RU2637785C1 - Machine for harvesting jerusalem artichoke tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises a frame, supporting wheels, digging working bodies, a pulling device with a tuber-separating mechanism, a slatted separating elevator, mechanisms of transportation and additional cleaning of tubers, a hopper, and a discharge conveyor. The separating elevator is made slatted-finger with rubber-coated fingers with a speed exceeding the movement speed of the pulling device. The pulling device is made belt-type with different movement speeds of the belts ensuring the rhizome rotation at an angle of 180-360°.

EFFECT: improving the quality of separating Jerusalem artichoke tubers from a rhizome, reducing injuries, improving separation from soil, increasing labour productivity.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting root crops, namely Jerusalem artichoke.

A known machine for harvesting root crops, mainly Jerusalem artichoke, including successively mounted digging tools on the frame: separating elevator, lump-breaking, conveying and unloading device (Patent for invention RU No. 2212126, A01D 17/04, 2001) - Analog.

The lump-breaking device of the known machine, which simultaneously performs the role of a tuber detachment mechanism, is made in the form of counter-rotating rotors installed in a longitudinally vertical plane, the surface of each of which is formed from cantilever-fixed rods working towards the flow of rhizomes.

A disadvantage of the known machine is that to ensure the process of tuber detachment it is necessary that the rotors of the tuber detachment mechanism rotate at high speed, while the extracted plant on the separating elevator is in a free position, is not oriented by the rhizome to the rotors and enters the rotors by any part, which can cause damage to tubers or poor separation.

Known digger-swather for harvesting Jerusalem artichoke tubers, including sequentially mounted copying wheels on the frame, digging up working elements, a separating elevator, top-lifting device with a tuber separation mechanism, a conveyor for removing plant residues, a conveyor-swather (patent RU No. 2579274, IPC A01D 27/04 , 2014) - The prototype.

Top-lifting device promotes retention of rhizome when tubers are separated from it. The mechanism of separation of tubers is made in the form of rollers. However, the rollers themselves, installed on the path of movement, are an obstacle to the transportation of rhizomes and contribute to the loss of rhizomes from the top-lifting device. In addition, rhizomes are processed for a short period of time and only on one side, which is not enough to completely separate the tubers. Moreover, to ensure the process of separation of tubers, the rollers must rotate at high speed, which causes damage to the tubers when they are separated from the rhizome. All this leads to the need for additional measures to clean the rhizome in the hospital.

An object of the invention is to improve the quality of separation from the rhizome of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, reduce trauma, improve separation from the ground, increase labor productivity, reduce the cost of production of Jerusalem artichoke.

The task is achieved in that the Jerusalem artichoke tubers harvesting machine, including a frame, support wheels digging up working bodies, a top-lifting device with a tuber detachment mechanism, a slatted separating elevator, tuber transportation and post-treatment mechanisms, a hopper and an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the separating elevator is made as planned -finger with rubberized fingers, with a speed exceeding the speed of movement of the top-lifting device, while the top-lifting device is made tape with different speed of movement of the tapes, providing rotation of the rhizome at an angle of 180-360 °.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a machine for harvesting Jerusalem artichoke tubers - side view, FIG. 2 - section along aa.

The Jerusalem artichoke tubers harvesting machine contains successively mounted on the frame 1, support wheels 2, discs 3, ploughshare 4, a top-lifting device 5, a stripping-separating device located under it and made in the form of a finger-and-finger separating elevator 6 with rubberized fingers, a finger slide 7, transverse slat conveyor 8, bucket conveyor 9, storage hopper 10, discharge conveyor 11.

The glove-and-finger separating elevator 6 moves at a speed exceeding the speed of the top-lifting device 5. The top-lifting device is made tape with different speeds of the belts, providing rhizome rotation by an angle of 180-360 °.

The implementation of the top-lifting device 5 tape with different speeds of movement of the tapes allows you to rotate the rhizome during transportation, and the palm-and-finger separating elevator 6 provides a uniform strip of rhizomes when they are rotated by the top-lifting device 5.

The invention works as follows.

The green mass of Jerusalem artichoke is mowed, leaving stems 20-25 cm high. During operation, the pick-up picker cuts with disks 3, digs up and raises with the ploughshare 4 a partially destroyed soil layer and the stems with rhizome inside it, which are then captured by flexible tapes of the working circuits of the topping device 5, which moves them over the palm-finger separating elevator 6. The palm-finger separating elevator 6, moving at a speed greater than the speed of movement of the topping device 5, captures and separates lubes, removes and partially destroys clods of earth hanging on the root, which fall and, for the most part, fall through the rods of the palm-and-finger separating elevator 6. Flexible tapes of the working circuits of the top-lifting device 5 are driven by separate hydraulic motors (not shown), which are set different rotation speeds, which causes the rhizome to rotate 180-360 ° in the top-lifting device and brush itself off from different sides with rubberized fingers of a plan-finger separating elevator 6 moving at a speed greater than the speed terebilnogo apparatus. The tubers and clods of the earth are discharged onto the finger hill 7, where they are cleaned of heaps and, under their own weight, are rolled onto the transverse slatted conveyor 8, which carries the tubers, separating from the ground, and loads them into the bucket conveyor 9. The bucket conveyor 9, in turn, lifts them up, where they also slide under their weight, falling into the storage hopper 10. When unloading the hopper 10 into the vehicle, an unloading conveyor 11 is used.

The advantage of using the Jerusalem artichoke tubers harvesting machine is the high-quality separation of tubers from Jerusalem artichoke rhizomes, sparing effect on tubers compared to the prototype, better separation from the ground, increased labor productivity, and reduced production costs of Jerusalem artichoke.

Claims (1)

Jerusalem artichoke tubers harvesting machine including a frame, support wheels, digging up working bodies, a top-lifting device with a tuber separation mechanism, a planar separating elevator, tuber transportation and post-treatment mechanisms, a hopper and an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the separating elevator is made of finger-and-finger rubberized fingers with a speed exceeding the speed of movement of the top-lifting device, while the top-lifting device is made tape with different speeds of the belts, ensure which rotate the rhizome at an angle of 180-360 °.

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