RU2636186C2 - Light weapons breech block (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: light weapons breech block contains a bolt 1 and a bolt support 3 with a rotary single-arm lever 4 mounted thereon, which is operable to cooperate with receiver 6 lock 5. According to the first version, gate 2 can be mounted on the bolt, having the possibility of mounting in several fixed positions relative to the bolt 1, and also having the possibility of interaction with the rear part with rotary single-arm lever 4. According to a second version, a repositionable joggle 7 can be mounted on the rotary single-arm lever 4, having the possibility of interacting with the rear part of bolt 1. According to the third version, a swing stop 8 is provided on the bolt 1, made in the form of a single-arm lever, the end of which is able to interact with the arcuate surface of rotary single-arm lever 4 mounted on the bolt support 3.EFFECT: operative adaptation of weapons with the principle of giving half-free bolt to use with ammunition of non-standard capacity, as well as to hindered operating conditions, is appraised.3 cl, 34 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to sliding semi-free bolts with pivoting levers.

Automatic firearms are known (see, for example, the description of Czechoslovakia's patent for invention No. 65274 with priority dated 12/14/1936). In this weapon, a semi-free bolt is divided into two parts, a larva and a skeleton, on which a single-arm rotary lever is mounted. The advantages of the locking system include a large gear ratio of the lever, since the contact line between the rear end of the larva and the lever is close to the contact point of the lever with the stop. The disadvantages include the fact that in the presented form the locking mechanism can only be used for weapons, the automation of which is based on the release of a half-free shutter, and also that it cannot be quickly adapted for ammunition of different power. Direct descendants of the described semi-free shutter are, for example, technical solutions for international applications WO 9827396 with a priority of 12/18/1996, WO 2007137524 with a priority of 05/25/2006 and US patent No. 8117957 with a priority of 7/24/2009. These semi-free shutters have the same advantages and disadvantages as their ancestor.

Known locking mechanism of small arms or artillery (see, for example, the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2002195 with priority from 09/18/1992, class F41A 3/36). This locking mechanism comprises a receiver with a combat stop, a locking frame, a locking lever, a return mechanism with a rod and a shutter made in the form of a skeleton and a larva, the larva being movably mounted in the skeleton with the possibility of swinging in a vertical longitudinal plane and directly affecting the bolt frame, and the locking lever is made single-armed and installed in the bolt frame with the possibility of swinging and interaction with the combat emphasis of the receiver and with the back of the shutter skeleton. The one-arm swinging lever in this locking mechanism carries exclusively the function of the locking element, which narrows its capabilities and requires the presence of an additional element (rotary larva) to redistribute energy between the moving parts of the shutter.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a simple and technological locking mechanism with a one-arm rotary lever, which would allow it to be used in weapons that use automation that operates on the basis of the principle of recoil of a half-free shutter and / or on the basis of the gas exhaust principle. Moreover, in the semi-free shutter mode, the design of the locking mechanism with a one-arm rotary lever would allow the weapon to be quickly adapted to the use of ammunition of non-standard power and / or difficult operating conditions, thereby expanding its functionality.

To do this, in the locking mechanism of small arms, containing a stop in the receiver, a bolt, a bolt frame with a pivoting one-arm lever mounted on it, that can interact with the combat stop of the receiver, a bolt is mounted on the bolt, which can be installed in several fixed positions relative to the bolt , as well as having the ability to interact with the rear with a single-arm rotary lever.

Quick rearrangement of the rear relative to the bolt allows you to change the gear ratio of the lever between the bolt and the bolt frame, thereby making it possible to use ammunition for various tactical purposes with different charge power in the weapon, or allowing the automatic weapons to function reliably in difficult conditions. The lowest position of the back provides a gear ratio so large that the shutter cannot unlock without force acting on the shutter frame either by the hands of the shooter (in non-automatic mode) or the rod connected to the gas piston (during gas exhaust operation).

The back of the can move relative to the shutter along the guides made between them. Guides can be made, for example, rectangular or trapezoidal type "dovetail".

To ensure a uniform position between the shutter and the bolt frame, at different positions of the back of the shutter relative to the shutter, the angle α between the guide surface of the back and the transverse vertical plane is equal to the angle β between the front surface of the one-armed lever and the transverse vertical plane. Thus, the rear, with any installation relative to the shutter, will be able to contact the lever.

