RU2531997C1 - Layout method of mechanism of semi-free casing with bolt and barrel, mainly for gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to small arms. A special feature of layout of a counterrecoil mechanism is determined by the fact that a casing with a bolt and a barrel are movably aligned with a guide rod through rectangular holes of a lower tube and a boss respectively. The guide rod is made from the middle in the form of a two-way spiral, the both parts of which have the same number of turns and a pitch. It is placed inside a recoil spring. Both at manual application of force, and at action of propellant gases, back movement of the casing with the bolt and the barrel is performed at tension of the recoil spring acting simultaneously with the same force on both movable parts. With that, the barrel will come on the cartridge, and the bolt, while being moved from the opposite direction, will send it finally to the barrel bore till contact with it.

EFFECT: achieving balanced movement of a casing with a bolt and a barrel in opposite direction; relative pulse retardation of recoil of the casing with the bolt in relation to the barrel when firing a shot as a result of bigger weight of the casing with the bolt in comparison to the barrel, which, when in combination with a braking action of the guide rod and the recoil spring, minimises impact loads at their contact points with an obstacle and increasing stability of a weapon.

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Description

It is known that in the automation of a pistol its movable part occupies a leading place. It most often includes a casing, made with the shutter, and the barrel. In lightweight systems, a recoil spring is mounted on the barrel, fastened tightly to the frame of the pistol, supporting a free bolt ("9 mm. Makarov’s Pistol (PM)" - manual on a small business. M .: Military Publishing House, 1986).

Automation can also be performed with a half-free shutter, when its connection with the barrel is broken when moving at a certain distance from the breech section of the barrel - when the friction of the liner is weakened (Zhuk AB - Thompson submachine gun, in the book “Rifles and assault rifles”. M., 1987, p. 113, Fig. 79-2), as well as when the barrel is engaged with the shutter guard, which, when moving back together, disengage in the extreme position due to the skew of the barrel relative to the guard (Murakhovsky V.I., Fedoseev S.L., Weaponry of infantry, Moscow: Arsenal-Press, 1997, p. 30, diagrams - Colt, Browning).

Marked systems are common, but they are not without flaws. So, for systems with a free shutter, a massive shutter is required, otherwise, when the shot is fired, the liner rupture is not excluded and, in this regard, serious delays when firing.

Systems with the course of the barrel and the bolt in the direction opposite to the flight of the bullet are more complex.

A common drawback of these systems is the lack of stability when firing, due to the large shock loads of moving parts due to unequal redistribution of energy and speed between the front and rear parts of the complex component, as well as the large shoulder between the shot line and the shooter's hand. To reduce this effect, some systems provide shoulder rests (9 mm. Stechkin automatic pistol (APS). M.: Military Publishing House, 1957).

Having stopped far from a full review of the various systems of melee weapons, we consider the issue of weapons with the forward movement of the barrel and the bolt in opposite directions.

So, one of the fundamental representatives of this system, apparently, can be considered the Manliher pistol (A.B. Zhuk Revolvers and pistols. M: Military Publishing House, 1990, p. 244, Fig. 28-6). Here the movable barrel appears in the direction of the bullet’s flight, and the role of the fixed shutter is the frame wall.

The peculiarity of the pistol is that the spring-loaded forward-moving barrel, under the influence of the friction force of the bullet, when plunging it and moving along the rifling moves forward, freeing up space for feeding another cartridge. The forward movement of the barrel is limited by the emphasis of the protrusion of the barrel into the wall of the recess of the casing in which the barrel moves. During the return movement under the action of the spring, the barrel is on the cartridge, lifted from the store.

Of the shortcomings of this system, the most significant are: enhanced recoil due to rolling the barrel forward at the time of the shot; inconvenience of loading.

A similar principle is used in a pistol, where a spring-loaded movable barrel with a fixed butt plate moves forward with the muscular strength of a finger arrow (Pistol of the system Chebakova EN, patent RU 2074354 C1, 1997).

The noted systems are examples of the development of weapons technology along the path of its improvement.

