RU2763802C1 - Locking mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms.SUBSTANCE: locking mechanism contains a barrel, a barrel rack, a gas piston head with a gas piston placed in a hole in the wall of the bullet inlet of the chamber, a device for directing the movement of the gas piston, a mechanism for returning the gas piston to its original position, a bolt with a fighting ledge. The gas piston is designed with the possibility of a short reciprocating motion, the locking mechanism is additionally equipped with a combat stop attached to the barrel rack by means of an axis with the possibility of rotation from interaction during the shot with the combat ledge of the bolt. The combat stop is connected to the gas piston.EFFECT: increase in the compactness of the locking mechanism and a reduction in the mass of the shutter.1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms and can be used in pistols, submachine guns, automatic rifles, submachine guns, machine guns, etc.

For the closest analogue, the locking mechanism closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is taken, containing: a barrel, a barrel rack, a gas piston head with a gas piston located in a hole in the wall of the bullet chamber inlet and made with the possibility of a short reciprocating motion, a device for guiding the gas piston, a mechanism for returning the gas piston to its original position, a bolt with a combat ledge (magazine "Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment" No. 9 / 2006. Article by Yuri Ponomarev "Horn assault rifle" pp. 20-26).

The disadvantages of the known locking mechanism are the large size of the gas piston, which increases the size of the locking mechanism as a whole and the increased mass of the shutter. Impact loads from the movement of which are reflected in the accuracy of fire, and its weight - in the weight of the weapon as a whole.

The large dimensions of the gas piston are due to the action of a large force from the side of the shutter directly on the head of the gas piston during the shot. To resist this force acting from the gate, the force acting from the side of the gas piston on the gate must be approximately equal to it. And since the force acting from the gate on the gas piston head is directly proportional to the diameter of the bottom of the sleeve, then the diameter of the gas piston will also be approximately equal to the diameter of the bottom of the sleeve. The coefficient of proportionality here is the pressure of the powder gases in the bore. At the same time, the resulting force acting on the shutter is still large and it must have an increased mass in order to reduce its rollback speed. In connection with the above, the gas piston has large dimensions, and the shutter has an increased mass.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the compactness of the locking mechanism and reducing the mass of the shutter due to the redistribution of the force acting on the gas piston from the recoil of the shutter by using a combat stop.

To achieve this technical result in the proposed locking mechanism, comprising a barrel, a barrel strut, a gas piston head with a gas piston placed in a hole in the wall of the bullet inlet of the chamber and made with the possibility of a short reciprocating movement, a device for guiding the movement of the gas piston, a gas piston return mechanism to its original position, the bolt with a combat ledge, it is proposed to additionally provide the locking mechanism with a combat stop attached to the barrel post with the help of an axis with the possibility of rotation, from interaction, during the shot, with the combat ledge of the bolt, while the combat stop is connected to the gas piston , which counteracts the rotation of the lugs.

Distinctive features of the proposed locking mechanism from the above-mentioned well-known, closest to it, is that the locking mechanism is additionally equipped with a lugs attached to the stem of the barrel by means of an axis with the possibility of rotation, from interaction, during the shot, with the combat ledge of the bolt while the combat stop is made connected with the gas piston, which counteracts the rotation of the combat stop.

Due to the fact that the proposed locking mechanism is equipped with a lugs attached to the barrel strut by means of an axis with the possibility of rotation, from interaction, during a shot, with the combat ledge of the bolt, the force acting on the gas piston from the recoil of the bolt is redistributed by using the lugs. The combat emphasis takes on the main recoil force acting from the side of the bolt. The force that tends to turn the lugs is a derivative of the main recoil force acting from the side of the bolt on the lugs. In magnitude, this force is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the main recoil force acting from the side of the bolt on the combat stop. It is this relatively small force turning the lugs that is counteracted by the gas piston associated with the lugs.

The size of the area of the gas piston is smaller than that of the closest analogue, because in the claimed locking mechanism the gas piston compensates for a smaller force in magnitude than that of the closest analogue. And since the magnitude of the opposing force is directly proportional to the size of the area of the gas piston (the force is equal to the product of the pressure of the powder gases and the area of the gas piston), then from here - the smaller the force, the smaller the gas piston area required to create it.

The combat stop, which, during the shot, perceives the main recoil force acting from the side of the bolt, keeps the bolt practically stationary until the gas pressure in the bore drops to a value that provides the desired bolt rollback speed with a given mass. Therefore, an increased mass of the shutter is not needed and the shutter has a lower mass than that of the prototype.

Thus, an increase in the compactness of the locking mechanism and a reduction in the weight of the shutter are achieved.

The device for guiding the movement of the gas piston can be made, for example, in the form of placing the gas piston in a hole in the wall of the bullet inlet of the chamber, and its head - in the slot of the barrel post, with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the gas piston. The movement of the gas piston is directed by the surface of the hole in which it is placed. And the movement of the gas piston head is directed, in one plane, by the surfaces of the slot of the barrel strut, in contact with the gas piston head, and in the other plane, by the inner side surfaces of the U-shaped profile of the combat stop, also in contact with the gas piston head.