As a limiter to the movement of the back of the relative to the shutter, as well as the longitudinal movement of the shutter relative to the shutter frame, a transverse pin can be used, the design of which is similar to the design of the pin according to Czechoslovakia patent No. 24025 with priority of 06.22.1926.

Also, as a limiter for the movement of the back of the barrel relative to the bolt, a transverse spring-loaded pin can be used, the design of which is similar to the design of the latch of the TT pistol magazine (see, for example, Manual on small arms Revolver model 1895 and Pistol model 1933, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1975, p. 65, Fig. 58).

It is also possible that the locking mechanism of small arms comprises a stop, a shutter, a bolt frame with a pivoting one-arm lever mounted on it that can interact with the combat stop of the receiver when a pivot protrusion mounted on a pivoting one-arm lever can be installed in several fixed positions relative to the lever, as well as having the ability to interact with the back of the shutter. The thrust protrusion can move relative to the lever along the guides made between them.

To ensure uniform position between the shutter and the bolt frame at different positions of the thrust protrusion relative to the lever, the angle λ between the guide surface of the lever and the transverse vertical plane is equal to the angle μ between the rear surface of the shutter and the transverse vertical plane. Thus, the thrust protrusion, with any installation relative to the lever, will be able to contact the shutter.

As a limiter for the movement of the thrust protrusion relative to the lever, as well as the longitudinal movement of the shutter relative to the bolt frame, a transverse pin can be used, the design of which is similar to the design of the pin according to Czechoslovak patent No. 24025 with priority of 06.22.1926.

It is also possible that the locking mechanism of small arms comprises a stop, a shutter, a bolt frame with a rotary single-arm lever mounted on it, which can interact with the combat emphasis of the receiver when a rotary stop made in the form of a single-arm lever is mounted on the bolt, having the ability to install in several fixed positions, and the end of which has the ability to interact with the arcuate surface of a single arm rotary lever, anovlennogo on the slide frame.

On the front of the one-armed lever mounted on the bolt frame, a section is made in plan, which is an arc of a circle of radius R ₁ . When the shutter position is locked, the center of this circle coincides with the point lying on the axis of rotation of the rotary stop mounted on the shutter.

As a limiter for the rotation of the pivot stop relative to the shutter and the longitudinal movement of the shutter relative to the shutter frame, a transverse pin can be used, the design of which is similar to the pin according to Czechoslovakia patent No. 24025 with priority of 06.22.1926.

Also, as a limiter for the rotation of the pivot stop relative to the bolt, a transverse spring-loaded pin can be used, the design of which is similar to the design of the latch of the TT pistol magazine (see, for example, the Manual on the Shooting Case Revolver model 1895 and the Gun model 1933, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1975, p. 65, Fig. 58).

In order to reduce the impact on the reliability of the automatic weapons operation of the sleeve friction conditions in the chamber, unloading grooves can be made in it, the design of which is similar to the design presented, for example, in the description of GB patent GB 191508943 with a convention priority of 06/18/1914.

in FIG. 1 - the shutter is locked (extreme forward position, cartridge in the chamber, rear in the highest position III (minimum permissible gear ratio of the lever));

in FIG. 2 - rollback of the shutter and slide frame;

in FIG. 3 - section of the bolt frame along the central longitudinal vertical plane (shutter is locked);

in FIG. 4 - section of the bolt frame along the central longitudinal vertical plane (shutter rollback);

in FIG. 5 - the shutter is locked (the rear in the intermediate position II (standard gear ratio of the lever));

in FIG. 6 - rollback of the shutter and slide frame;

in FIG. 7 - the shutter is locked (the back in the lowest position I (maximum gear ratio of the lever));

in FIG. 8 - rollback of the shutter and slide frame;

in FIG. 9 - gas outlet unit (valve open);

in FIG. 10 - gas outlet unit (valve is closed);

in FIG. 11 is a section AA in FIG. 3;

in FIG. 12 is a section BB in FIG. 3;

in FIG. 13 - one-arm lever;

in FIG. 14 is a section BB in FIG. 13;

in FIG. 15 is a view D in FIG. 13

in FIG. 16 is a view of D in Fig.13

in FIG. 17 - the frame of the shutter;

