harvest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Adapter contains mounted digging tools on a frame, a pulling device, a slat potato chain and a tubers separation mechanism that is installed behind the pulling device and is made in the form of a pair of active rollers with convex corrugation along a helix. Rollers are installed with a clearance at an angle to each other with the possibility of adjusting their angle of inclination.

EFFECT: ensures obtaining organic early potatoes, reducing bruising, improving separation off the ground, increasing labor productivity.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting early potatoes.

In the industrial production of early potatoes, two weeks before harvesting, they are treated with various chemicals to speed up the drying process of tops and separation of stolons. In this case, additional special expensive machines and unsafe chemicals are used. In small-scale production, it is advisable to use compact single and double row tuber harvesting machines with a top-lifting device combined with a subsequent device for the mechanical separation of tubers.

Known comb-roller topper harvester device, including a bar elevator, a topper guide (combing) comb, a topping pick roller, tuber-diverting separating elevator (A. A. Sorokin "Theory and calculation of potato harvesters." M., 2006, GNU VIM, p. 108).

The tubers are separated from the stolons by this device by the action of the botanical catching roller on the tuber in the process of pulling the tops between the bar elevator and the botanical catching roller.

The disadvantages of the known device are the need to use an additional device - a topper (combing) comb - and the difficulty of combining it with top-lifting devices.

Known digger-swather for harvesting Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which includes sequentially mounted copying wheels on the frame, digging up working elements, a separating elevator, a haul-off device with a tuber separation mechanism and a conveyor for removing plant residues. There is a conveyor-roll former (Patent RU No. 2519221A, IPC A01D 27/04, 2014), a prototype.

The top-lifting device of the known machine receives rhizomes dug up by tubers with a ploughshare, transports them above the separating elevator, and holds the rhizome when the tubers are torn off. The tuber detachment mechanism is made in the form of rollers with a horizontal axis of rotation.

The disadvantage of the prototype in the first place is that the rhizomes are processed for a short period of time. Moreover, to ensure the process of separation of tubers, the rollers must rotate at high speed, which will cause damage to the tubers of early potatoes when they are separated from the tops.

An object of the invention is to obtain environmentally friendly early potatoes, reduce trauma, improve separation from the ground, increase labor productivity, reduce production costs.

The task is achieved in that the adapter for harvesting early potatoes, including a frame, digging up working bodies, a top-lifting device, a bar-bar separating elevator, a tuber separation mechanism, according to the invention, the tuber separation mechanism is installed behind the top-lifting device and made in the form of a pair of active rollers, made with convex corrugation along a helix and installed with a gap at an angle to each other with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the installation location of the adapter for harvesting early potatoes on a tuber harvester; in FIG. 2 - adapter - top view; in FIG. 3 is a view along arrow A of the tuber separation mechanism.

The adapter for harvesting early potatoes is mounted on a tuber harvester and includes sequentially mounted on the adapter frame 1 a digging ploughshare 2, a top-lifting device 3, a bar-bar separating elevator 4, and a tuber separation mechanism. The tuber separation mechanism consists of a pair of active rollers 5 with a surface groove along a helical line mounted on the adapter frame 1 behind the top-lifting device 3 at an angle B to each other with the possibility of adjusting this angle. There is a finger slide 6 for removing plant heaps, a hopper 7 for a tuber harvesting machine. The drawing shows the stems 8, tubers 9.

The corrugation of the surface of the active rollers 5 along a helix at an angle B to each other provides better retraction of the tops between the rollers when separating tubers.

The invention works as follows.

The tops are raised and mowed with grinding, leaving stems 20-25 cm high.

A replaceable specialized working body is installed on the tuber harvester - an adapter for harvesting early potatoes.

During operation, the adapter for harvesting early potatoes digs and raises a partially destroyed soil layer and the roots and tubers located in it with a share 2. The stems are lifted and brought up by the toppers to the flexible tapes of the working circuits of the topping device 3, which grab the bushes of young potatoes by the stems and move them over the bar-bar separating elevator 4, until they are dumped into the angular gap between the active rollers 5. Active rollers 5, rotating towards each other to a friend, they tighten the stems with a corrugated helical surface, displace them along the direction of movement of the machine, separate the tubers and then throw them on the field. The angular gap between the rollers 5 allows you to catch and tighten the stems in the gap between them. Screw corrugation of the surface of the active rollers 5 increases their traction ability, promotes the advancement of the stems along the direction of movement of the machine and the separation of tubers. The separated tubers 9 fall into the hopper 7 of the tuber harvesting machine.

The advantage of using an adapter for harvesting early potatoes is the simplicity of the design, sparing effect on the tubers, in comparison with the prototype, better separation from the ground, reducing production costs.

The application of the invention will allow to obtain environmentally friendly early potatoes, reduce trauma, improve separation from the ground, increase labor productivity, reduce production costs.

Claims (1)

The adapter for harvesting early potatoes, including mounted on the frame digging tools, a top-lifting device, a bar-bar separating elevator and tuber separation mechanism, characterized in that the tuber separation mechanism is installed behind the top-lifting device and is made in the form of a pair of active rollers with convex corrugation along a helical lines installed with a gap at an angle to each other with the ability to adjust the angle of their inclination.

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