RU2645517C1 - Autoloading gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons, namely autoloading guns. Autoloading guns contain a barrel with a chamber, fore-end, an automatic mechanism for unlocking and locking the chamber, extracting the cartridge case, cocking the trigger and feeding the cartridge into the chamber. Mechanism of automation includes a bolt, a shutter frame and an elastic element. Magnitude of the stroke of the gate in the gate frame before the completion of the working compression of the elastic element in the process of pulling back the gate is greater than the value of the working stroke of the elastic element. Movement of the slide frame in the rolling is limited by the interaction with the box in the extreme forward position of the shutter frame, which limits the movement of the shutter in it. Breech block is provided with a barrel stop for the interaction of the trunk with the end face of the box in its extreme rear position.

EFFECT: increase in the reliability of the functioning and manufacturability of weapons manufacturing, simplification of the design of weapons is achieved.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms, namely to automatic and semi-automatic self-loading weapons, and can be used in shotguns with an automatic reloading mechanism, driven by the energy of the propellant charge.

The closest in technical essence - the prototype is an individual firearm, such as a rifle, containing: a housing in which there is a working chamber with an emphasis; a barrel extending mainly along the axis (X) of the barrel between the free distal end for discharging gases during firing and the opposite proximal end, in which there is a chamber that is engaged with the housing, said barrel sliding axially relative to said housing; an automatic action system for executing a cycle of opening, removing the case of a spent cartridge case and loading a new cartridge after firing the previous cartridge, said system comprising: a) a carriage suspended in the working chamber of the housing, axially sliding in said chamber; b) a shutter connected to the proximal end of the barrel with the possibility of separation, suitable for closing the chamber; c) an elastic member compressible between the carriage and the shutter; in which, in the configuration of a firearm ready for firing, with a bullet in the barrel, the bolt has a free compression stroke to compress the elastic element and the barrel has a free stroke when fired relative to the working chamber stop (See RU 2580604 C1, cl. H02J 3/00) .

A well-known firearm is, in fact, an automatic reloading system, implemented on the principle of using the energy stored by an elastic element to roll back the bolt frame with the bolt in the rear position, known from the design of the inertial semi-automatic rifles of the Benelli family (Italy), supplemented by the possibility of a short barrel stroke.

A characteristic negative property of the known solution, as well as other inertial systems to date, is the presence of multiple bounce of the carriage with the shutter during the shot, namely, at the end of the run-in, at the moment of their arrival under the action of the return spring to the extreme forward position due to the availability of axial sliding of the carriage relative to the shutter and compression of the elastic element between the shutter and the carriage, followed by re-rolling. Moreover, the rebound and re-run can be characterized as a periodic decaying process, that is, the bounce of the carriage after the shot can occur repeatedly.

The indicated bounce of the carriage with a shutter with unpredictable frequency and amplitude requires special measures, for example, such as making a special screw surface with a small step to rotate the shutter when locking the barrel chamber or rolling the shutter frame with the shutter along the helical surface in the coast to increase energy loss due to an increase in the friction forces of the retarders of the bolt carrier stroke or, in the simplest case, the use of a weak return spring, which reduces the compression of the elastic element in the coast and, accordingly, the magnitude of the rebound. These measures should include fine-tuning of the automatic reloading mechanism to minimize the effect of rebound in order to ensure that the carriage with the shutter rolls back to their original position with a strictly defined minimum energy reserve. In this case, the kinetic energy of the carriage in the rollback should not be lower than the threshold value required for the operation of the corresponding automation mechanisms.

However, these measures cannot be effective in difficult operating conditions, namely, with sharp temperature fluctuations, at freezing temperatures, icing or contamination of weapon mechanisms, which reduces the reliability of its automation. Not returning or untimely returning the shutter with the carriage to its original position in the presence of a rebound, as well as their failure to reach their initial position, excludes the possibility of the capsule glowing briskly, which leads to a failure in shooting.

The presence of a rebound phenomenon also limits the possibility of using a more powerful return spring of the carriage with a shutter, which entails the appearance of delays in the operation of the cartridge feeding mechanism during the supply of the next cartridge to the barrel chamber under various operating conditions.

In addition, the limitation of energy consumption for the operation of the reloading mechanism, due to the need to use a low-power return spring, makes the recoil sharper and sharper, reducing the usability of weapons.

Thus, the presence of the phenomenon of rebound leads to a decrease in the reliability of the use of weapons, the complexity of its design, reduces the usability.

Another disadvantage is the low manufacturability, due to the need to perform a protrusion that limits the axial movement of the barrel in the working chamber, that is, inside the box. The specified protrusion is designed to interact with the breech of the trunk and must withstand significant shock loads due to the rollback of the barrel, which should not be accompanied by the formation of cold weather.