in FIG. 18 is a cross section of the back of the shutter body;

in FIG. 19 is a view E of FIG. 17;

in FIG. 20 is a view W in FIG. 17;

in FIG. 21 is a view 3 in FIG. 17;

in FIG. 22 - the back of the shutter;

in FIG. 23 is a view of And in FIG. 22;

in FIG. 24 is a view K of FIG. 22;

in FIG. 25 is a view A of FIG. 22;

in FIG. 26 - bolt frame;

in FIG. 27 is a view M of FIG. 26;

in FIG. 28 is a view H of FIG. 26;

in FIG. 29 is an embodiment of a locking mechanism with a persistent protrusion on a single-arm lever (persistent protrusion in an intermediate position, the shutter is locked);

in FIG. 30 - the back of the shutter and bolt frame (persistent protrusion in the lowest position, the shutter is locked);

in FIG. 31 - the back of the shutter and bolt frame (persistent protrusion in the extreme upper position, the shutter is locked);

in FIG. 32 is an embodiment of a locking mechanism with a rotary stop on the shutter (rotary stop in an intermediate position, the shutter is locked);

in FIG. 33 - the back of the shutter and bolt frame (rotary stop in the highest position, the shutter is locked);

in FIG. 34 - the back of the shutter and the bolt frame (rotary stop in the lowest position, the shutter is locked)

The locking mechanism for small arms (in the case of a backplate on the skeleton) comprises a shutter 1, with a back 2 fixed on it, a shutter frame 3 with a single-arm lever 4 mounted on it, which can interact with the combat emphasis 5 of the receiver bis from the back of the back 2.

The locking mechanism of small arms (in the embodiment with a persistent protrusion on the lever) comprises a shutter 1, a bolt frame 3 with a pivoting one-arm lever 4 mounted on it, which can interact with the combat stop 5 of the receiver 6, and a pivot protrusion 7 is mounted on the pivoting one-arm lever 4 having the ability to install in several fixed positions relative to the lever 4, and also having the ability to interact with the rear of the shutter 1 (see Fig. 29 - Fig. 31).

The locking mechanism of small arms (in the embodiment with a rotary stop on the bolt) comprises a bolt 1, a bolt frame 3 with a rotary one-arm lever 4 mounted on it, which can interact with the combat stop 5 of the receiver 6, and a rotary stop 8 made on the bolt 1 in the form of a one-armed lever, which can be installed in several fixed positions, and the end of which has the ability to interact with the arcuate surface of the rotary single-armed lever 4 mounted on the bolt frame 3 (see Figures 32 -.. FIG. 34).

Consider the main options for the operation of the weapon with a locking mechanism, on the shutter 1 of which the back plate 2 is installed. For example, take a weapon firing from a rear sear and equipped with a block 9 with a gas valve 10, and also equipped with a gas piston 11 mounted on a spring-loaded rod 12.

Example 1

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the back 2 is in the standard position II (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), and the gas valve 10 is closed (see Fig. 10). Thus, weapons automation will work on the basis of the principle of recoil half-free shutter.

When the shutter is released from the cocking, under the action of the return spring 13, the shutter frame 3 together with the shutter 1 begin to move forward. In this case, the single-arm lever 4 abuts against the rear of the back of the 2, pushing the shutter. The shutter 1 with its front end retrieves the cartridge from the magazine (not shown) and starts sending it into the barrel 14. Not reaching the end of the barrel chamber 14, the protrusions 15 of the one-armed lever 4 come out of the guides 16 of the receiver 6, allowing the one-armed lever 4 to rotate relative to its axis GS ¹ and its bottom end engage with the set in the receiver 6 lugs 5 and the gate frame 3 to shift relative to the gate 1. The end of single-armed lever 4 tylnikom actually wedged between 2 and 5. The lugs Yes its single-armed pivoting lever 4 at its projection front surface of the hammer 17 acts on the shutter 1. The shutter 1 tylnikom 2 and the gate frame 3 reach extreme forward position. A shot occurs (see FIG. 5).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the shutter 1, which, in turn, transfers it to the one-arm lever 4 by the rear end surface of the rear 2. The one-arm lever 4 tends to rotate relative to the contact axis of its lower end with the stop 5. In this case, the one-arm lever 4 is rotated about its axis OO ¹ and discards the bolt frame 3. The one-arm lever 4 with its lower end slides along the stop 5, while continuing to rotate about its axis OO ¹ . The protrusions 15 of the one-armed lever 4 are included in the guides 16 of the receiver 6. After the end of the interaction of the lower end of the one-armed lever 4 with an emphasis 5, the rolling shutter frame 3 becomes the leading link in the automation and carries the shutter 1 with the rear 2 (see Fig. 6). Due to the groove and protrusion made on the shutter frame 3 and the shutter 1, the overclocked shutter frame 3 carries the shutter 1 with the back 2 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Also, instead of a groove and a protrusion, to limit the possibility of longitudinal movement of the shutter 1 with the back 2 relative to the shutter frame 3, a transverse pin can be installed on it, and a groove is made on the shutter (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).

