RU2639965C1 - Small-weapon locking mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: small-weapon locking mechanism comprises a slide made in the form of a cylinder 1 and a breechblock 2, with a one-lever pivoted arm 3 mounted on it. The cylinder 1 and the breechblock 2 are arranged in series, and the back surface of the cylinder 1 is wedged.EFFECT: increased reliability of the locking mechanism operation, reduced wear of the locking system elements, reduced vertical size of the weapon.14 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, and in particular to the design of semi-free bolts with levers mounted on them.

An automatic weapon is known with a locking mechanism containing a bolt with a pair of two-arm levers symmetrically mounted on it, the ends of which can interact with the inclined surface of the grooves of the receiver, and a massive part with a hammer sliding inside the bolt (see, for example, US Pat. No. 2,089,671 with a convention priority of 07/08/1933). The locking mechanism belongs to the group of semi-free shutters. The advantages of this locking mechanism include the compactness and symmetry of locking, and the disadvantages are the short duration of the energy redistribution stage between the bolt and the massive part, which negatively affects reliability, as well as the friction of the sliding of the ends of the levers on the walls of the receiver when the shutter rolls, which causes intense wear in this pair of interaction.

Known locking mechanism of small arms containing a bolt, comprising a skeleton and a larva with a pair of rollers symmetrically mounted on it, having the ability to interact with the inclined surfaces of the stop of the receiver, the skeleton, as well as with the resistant surface of the larva (see, for example, description of German patent No. 9555392 with a priority of June 25, 1943 and a description of an additional German patent No. 976428 with a priority of June 30, 1944). The locking mechanism also belongs to the group of semi-free shutters.

This technical solution was implemented in the MG 45 experimental machine gun. For the locking mechanism to work correctly, it is necessary that the depth of the groove in the receiver under the roller be less than its radius. The roll out roll path during unlocking and, consequently, the duration of the energy redistribution stage between the skeleton and the larva when the rolls converge, are small enough, which negatively affects reliability. When rolling the slide group, the roller slides along the inner surface of the receiver, and when unlocked, it slides along the surfaces of the larva, emphasis and skeleton, which causes intense wear.

The locking mechanism with rollers symmetrically located on the bolt was further developed thanks to the designers Ludwig Forggrimler (see, for example, the description of Swiss patent No. 367086 with priority dated November 24, 1956), the technical solutions of which were implemented, in particular, in Stgw assault rifles .45 and G3, as well as to Rudolf Amsler (see, for example, descriptions of Swiss patents No. 339540 with priority dated 05/13/1955; No. 350225 with priority from 04/05/1957; No. 362341 with priority from 10/16/1958 .), the technical solutions of which were implemented, in particular, in the assault stgw rifle. 57. These locking systems have the same disadvantages as those described above.

Thus, in the known constructions of semi-free shutters with locking rollers, to increase reliability, it is necessary to increase the duration of the energy redistribution stage between the larva and the shutter skeleton, that is, the extension of the roll-out path of the roller S is necessary (see Fig. 1). This can be achieved either by increasing the radius of the roller, or by reducing the abutment angle α between its base and work surface. However, an increase in the radius of the roller will lead to an increase in the dimensions of the locking unit, in particular the depth and width of the groove in the receiver, and a decrease in the angle α will reduce the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton, which is unacceptable.

An automatic weapon is known, the locking mechanism of which contains a shutter consisting of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, the front surface of the end of which has the ability to interact with the larva, and the back with the emphasis of the receiver (see, for example, the description of the US patent No. 2270683 with a convention priority of 12/14/1936). This locking mechanism is taken as a prototype. The locking mechanism also belongs to the group of semi-free shutters. This constructive implementation of the locking mechanism allows to achieve when unlocking a sufficiently high gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton. However, the skeleton is located above the larva, which increases the vertical dimensions of the weapon and shifts the center of mass of the bolt group up. The end of the locking lever during unlocking slides along the stop of the receiver, and when the bolt is rolling over the inner surface of the receiver, which causes intense wear in these interaction pairs.

It should be noted that the projection of the one-armed pivot arm (see Fig. 2) will have three characteristic points. Point A will be the point of contact of the lever with the emphasis of the receiver, point B will be the point of contact of the lever with the surface of the larva, and point C will be the axis of the one-armed lever.