Since this protrusion is located inside the box, it can be made of the material of the box itself, however, based on the strength requirements of the materials currently used to make the box, the implementation of such a protrusion, which provides the necessary contact area with the breech, is a technologically challenging task. Moreover, in the case of making the box in a stamp-welded way, when the box is stamped from sheet metal, for example, steel, titanium or a hardened aluminum alloy, it is not possible to make such a stop in the box that can withstand shock interactions with the breech of the barrel.

The technical result is to increase the reliability of operation and manufacturability of weapons, ensuring favorable returns in the process of firing, as well as simplifying the design.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a self-loading weapon containing a barrel with a chamber, fastened to a breech and installed in a box with the possibility of axial movement in it, the forend and an automatic mechanism for unlocking and locking the chamber of the barrel, removing a spent sleeve, cocking the trigger mechanism, feeding the cartridge into the chamber of the barrel, including the bolt frame made with the possibility of axial movement in the box, the shutter made with the possibility of axial movement in the channel of the shutter the first frame, the elastic element located in the channel of the shutter frame, the stroke of the shutter in the shutter frame until the working compression of the elastic element during the shutter rollback is greater than the stroke of the working compression of the elastic element, the movement of the shutter frame in the run is limited by interaction with the box in the extreme forward position of the shutter frame, restricting the movement of the shutter in it, and the breech is equipped with a limiter of the barrel for the barrel to interact with the end surface of the box in its extreme rear position.

Besides:

- the limiter of the barrel is made in the lower part of the breech and closed by the forearm;

- the barrel is returned to its original position by the barrel spring;

- return of the bolt to the initial position provides a return spring;

- the breech of the barrel is equipped with protrusions to the axis of the barrel, spaced apart in angle, and the bolt is equipped with corresponding combat stops from the axis of the barrel for unlocking and locking the chamber of the barrel by turning the shutter;

- the shutter has a figured protrusion for interacting with the shutter frame, with the possibility of converting the translational motion of the shutter frame into a rotational movement of the shutter;

- the slide frame and the shutter have holes with the possibility of axial movement of the hammer in them;

- self-loading weapons can be made in the form of a gun or rifle, or a submachine gun.

Self-loading weapons are illustrated with the help of the drawings, revealing them with a specific example of a self-loading gun, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of parts of weapons in the initial state, before firing, in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of parts of a weapon when the barrel is partially selected as a result of the shot, by the time the working compression of the elastic element is completed, and before the shutter frame begins to move, in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the location of the weapon parts at the moment the barrel rests in the box, before the beginning of the expansion movement of the elastic element.

The following notation is made in the drawings.

1 - barrel, 2 - chamber, 3 - box, 4 - bolt frame, 5 - shutter, 6 - elastic element, 7 - barrel sleeve, 8 - forend cap, 9 - barrel limiter, 10 - magnitude of axial barrel stroke, 11 - the value of the axial stroke of the shutter in the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element is completed during the shutter rollback, 12 - return spring pusher, 13 - magazine case, 14 - forend, 15 - barrel breech (breech), 16 - barrel axis, 17 - firing pin, 18 - hole in the bolt for sliding the firing pin, 19 - place of interaction of the box with the bolt frame when it is returned to its original position position, 20 - barrel spring, 21 - store extension.

The self-loading weapon contains a barrel spring loaded with a spring 20 of the barrel 1 with a chamber 2, fastened to the breech 15. installed in the box 3 with the possibility of short axial movement relative to the box during the shot, the forend 14, an automatic mechanism for unlocking and locking the barrel chamber, removing the spent sleeve, cocking trigger firing mechanism, feeding the cartridge into the chamber of the barrel, including a spring-loaded recoil bolt frame 4, made with the possibility of axial movement in the box, shutter 5, made with the possibility of axial movement in the channel of the shutter frame and an elastic element 6 located in the channel of the shutter frame. The magnitude of the stroke of the shutter in the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element 6 in the rollback is greater than the magnitude of the stroke of the working compression of the elastic element. The shutter frame 4 is configured to interact with the box 3, which prevents the shutter frame from moving forward relative to the box after rolling when the shutter frame is returned to its extreme forward position and thereby restricting the movement of the shutter therein and excluding compression of the elastic member.

The breech has a limiter 9 of the stroke of the barrel, for emphasis on the end surface of the box when the barrel is in its extreme rear position. The barrel stroke limiter is made in the lower part of the breech, and the place of interaction of the barrel stroke limiter with the box is closed by the forearm.