The mechanism for returning the gas piston to its original position can be made, for example, in the form of a connection of the gas piston head, using the axis of the gas piston head, with internal protrusions of the combat stop having a U-shaped profile in cross section. The combat stop rotates on its axis, as a result of the action on the rear part of the combat stop of the spring-loaded yoke, located in the hole in the end of the bolt, and the return spring of the bolt. The gas piston, being connected to the lugs, rises with the turn of the lugs and becomes flush with the stacks of the bore, i.e. returns it to its original position.

Depending on the caliber of small arms, in order to increase the contact area of the gas piston with powder gases, if necessary, the gas piston has two versions: a head with a single piston and a head with twin pistons. In the latter version, each of the pistons is placed in its own, separate hole in the wall of the bullet chamber entrance.

In addition, the proposed locking mechanism, if necessary, is placed blockwise: sequentially along the length of the barrel, diametrically opposite to each other or, if the caliber is large, then at the same level, radially along the circumference of the barrel bore.

The proposed locking mechanism is illustrated by drawings, where:

- fig. 1 schematically shows the position of the parts of the mechanism with the shutter in the extreme rear position.

- fig. 2 schematically shows the position of the parts of the mechanism with the shutter in the extreme forward position.

- fig. 3 is a frontal view of a single piston gas piston head.

- fig. 4 is a profile view of a single piston gas piston head.

- fig. 5 is a frontal view of a gas piston head made with twin pistons.

- fig. 6 shows a profile view of a gas piston head made with twin pistons.

- fig. 7 shows a frontal sectional view of the lugs.

- fig. 8 shows a profile projection of the lugs.

- fig. 9 schematically shows the position of the parts of the mechanism with the shutter in the extremely rear position with the gas piston head made with twin pistons.

The following designations are used in the drawings:

1 - bore

2 - hole in the wall in the wall of the bullet entry of the chamber

3 - trunk

4 - gas piston head

5 - gas piston

6 - emphasis combat

7 - ledge combat gate

8 - axis of the lugs

9 - part of the front lugs

10 - barrel stand

11 - slot of the barrel strut

12 - part of the rear lugs

13 - shutter

14 - protrusions internal lugs

15 - axis of the gas piston head

16 - yoke

17 - spring oppression

18 - hole in the end of the shutter

The locking mechanism (fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 9) comprises a barrel 3, a barrel strut 10, a gas piston head 4 with a gas piston 5 placed in the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet chamber inlet and made with the possibility of a short reciprocating motion , a device for guiding the movement of the gas piston, a mechanism for returning the gas piston to its original position, a shutter 13 with a combat ledge 7.

The locking mechanism is additionally equipped with a lugs 6 attached to the stem of the barrel 10 with the help of an axis 8 with the possibility of rotation, from interaction, during a shot, with the combat ledge 7 of the bolt, while the lugs 6 is made connected with the gas piston 5, counteracting its head 4 turning the lugs 6 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 9).

Gas piston 5, depending on the caliber of small arms, to increase the surface area of contact with powder gases, has two versions: head 4 with one piston 5 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) and head 4 with twin pistons 5 (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 9).

In addition, the proposed locking mechanism, if necessary, is placed blockwise: sequentially along the length of the barrel 3, diametrically opposite to each other or, if the caliber is large, then at the same level, radially along the circumference of the barrel 3.

The device for guiding the movement of the gas piston 5 can be made, for example, in the form of placing the gas piston 5 in the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet inlet of the chamber, and its head 4 in the slot 11 of the barrel post, with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the gas piston 5. Movement of the gas piston 5 is guided by the surface of the hole 2 in which it is placed. And the movement of the head 4 of the gas piston is directed, in one plane, by the surfaces of the slot 11 of the barrel stand, in contact with the head 4 of the gas piston, and in the other plane by the inner side surfaces of the U-shaped profile of the combat stop 6, also in contact with the head 4 of the gas piston ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 9).

The mechanism for returning the gas piston 5 to its original position can be made, for example, in the form of a connection of the gas piston head 4, using the axis 15 of the gas piston head, with internal protrusions 14 of the lugs having a U-shaped profile in cross section (Fig. 1, Fig. Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Fig. 8). The rotation of the lugs 6 on the axis 8 is the result of the action on the rear part 12 of the lugs of the spring-loaded yoke 16, located in the hole 18 in the end face of the bolt 13, and the return spring of the bolt. The gas piston 5 rises with the turn of the lugs 6 and becomes flush with the stacks of the bore 1, i.e. returns it to its original position (Fig. 2).