In some part, a more suitable analogue, in relation to our proposal, is the “Army Pistol” - RU 2089818 C1, 1997. Authors Shevchenko A.V., Danilov Yu.S., Burlutsky A.M. Here, in the layout of the nodes and mechanisms of the gun, the authors believe that a balanced automation system is used: barrel movement - forward, shutter - backward. The bolt has a partition with an opening for the guide pin and the return mechanism, and the barrel is located in its upper part in the grooves. The lower part has a tide with holes for the buffer and the return mechanism. Between the tide of the table and the shutter baffle there is a return mechanism with a buffer. It contains a guide pin and a return spring, designed to inhibit the rollback of the barrel and the bolt at the time of firing and rolling them after firing.

To load the gun, you must manually take the barrel for the breech to the front position and release. At the same time, the barrel moves back under the action of the return spring, removing the cartridge from the magazine and continuing to move, it pushes on it. In the extreme rear position, the barrel collides with the bolt. A shot occurs when the trigger is exposed. A bullet under the influence of powder gases crashes into rifling and moves the barrel forward, and the sleeve throws the bolt back. In this case, the barrel moves relative to the shutter by an amount equal to 2/3 of the length of the cartridge.

In the extreme rear position of the shutter and in the front extreme position of the barrel, the buffer is hit by the tide of the barrel and the shutter baffle. The buffer, compressing, extinguishes the energy of the barrel and the bolt, which softens the transfer of shock loads to the frame of the gun.

By the action of the buffer and the return spring, the barrel and bolt return to their original position, and the cartridge is sent to the chamber.

However, one cannot agree with some of the provisions of the authors of the Army Pistol. So, the barrel and the bolt in relation to each other are essentially autonomous. Their balance is determined by the return mechanism and buffers, which is problematic in the absence of a kinematic connection between the barrel and the shutter: the inconvenience of reloading due to the manual movement of the barrel beyond the breech forward, while the arm is at the level of space for the ejection of a cartridge, sleeve.

The barrel-bolt system with their opposite movement is shown in more detail by the inventors of RU 2239759 C1 “Method of operation of automatic small arms for firing with powerful ammunition and weapons based on it”, authors Bobylev AM, Bogdanov Yu.M., Gromov VV, Zhirekhin V.I., Lipsman E.P., Makhnin A.V., Myshkov A.V.

Here, the barrel and the shutter acquire translational motion in opposite directions with a decrease in the stroke and speed of the shutter, which, when kinematically connected, transfers motion to the barrel through a system of levers. Moreover, according to the authors, the mass of the moving parts of the barrel-bolt can be adjusted by the ratio of the shoulders of the levers. The bolt and barrel are each equipped with its own return spring. The leading role belongs to the shutter.

This device is accepted by us as a prototype.

Moreover, in our opinion, it is not without drawbacks. So, replacing the levers of the movable part requires certain conditions for disassembling and assembling with an appropriate calculation of their sizes: the presence of inhomogeneous return springs for the barrel and the shutter complicate the balance of their travel, and with large communication through the shutter levers with the barrel when transferring more speed to the barrel, significant shock is inevitable trunk loading when it meets an obstacle. The projected charging condition is not disclosed.

The technical result of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely, expanding the functionality of the gun by simplifying the layout of device parts that do not require tools using unconventional techniques - combining the shutter with the casing, as well as the guiding parts of the moving part, their balanced half-free interaction during firing, which together will provide a technical result - reduction of shock loads and, therefore, the stability of the weapon when firing.

The technical result is achieved in that the method of assembling the mechanism of a semi-free casing with a shutter and a barrel, preferably for a gun, is characterized in that the casing in the breech along the perimeter is equipped with supporting protrusions, and the shutter is provided with corresponding cutouts that, when the shutter is inserted, are perpendicular to the axis of the barrel are fixed in the supporting protrusions of the casing, while a single return spring has the same effect on both moving parts moving at equal distances, and the kinematic connection is presented as a guide rod made in the form of a two-way spiral, the turns of which and their pitch are the same and are located from the middle to the edges, which, when interacting through the rectangular openings of the lower casing tube with the shutter and the tide of the barrel, provides simultaneous movement along it at equal distances with the same speed of the casing with the shutter and trunk in different directions.