The breech is equipped with protrusions to the axis of the barrel, spaced along the corner, and the bolt is equipped with corresponding combat stops from the axis of the barrel for unlocking and locking the barrel chamber by turning the shutter.

The shutter has a protrusion with a figured surface, which is meshed with the shutter frame, which provides the possibility of converting the translational motion of the shutter frame into the rotational movement of the shutter.

The bolt frame, bolt and elastic element have coaxial holes with the possibility of axial movement of the striker in them.

The elastic element 6 is made in the form of a cylindrical compression spring, in the preferred embodiment, a package of disk elements (disk springs) placed in the channel of the shutter frame. The parameters and the number of dish-shaped elements are selected from the condition of ensuring a stable working force when using the existing gamut of cartridges of a certain caliber.

In the specific embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the shutter stroke value 11 in the shutter frame until the working compression of the elastic element during the shutter rollback is completed is less than the axial displacement value 10 of the barrel. Moreover, the value 10 of the axial movement of the barrel is preferably 6 mm, the value 11 of the shutter stroke in the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element is completed during the shot in the recoil is preferably 5 mm, and the size of the working compression stroke of the elastic element is preferably 4 mm

The weapon has an under-barrel tubular magazine for cartridges with a magazine extension, on which a barrel spring is mounted, located between the barrel coupling 7 and the butt end of the magazine case 13.

The weapon is equipped with a return spring bolt frame with a bolt, located, for example, in the butt.

Hereinafter, the extreme forward position indicates the extreme position of the corresponding part in the direction to the chamber or to the muzzle of the barrel, and the rear - the extreme position in the opposite direction. Rollback indicates the movement of the part in the process of firing backward, towards the butt, by the coast - the reverse movement of the part, that is, forward, to the chamber or to the muzzle of the barrel.

Hereinafter, the working compression of the elastic element indicates the value by which the elastic element is compressed in the bolt frame, from its initial state before firing to the stop of the rolling shutter in the bolt frame.

The work of self-loading weapons is considered on a specific example of a self-loading gun, however, the totality of the features of the invention is general in nature and is applicable to automatic and semi-automatic weapons for various purposes, such as a shotgun, carbine, rifle, submachine gun.

Self-loading weapons work as follows.

Below is the work of self-loading weapons on the example of a self-loading gun.

In the initial state before the shot, the barrel 1 is in its extreme forward position (Fig. 1), held by the direct action of the spring 20 of the barrel. The shutter 5 engaged with the barrel and the shutter frame 4 are also in the extreme forward position, while the shutter frame is held by a return spring. In a loaded weapon, the cartridge is in the chamber 2 and after cocking the trigger of the trigger mechanism, the weapon is ready to fire.

As a result of the actuation of the firing mechanism of the firing pin 17 strikes the cartridge capsule, as a result of which the cartridge powder ignites, i.e. a shot occurs.

Under the action of reactive forces flying out of the muzzle of the barrel of the charge and powder gases, the barrel tends to roll back, choosing the magnitude of its course. The barrel 1 moves back together with the bolt engaged with it, which selects the value 11 of its stroke in the bolt frame while acting on the elastic element, compressing it, and then abuts against the end part of the bolt frame (Fig. 2).

The total value of 11 stroke of the shutter in the shutter frame until the working compression of the elastic element during the shutter rollback is made up of the magnitude of the course of choosing a certain clearance, including, including axial play or otherwise the “mirror clearance” of the shutter locking assembly in the breech of the barrel, technological errors manufacturing of interacting structural parts and the required power reserve for their wear, and the magnitude of the working compression stroke of the elastic element.

Since the magnitude of the shutter stroke in the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element during the rollback of the shutter is less than 10 axial stroke of the barrel, further movement of the barrel leads to the start of movement of the bolt frame, which the barrel acts through the bolt.

The movement of the barrel continues until it stops by the limiter 9 to move the barrel into the end surface of the box (Fig. 3). At this moment, the barrel stops pushing the bolt frame, transmitting to it before that an impulse of kinetic energy of recoil.

Further during the rollback process, the bolt frame moves due to its inertia and the released energy of the expandable elastic element. Moving in the rollback back, the bolt frame compresses the return spring through the return spring pusher, and the barrel at this time under the action of the elastic element and the barrel spring returns to its original position, i.e. extreme forward position. In this case, the bolt disengages from the barrel, providing opening of the barrel chamber, and joins the bolt frame.

Upon reaching its extreme rear position, the bolt frame with the bolt under the action of a return spring starts to move in the opposite direction - to the barrel chamber, i.e. carries out the roll. In the process of rolling back and rolling the bolt frame with the shutter, the corresponding automation mechanisms are triggered, including the mechanisms for extracting and reflecting the spent sleeve, cocking the trigger mechanism and feeding the cartridge into the barrel chamber.