Further, when the bolt with the bolt frame is rolled back, the return spring 13 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt is set to the cocking position with the trigger released (not shown). When the trigger is pressed, the automatic operation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 2

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the back 2 is in the lowest position I (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), and the gas valve 10 is open (see Fig. 9). Thus, the automation of weapons will work on the basis of the gas principle.

When the shutter is released from the cocking, under the action of the return spring 13, the shutter frame 3 together with the shutter 1 begin to move forward. In this case, the single-arm lever 4 abuts against the rear of the back of the 2, pushing the shutter. The shutter 1 with its front end retrieves the cartridge from the magazine (not shown) and starts sending it into the barrel 14. Not reaching the end of the barrel chamber 14, the protrusions 15 of the one-armed lever 4 come out of the guides 16 of the receiver 6, allowing the one-armed lever 4 to rotate relative to its axis GS ¹ and its bottom end engage with the set in the receiver 6 lugs 5 and the gate frame 3 to shift relative to the gate 1. The end of single-armed lever 4 tylnikom actually wedged between 2 and 5. The lugs Yes her single-armed pivoting lever 4 at its projection front surface of the hammer 17 acts on the shutter 1. The shutter 1 tylnikom 2 and the gate frame 3 reach extreme forward position. A shot occurs (see FIG. 7).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the shutter 1, which, in turn, transfers the rear end surface of the rear 2 to the single-arm lever 4, but since the gear ratio of the lever with this setting of the rear 2 on the shutter 1 is very large, the shutter is unlocked will not happen.

After the bullet passes the gas outlet of the barrel 14, the powder gases flow through the channel block 9 with the gas valve 10 to the piston 11 mounted on the spring-loaded rod 12. The piston 11 will begin to shift backward, transferring force to the rod 12, which at its end will transmit it to the shutter frame 3. The shutter frame 3 will begin to retreat, withdrawing the lever 4 from the interaction with the stop 5 and dragging the shutter 1 along with the rear 2 (see Fig. 8).

Next, when the shutter recoils, the return spring 13 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt is put into action with the trigger released (not shown). When the trigger is pressed, the automatic operation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 3

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the back 2 is in the standard position II (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), and the gas valve 10 is open (see Fig. 9). Thus, weapons automation will work in a combined mode based on the principles of recoil of a half-free shutter and gas vent.

When the shutter is released from the cocking, under the action of the return spring 13, the shutter frame 3 together with the shutter 1 begin to move forward. In this case, the single-arm lever 4 abuts against the rear of the back of the 2, pushing the shutter. The shutter 1 with its front end retrieves the cartridge from the magazine (not shown) and starts sending it into the barrel 14. Not reaching the end of the barrel chamber 14, the protrusions 15 of the one-armed lever 4 come out of the guides 16 of the receiver 6, allowing the one-armed lever 4 to rotate relative to its axis GS ¹ and its bottom end engage with the set in the receiver 6 lugs 5 and the gate frame 3 to shift relative to the gate 1. The end of single-armed lever 4 tylnikom actually wedged between 2 and 5. The lugs Yes its single-armed pivoting lever 4 at its projection front surface of the hammer 17 acts on the shutter 1. The shutter 1 tylnikom 2 and the gate frame 3 reach extreme forward position. A shot is taking place.