Further development of this locking system is technical solutions according to international applications WO 9827396 with priority dated December 18, 1996, WO 2007137524 with priority from May 25, 2006, and also according to US patent No. 8117957 with priority dated January 27, 2011. These systems locking has the same disadvantages as their ancestor.

The aim of the invention is to create a locking mechanism in which a one-arm lever would be used, but which would be devoid of the main drawback of the locking mechanism of František Janicek (see, for example, the description of US patent No. 2270683) - the location of the skeleton above the larva, increasing the vertical dimensions of the weapon, and with a pair of single-arm levers on the shutter symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axis of the shutter, the duration of the energy redistribution stage between the larva and the skeleton would be higher than for systems with locking polar rollers (see., e.g., the description of the German patent №976428).

For this, in the locking mechanism of small arms containing a bolt made in the form of a larva and a skeleton with a rotary single-arm lever mounted on it, which can interact with the larva and the emphasis of the receiver, the larva and skeleton are installed in series, the back surface of the larva is made wedge-shaped. The one-arm lever may have an approximately triangular or Δ-shaped outline. At the “triangle lever” ABC (see Fig. 9), the vertex A will be the point of contact of the lever with the emphasis of the receiver, the vertex B will be the point of contact of the lever with the surface of the larva, and the vertex C will be the axis of the one-armed lever. Also, the single-arm lever can have an approximately V-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped outline. Such a constructive implementation of the one-arm lever will allow the larva and skeleton to be arranged sequentially one after another, bringing the center of mass of the bolt group closer to the longitudinal axis of the weapon barrel and shortening the length of the locking assembly. The end of the lever in contact with the stop will be more deeply located relative to the stop, which will increase the roll out path S of the locking element (lever).

The emphasis of the receiver can be made in the form of a removable insert, the working surface of which in plan can be represented as a straight, broken line or convex arc. Replacing the thrust pad with another, with a different shape of the working surface and / or angle α between its base and the working surface, will allow changing the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton, which will expand the functionality of the weapon and increase its reliability when working with ammunition of various capacities and / or when changing the length of the barrel of a weapon.

The surface of the shutter larva, interacting with the end of the one-armed lever, can be represented in plan as a straight line with an angle β between its upper base and working surface, a broken line or a concave arc, which, in combination with a correctly selected insert-stop, will achieve optimization when unlocking stage redistribution of energy between the larva and the skeleton of the shutter.

At the ends of the one-armed lever interacting with the shutter larva and with the emphasis of the receiver, rollers can be installed. This will allow us to move from sliding friction to rolling friction in the contacting pairs of the lever-larva and lever-stop, which will reduce wear and increase their durability.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a roller locking according to German patent No. 955392;

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the lever locking according to US patent No. 2270683;

in FIG. 3 - the locked position of the shutter (the stop surface and larvae are straight), diagram;

in FIG. 4 - the beginning of the unlocking of the shutter (the surface of the stop and the larva are straight), diagram;

in FIG. 5 - the unlocked position of the shutter (the stop surface and larvae are straight), diagram;

in FIG. 6 - locked position of the shutter with paired levers (emphasis surfaces and larvae are arched), diagram;

in FIG. 7 - the beginning of the unlocking of the shutter with pair levers (emphasis surfaces and larvae are arched), diagram;

in FIG. 8 - the unlocked position of the shutter with pair of levers (emphasis surfaces and larvae are arched), diagram;

in FIG. 9 - the locked position of the shutter (single arm lever Δ-shaped outline), diagram;

in FIG. 10 - locked shutter position (one-arm lever of the L-shaped outline), diagram;

in FIG. 11 - locked shutter position (one-arm lever of a T-shaped outline in plan), diagram;

in FIG. 12 - locked shutter position (single-arm lever of a V-shaped outline in plan), diagram.

The locking mechanism contains a shutter made in the form of sequentially installed larvae 1 and the core 2 with a single-arm pivoting lever 3 mounted on it, having the ability to interact with the wedge-shaped rear surface of the larva 1 and the emphasis 4 of the receiver 5.

The locking mechanism operates as follows. For example, consider a bolt with a drummer 6 fixed on the skeleton, rollers mounted on the end of a single-arm lever 3, and also with a trigger (not shown) that allows firing from a rear sear.