The essence of the invention lies in the simplicity and appropriateness of the arrangement of the details of the mechanism, the interconnection of which improves the effectiveness of the use of weapons.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

∗ In Fig. 1, the casing 1 includes a ring 2, guides (not indicated in the drawing), a lower tube 3 with a rectangular hole 4, narrowed in the middle part, supporting protrusions 5 in the breech section around its perimeter;

Figure 2 - shutter 6 includes cutouts 7, rammer 8, drummer with striker 9, extractor 10, reflector channel 11, stop 12;

∗ In Fig.3 - the trunk 13 includes a tide 14 with a rectangular hole 15, narrowed in the middle part;

∗∗ Figure 4 is a guide rod 16;

Figure 5 - return spring 17;

∗∗∗ In Fig.6 - the mechanism assembly - "A" - the original, "B" - the working position.

Note.

∗ Narrowing information in the middle of rectangular openings 4, 15 will not be mentioned below to avoid repetition.

∗∗ The guide rod 16 is made from the middle in the form of a two-way spiral, both parts of which have the same number of turns and their pitch. When parts having rectangular openings are placed at opposite ends of the rod, when they move from the ends to the middle or from the middle to the ends, they will rotate the rod together, respectively, clockwise and counterclockwise. With mechanical action from one end on the guide rod, on the other half, if there is a part, an adequate action will take place in the opposite direction.

∗∗∗ Stops in the frame of the alleged gun 18: “in” the guide rod 16, “g” - shutter 6.

From practice and literature known used in weapons casings, made at the same time with the shutter. Such a device is fully consistent with pistol systems with a relatively short fixed barrel and a return spring mounted on it (AB Zhuk. Revolvers and pistols. M: Military Publishing House, 1990, p. 404, Scheme 2).

In systems with a moving barrel and its short stroke, they resort to a structural change in the casing, where the muzzle and its lower tube are open for introducing the barrel with the tide and then closing it with the guide sleeve and the tip of the return spring, and the barrel bore is locked when its half-ring grooves are combined with the protrusions shutter cover (A. Blagonravov. Material of small arms. Book One. M.: Oborongiz, 1945, p. 246, Fig. 230, 231).

In the mechanism proposed by us, it is impossible to use the structures noted above in the form as they are indicated. This is due to the fact that the barrel length is ¾ of the length of the casing. Even with this position, the shutter in its traditional place does not allow the barrel to enter the casing under its lower tube (large angle), and in another option, where the muzzle of the casing and the lower tube are open, enter the barrel from this side with a tide exceeding the diameter of the tube, also not possible.

Based on the foregoing, the most acceptable solution in our opinion was the design of a removable shutter.

We do not have analogues of such a device, however, in small arms, although in a different form, there are combinations when locking the bolt with the receiver. For example, most store rifles have longitudinally sliding bolts with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis to enter the protrusions of the combat larva into the corresponding cutouts of the receiver to lock the barrel (Zhuk A. B. Rifles and assault rifles. M .: Military Publishing House, 1987, p. .33, 34); the barrel with respect to the shutter housing (A. Blagonravov. Material of small arms. Book One. M.: Oborongiz, 1945, - Browning pistols, p. 260, Colt, p. 276). In this regard, apparently, the possibility of combining the casing with a removable shutter is not excluded.