Rolling shutter frame stops focusing in the box, in its extreme forward position, excluding further movement of the shutter frame forward. The shutter again engages with the barrel. Moreover, since the barrel is already in its extreme forward position, the bolt engaged with it also occupies its extreme forward position, in which its interaction with the elastic element is excluded due to the restriction of movement of the bolt frame in its extreme forward position.

Thus, the intended value of the shutter stroke in the shutter frame, together with the interaction of the shutter frame with the box at the end of its run-off, excludes the possibility of the shutter frame interacting at the end point of its reverse movement with the elastic element, i.e., it excludes the possibility of compression of the elastic element in the extreme front the position of the bolt frame at the end of its rolling. As a result, the bolt frame, spring-loaded with a return spring, when rested against the box, does not experience effects leading to rebound, and stops immediately.

Returning the bolt to the front position completes the operation of reloading mechanisms and prepares the weapon for a new shot.

Exceeding the stroke of the shutter relative to the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element is completed during the rollback process, the magnitude of the working compression of the elastic element guaranteed excludes the possibility of its compression at the end point of the shutter of the bolt frame even in the presence of a spread in the tolerances of manufacturing weapon parts, which in turn provides high reliability operation, and also increases the possibilities for interchangeability of weapon parts.

Reliable and quick stop of the shutter frame, eliminating the possibility of rebounds after completion of rolling, allows the use of return springs of the required power, which provide not only reliable, without delay, reloading mechanisms, but also reduce the sharpness and sharpness of the recoil caused by the impact of the shutter frame with the shutter in the box during rollback, which as a result makes the use of weapons more convenient and comfortable.

A reliable stop of the bolt frame at the end of the ramp, eliminating the possibility of rebounding the bolt frame with the shutter, eliminates the need for additional measures to eliminate the phenomenon of rebound, which eliminates the need for additional mechanisms of smooth braking of the bolt frame and the shutter during rolling, and makes weapons structurally simpler and more technologically advanced.

The design of the weapon allows the bolt frame to be installed with a bolt in a box with a barrel already installed in it, which makes it technologically easy to ensure the bolt frame can interact with the box in the extreme forward position of the bolt frame and provide the necessary contact area for their interaction.

The execution of the breech with a limiter of the stroke of the barrel interacting with the end surface of the box when the barrel is in its extreme rear position, allows the use of sheet rolled material for the manufacture of the box and eliminates the technologically difficult machining of the inside of the box to form a limit stop, i.e. to simplify the manufacture of the box, as well as reduce the requirements for strength to materials for its manufacture.

Tests of prototypes showed that self-loading weapons ensure reliable operation of automation and favorable returns in various operating conditions, and also has increased survivability and a simple design.

Self-loading weapons can be made using standard equipment using metal, wood, plastic, etc. standard materials.

Thus, self-loading weapons have higher reliability and are more technologically advanced in production, more convenient to use and have more favorable returns, and also have a simpler design.

Claims (8)

1. Self-loading weapons containing a barrel with a chamber, fastened to the breech and installed in a box with the possibility of axial movement in it, the forend, an automatic mechanism for unlocking and locking the chamber, removing the spent sleeve, cocking the gun and feeding the cartridge into the chamber, including the bolt frame, made with the possibility of axial movement in the box, a shutter made with the possibility of axial movement in the channel of the shutter frame, an elastic element located in the channel of the shutter frame, characterized in that the stroke the shutter in the bolt frame until the working compression of the elastic element in the process of rolling the shutter is completed, the stroke of the working compression of the elastic element is larger, the movement of the bolt frame in the coast is limited by the interaction with the box in the extreme forward position of the bolt frame, restricting the movement of the bolt in it, and the breech is equipped with a barrel travel limiter for interaction of the barrel with the end surface of the box in its extreme rear position. 2. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel limiter is made in the lower part of the breech and closed by the forearm. 3. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel returns to its original position by the barrel spring. 4. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the return spring provides a return bolt frame. 5. The self-loading weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech of the barrel is provided with protrusions to the axis of the barrel, spaced apart in angle, and the bolt is equipped with corresponding combat stops from the axis of the barrel for unlocking and locking the barrel chamber by turning the bolt. 6. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter has a figured protrusion for interacting with the bolt frame, with the possibility of converting the translational movement of the bolt frame into the rotational movement of the bolt. 7. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt carrier and bolt have openings with the possibility of axial movement of the hammer in them. 8. Self-loading weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be made in the form of a gun or rifle, or a submachine gun.

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