Pulling and releasing the handle associated with the skeleton of the 2 shutter, the shooter puts the weapon on the platoon. To open fire, the shooter presses the trigger and under the action of the return spring 7 the skeleton and the larva begin to move in the direction of the barrel chamber 8, while removing the cartridge from the magazine and directing it into the chamber. When the larvae of the bolt 1 in the extreme forward position (cartridge in the chamber of the barrel 8), the skeleton 2 continues to roll. In this case, the roller 9 of the one-armed lever 3 gets the opportunity, abutting against the rear surface of the larva 1, to roll along it, turning the lever 3 and allowing the skeleton 2 to move relative to the larva 1 under the action of the spring 7. Also, while the roller 10 interacts with the emphasis 4 of the barrel boxes 5. When the skeleton 2 comes to its extreme forward position, the drummer 6 fixed on it breaks the cartridge capsule (see Fig. 3). A shot is taking place. The bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the larva 1 in the direction of the rollback. Moving backward, the larva 1 transfers the force to the roller 9 of the lever 3, trying to turn it down (counterclockwise), however, due to the reaction force acting in the place of contact of the roller 10 with the stop 4, the lever 3 is rotated up (clockwise). The roller 9 rolls along the wedge-shaped surface of the larva 1, and the roller 10 - on the working surface of the stop 4. In this case, the energy is redistributed between the larva 1 and the skeleton 2. The larva 1 is inhibited, and the skeleton 2 is accelerated and displaced relative to it (see Fig. 4) . After the termination of the interaction of the roller 10 with the working surface of the stop 4, the frame 2 and the larva 1 begin to roll away as a whole (see Fig. 5). When they roll back, the ejected cartridge case is also ejected. When the trigger is released, the bolt rises to the cocking position, and when released, the cycle of work is repeated until the ammunition is used up in the weapons store.

The operation of the locking mechanism with paired levers symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the shutter will be similar to that described above and shown schematically in FIG. 6 - FIG. 8. The only difference is the presence of the trigger 11 in the trigger mechanism, and on the skeleton 2 - a spring-loaded striker 12, which will allow firing from the front sear.

For the convenience of assembling and disassembling weapons, the locking levers shown in FIG. 9 - FIG. 12 can be made in the form of a pair of patch elements, similar to the implementation of the locking elements described in US patent No. 1333498 (see pos. 19 in Fig. 14 of US patent No. 1333498). And the levers shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 8 can be mounted on a skeleton in a manner similar to that described in US Pat. No. 3,035,500 to install stoppers on the larva of the stopper (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of US Pat. No. 3,035,500).

The design of the shutter in the form of larvae and skeleton sequentially installed one after another makes it possible to bring the center of mass of the bolt group closer to the longitudinal axis of the barrel of the weapon, which reduces the magnitude of the recoil arm, and the deep location of the end of the lever in contact with the stop increases the rollout path S of the locking element (lever ), increasing the duration of the stage of energy redistribution between the larva and the skeleton and, as a result, reliability. Also, unlike the prototype, the locking unit is short.

Claims (14)

1. The locking mechanism of small arms, containing a shutter made in the form of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, capable of interacting with the larva and the emphasis of the receiver, characterized in that the larva and skeleton are installed in series, and the back surface of the larva is made wedge-shaped . 2. The locking mechanism according to p. 1, characterized in that the emphasis of the receiver is made in the form of a removable insert. 3. The locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surface of the stop of the receiver in the plan can be represented as a straight line. 4. The locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surface of the stop of the receiver in the plan can be represented as a broken line. 5. The locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surface of the stop of the receiver in the plan can be represented as a convex arc. 6. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the one-armed lever in the plan can be represented as a straight line. 7. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the one-armed lever can be represented as a broken line in plan. 8. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the one-armed lever can be represented in plan as a concave arc. 9. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-arm lever has an approximately Δ-shaped outline. 10. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-arm lever has an approximately V-shaped outline. 11. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-arm lever has an approximately L-shaped outline. 12. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-arm lever has an approximately T-shaped outline. 13. The locking mechanism according to paragraphs. 1 or 9-12, characterized in that a roller is installed at the end of the one-armed lever interacting with the shutter larva. 14. The locking mechanism according to paragraphs. 1 or 9-12, characterized in that a roller is mounted at the end of the one-armed lever interacting with the emphasis of the receiver.

Images