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the bolt 1, which, in turn, transfers it to the one-arm lever 4 with the rear end surface of the rear 2. In case of difficult operating conditions or insufficient ammunition, the force transmitted to the bolt frame 3 through the lever 4 can not enough to unlock the shutter. With the gas valve 10 open, the end of the rod 12 will transfer the shutter frame 3 the missing force necessary to unlock the shutter 1. The shutter frame 3 will begin to retreat, withdrawing the lever 4 from the interaction with the stop 5 and entraining the shutter 1 with the rear 2.

Further, when the bolt with the bolt frame is rolled back, the return spring 13 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt is set to the cocking position with the trigger released (not shown). When the trigger is pressed, the automatic operation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 4

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the back 2 is in the lowest position I (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), and the gas valve 10 is closed (see Fig. 9). Automatic weapons will not work.

When the shutter is released from the cocking pad under the action of the return spring 13, the shutter frame 3 together with the shutter 1 begin to move forward. In this case, the single-arm lever 4 abuts against the rear of the back of the 2, pushing the shutter. The shutter 1 with its front end retrieves the cartridge from the magazine (not shown) and starts sending it into the barrel 14. Not reaching the end of the barrel chamber 14, the protrusions 15 of the one-armed lever 4 come out of the guides 16 of the receiver 6, allowing the one-armed lever 4 to rotate relative to its axis GS ¹ and its bottom end engage with the set in the receiver 6 lugs 5 and the gate frame 3 to shift relative to the gate 1. The end of single-armed lever 4 tylnikom actually wedged between 2 and 5. The lugs Yes its single-armed pivoting lever 4, protrusion on its front surface 17 acts on the hammer shutter 1. The shutter 1 tylnikom 2 and the gate frame 3 reach extreme forward position. A shot is taking place.

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the shutter 1, which, in turn, transfers the rear end surface of the rear 2 to the single-arm lever 4, but since the gear ratio of the lever with this setting of the rear 2 on the shutter 1 is very large, the shutter is unlocked will not happen.

To reload the weapon, the shooter will need to manually slide the bolt frame 3 back after each shot, compressing the return spring 13, throwing the spent sleeve into the extraction window of the receiver and putting the bolt on the combat cock.

Installing the rear 2 in its highest position III allows you to use ammunition with a semi-free bolt release mode, ammunition with a reduced charge, or can be recommended in difficult operating conditions, since the gear ratio of the lever will be the minimum allowable.

The main options for the operation of weapons automation with the described locking mechanism and the gas outlet are presented in Table 1, and in weapons without a gas outlet are shown in Table 2.

It should be noted that the back 2, the thrust protrusion 7 or the pivot stop 8 can have more than one fixed position between the extreme upper and lower. This will allow you to more accurately adjust the weapon to the operating conditions in the case of using the semi-free mode of operation of automation.

Thus, the proposed embodiments of the locking mechanism are simple structurally and, accordingly, technologically advanced to manufacture. They can be used in weapons that use automation operating on the basis of the principle of recoil of a half-free shutter and / or on the basis of the gas exhaust principle. Moreover, in the semi-free shutter mode, the design of the locking mechanism allows you to quickly adapt the weapon to the use of ammunition of non-standard power and / or difficult operating conditions, thereby expanding the functionality of the weapon and increasing its reliability.

Table 1

table 2

Claims (3)

1. The locking mechanism of small arms, containing the bolt and bolt frame mounted on it with a rotary single-arm lever that can interact with the combat emphasis of the receiver, characterized in that the bolt is mounted on the bolt, which can be installed in several fixed positions relative to the bolt, and having the ability to interact with the rear with a single-arm rotary lever. 2. The locking mechanism of small arms, containing the bolt and bolt frame mounted on it with a rotary single-arm lever that can interact with the combat emphasis of the receiver, characterized in that a rotary protrusion is mounted on the rotary single-arm lever, which can be installed in several fixed positions relative to the lever , as well as having the ability to interact with the back of the shutter. 3. The locking mechanism of small arms, containing the bolt and bolt frame mounted on it with a rotary single-arm lever that can interact with the combat emphasis of the receiver, characterized in that the bolt has a rotary stop, made in the form of a single-arm lever, which can be installed in several fixed positions, and the end of which has the ability to interact with the arched surface of a single-arm rotary lever mounted on the bolt frame.

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