In the application we offer, the parts, their assembly and interaction are carried out in the following order: a barrel 13 is inserted into the ring 2 of the casing 1 along the guides (not indicated in the drawing), then a return spring 17 is installed in the lower tube 3 with its pushing all the way into the barrel tide 14 13. After that, a guide rod 16 is inserted through the rectangular hole 4 of the lower tube 3 of the casing 1, which, interacting with the faces of the rectangular hole 4, rotates, moves inside the return spring 17 and enters its rectangular hole with its end e 15 of tide 14. Thus, the kinematic connection of the guide rod 16 with the casing 1 and the barrel 13 is established through the rectangular holes 4 and 15. After that, for the tide 14, squeezing the trunk 13 for some distance towards the ring 2, free space is available in the breech of the casing 1 for the shutter 6, which is inserted into the casing 1 perpendicular to the axis of the barrel 13 when combining the support protrusions 5 located along the perimeter of the casing 1 with the cutouts 7 of the shutter 6. Stopping the barrel 13, by the action of the return spring 17, resting against the shutter 6, occupies the original floor A "A" shown in Fig.6.

The interaction of the parts of the mechanism of the semi-free casing with the shutter and the barrel that we offer as part of the proposed gun will be as follows:

1. When manually moving the casing 1 with the shutter 6 in the direction that the bullet is flying, the return spring 17 is compressed, the rectangular holes 4 and 15 interact, respectively, of the casing 1 with the shutter 6 and the tide 14 of the barrel 13 with a guide rod 16, which at one end through a rectangular the hole 15 of the tide 14 abuts against the stop 18 "in" from the condition of the possibility of rotation around its axis. In this case, the action of the faces of the rectangular holes 4 and 15 with the cavity of the guide rod 16 determines its rotation and, accordingly, its movement along it at the same distance of the casing 1 with the shutter 6 and the tide 14 of the barrel 13 in the opposite direction: the casing 1 with the shutter 6 is back, the tide 14 of the barrel 13 - forward, forming the space between the breech section of the barrel 13 and the shutter 6, necessary for the supply of cartridges. The device will occupy the operating position "B" in Fig.6.

The reverse movement of the casing 1 with the shutter 6 and the tide 14 of the barrel 13 is carried out with the expansion of the return spring 17, acting simultaneously with the same force on both moving parts. In this case, the barrel 13 will slide on the cartridge, and the shutter 6, moving towards, send it into the bore 13 before contact with it.

2. When fired, there is no manual movement of moving parts. Here, the action of the powder gases, the bullet, interacting with the rifling of the bore 13, moves it forward, and the sleeve discards the shutter 6 with the casing 1 back. In this case, the guide rod 16 maintains the kinematic connection of the casing 1 with the shutter 6 and the barrel 13, respectively, through rectangular openings 4 and 15, between which a return spring 17 is placed. In this case, the leading role is played by the casing 1 with the shutter 6 with their larger mass compared to with the barrel 13. In this case, there will be a relative impulse retardation of the rollback of the casing 1 with the shutter 6 with respect to the barrel 13. Since the guide rod 16 is common, but the rotation force transmitted during movement on one half is the casing 1 with the shutter 6 b longer, the other half of the rod 16 with the barrel 13 - driven. In this case, the leading part - the casing 1 with the shutter 6 will restrain the impulse of the speed of movement of the driven part - the barrel 13 and the rotation of the guide rod 16, spending its energy, reducing the speed of movement of the barrel 13 to its level, i.e. to the balance of both semi-free parts. This generally entails a slowdown in the movement of the moving part and, in combination with the braking effect of the guide rod and return spring 17, minimizes shock loads at the places of their encounter with the obstacle and increases the stability of the weapon.

Claims (1)

A method of arranging the mechanism of a semi-free casing with a shutter and a barrel, preferably for a gun, characterized in that the casing in the breech along the perimeter is equipped with support protrusions, and the shutter has corresponding cutouts, which, when the shutter is inserted, are fixed perpendicular to the axis of the barrel in the support protrusions of the casing, this single return spring has the same effect on both moving parts that are moved at equal distances, and the kinematic connection is presented as a guide rod, made in the form a two-way spiral, the turns of which and their pitch are the same and are located from the middle to the edges, which, when interacting through the rectangular openings of the lower casing tube with the shutter and the tide of the barrel, provides simultaneous movement along it at equal distances with the same speed of the casing with the shutter and the barrel in different directions.

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