The gas piston 5 has two fixed positions in the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet inlet of the chamber. When the bore is closed by the shutter 13, the gas piston 5 is flush with the inner surface of the bore (Fig. 2). When the shutter 13 is retracted to the rear position, the gas piston 5 protrudes into the bore 1 from the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet chamber entrance (Fig. 1, Fig. 9). Therefore, during the shot, only the surface of the gas piston 5, which is flush with the walls of the bore, is in contact with the powder gases (Fig. 2). After the bullet leaves the bore 1, the shutter 13 begins to recede into the rear position. The combat ledge 7 of the bolt (the combat ledge 7 of the bolt can be equipped with a roller (Fig. 9)) runs into the front part 9 of the lugs and sinks the lugs 6. At the same time, the gas piston 5 begins to move out of the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet chamber entrance into the channel barrel 1, and comes into contact with the remnants of the powder gases in the bore after the shot (Fig. 1, Fig. 9). Thus, a reduction in the surface areas of parts exposed to carbon deposits is achieved. There are other options for fixed positions of the gas piston 5 in the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet entry of the chamber, but, according to the author, these other options will be worse.

The operation of the locking mechanism of the bore is as follows.

The locking mechanism is made in the form of a combat stop 6 having a U-shaped profile in cross section (Fig. 7, Fig. 8). The lugs 6 are attached by means of the axis 8 to the stem 10 with a slot 11, so that the stem 10 is placed inside the U-shaped profile of the lugs 6. At the same time, the lugs 6 have the ability to contact its front part 9 with the combat ledge 7 of the bolt , and its rear part 12 - with a spring-loaded yoke 16, placed in the hole 18 in the end surface of the shutter 13.

When the shutter 13 is retracted to the rearmost position, the combat ledge 7 (the fighting ledge 7 of the shutter can be equipped with a roller (Fig. 9)) the shutter runs into the front part 9 of the lugs and sinks the lugs 6. At the same time, the lugs 6, turning on the axis 8 , acts with its inner surface on the head 4 of the gas piston. The gas piston 5 slightly protrudes into the bore 1 from the hole 2 in the wall of the bullet chamber entrance like a car engine valve (Fig. 1, Fig. 9). When turning the lugs 6 on its axis 8, its rear part 12 goes beyond the dimensions of the rack 10 of the barrel (Fig. 1, Fig. 9).

When the bolt 13 is released, it, under the action of a return spring, begins to approach the breech breech (Fig. 1, Fig. 9). At the same time, he pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. Further, the shutter 13 approaches the breech. At the same time, the spring-loaded yoke 16, protruding beyond the end surface of the shutter 13, presses on, protruding beyond the dimensions of the rack 10 of the barrel, the rear part 12 of the lugs. The yoke 16 is recessed, its spring 17 is compressed. The combat stop 6, turning on its axis 8, comes into contact with its front part 9 with the combat ledge 7 of the bolt, while remaining pressed by the spring of the yoke 17 and the return spring. Additional pressing of the rear part 12 of the lugs with the yoke 16 with its spring 17 is necessary when conducting automatic fire. This eliminates the rebound of the bolt 13. When turning the lugs 6, the axis 15 of the gas piston head associated with the internal projections 14 of the lugs raises the gas piston 5 to the same level with the stacks of the bore 1 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 2 ). In this case, the end of the gas piston 5 becomes flush with the walls of the bore 1.

When fired, as soon as the bullet passes hole 2, which is located in the wall of the bullet chamber inlet, the pressure of the powder gases begins to act on the gas piston 5. The force from the pressure of the powder gases on the gas piston 5 is transmitted by the head of the gas piston 4 to the lugs 6 and presses the front part 9 lugs to the combat ledge 7 of the shutter, holding the shutter 13 in the locked position. At the same time, the lugs 6, preventing the recoil of the bolt 13, "slowly" turns on its axis 8, overcoming the resistance from the gas piston 5, which counteracts the head 4 on the lugs 6 and slows down its rotation (Fig. 2). When the pressure of the powder gases in the bore 1 drops and the force from the pressure of the powder gases acting on the shutter 13 drops to the desired value, the lugs 6 will disengage from the combat ledge 7 of the shutter and the shutter 13 will begin to roll back (Fig. 1, Fig. 9) . By this time, the bullet will leave the bore 1. This rollback will be slowed down for some time by the friction force from pressing the lugs 6 to the surface of the shutter 13. The force of this pressing is transmitted through the head 4 of the gas piston to the lugs 6. This force is the result of the residual pressure of the powder gases in the bore 1 on the gas piston 5. The shutter 13 under the action of inertia forces will move to the rearmost position and the cycle will repeat.

Thus, the proposed locking mechanism, in comparison with the closest analogue, is more compact and has a lower weight of the shutter.

Claims (1)

A locking mechanism comprising a barrel, a barrel post, a gas piston head with a gas piston placed in a hole in the wall of the bullet entry of the chamber and made with the possibility of a short reciprocating movement, a device for guiding the movement of the gas piston, a mechanism for returning the gas piston to its original position, a shutter with combat lug, characterized in that the locking mechanism is additionally provided with a combat lug attached to the barrel strut by means of an axis with the possibility of rotation from interaction during the shot with the combat lug of the bolt, while the lug is made associated with a gas piston that counteracts the rotation of the combat lug.

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