RU2088879C1 - Self-loading pistol - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hand fire arms. SUBSTANCE: self-loading pistol has a barrel, frame, free slide, recoil spring and a trigger mechanism; the barrel is installed in the frame for longitudinal motion and has a tongue. The frame has a slot to receive the barrel lug and restrain the barrel recoil and counterrecoil. The barrel may have a shoulder for engagement with the slide, it may be spring-loaded. EFFECT: simplified design and improved operating characteristics. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to small arms, in particular to self-loading pistols and is aimed at improving their design.

 The simplest in design are pistols with a free bolt.

One of these pistols is a 9-mm pistol P 70 firm Heckler und Koch [1]
The gun contains a frame in which a fixed barrel is mounted. A bolt unhooked with the barrel, a return spring, a magazine, a trigger mechanism.

 The operation of the pistol is based on the principle of using recoil energy with a free (unlocked) shutter and a stationary barrel.

The closest technical solution to the invention is a 9 mm Makarov pistol (PM) [2]
Makarov pistol consists of the following parts and mechanisms: (figure 1). a frame with a barrel 1 pressed into it, a shutter 2, a return spring 3, a magazine, a trigger mechanism and a handle (not shown).

 The bolt does not have a clutch barrel. The reliability of locking the bore when firing is achieved by the large mass of the shutter and the force of the return spring.

 The operation of the pistol is based on the principle of using recoil energy with a free shutter and a stationary barrel.

 When fired, the pressure of the powder gases that has arisen inside the cartridge pushes the bullet 4 (Fig. 1) forward and pushes the sleeve 5, and through the sleeve and the shutter 2 back. Having a much larger mass than the shutter bullet, it moves much slower than it, therefore, even before the sleeve 5 leaves the chamber, the bullet manages to leave the barrel and the pressure in the barrel drops sharply. The shutter returns to its original position under the action of a return spring.

 The disadvantage of the PM pistol is the inability to use the 9 mm cartridge with a 19 mm long sleeve used in the armies of foreign countries.

 Pistols allowing firing with such cartridges work on the principle of using recoil energy with a short barrel stroke. They have a more complex design: shaped locking surfaces on the bolts and trunks or individual parts-contactors connecting the barrel with the bolt at the time of the shot.

 The PM pistol has a simple design, but altering it under a more powerful cartridge, for example, like Parabellum 9x19, will entail an increase in the weight of the shutter from 275 to 400 g, and, consequently, an increase in the weight of the entire pistol.

 The aim of the invention is: to develop a pistol design for a powerful 9 mm Parabellum cartridge or a domestic 9 mm SP10 cartridge with a 21 mm sleeve length, using the principle of recoil of a free shutter and having a simple design; improving the operational characteristics of the pistol by offsetting the kinetic energy of the bolt moving in the recoil by four strokes of the shutter instead of two.

 In Fig 1 is a diagram of the proposed device; figure 2 design of the proposed self-loading pistol; figure 3 is the same option; figure 4 - 10 operation of a self-loading pistol when fired; in FIG. 11 is an example of the implementation of the design of the gun.

 The gun consists of a frame 1, a shutter 2, a barrel 3, a groove 4 is made on the frame, a protrusion 5 on the barrel for interaction with the groove of the frame. The barrel (figure 3) has a ledge 6 for impact on the bolt and the protrusion 5, which abuts the spring 7 of the barrel, there is a return spring 8.

 The work of parts and mechanisms of the gun during firing is as follows (Fig.4-10).

 When the igniter capsule is fired, the powder charge lights up. The resulting powder gas begins to push the bullet through the bore and act on the walls of the liner the liner is pressed against the walls of the chamber. Gases, pressing on the bottom of the sleeve, begin to move the sleeve along with the shutter that closes the barrel, back (figure 4).

 The sleeve, pressed with powder gas to the walls of the chamber, drags the barrel back as well.

 It should be noted that a bullet pushed by powder gases through the bore, when cutting into rifling and moving along the trunk creates a force that moves the barrel forward. This force depends on the length and stiffness of the bullet. The shorter and softer the bullet, the less force moving the barrel forward.

 The friction force arising between the sleeve and the walls of the chamber depends on the pressure of the powder gases inside the barrel, as well as the size and taper of the sleeve. The larger the sleeve and the pressure inside the barrel, the greater the adhesion force of the sleeve to the walls of the chamber. The larger the conicity of the sleeve, the less traction.

The described pistol uses a 9x21 mm cartridge with a long cylindrical sleeve and a relatively short light bullet having a soft polyethylene jacket under a steel shell. Used cartridge has a high pressure P _max 2750 kg / cm ³ . For comparison, in the cartridge pistol PM 9x18 mm P _max 1200 kg / cm ² .

 Therefore, in the described pistol, the force moving the barrel back is greater than the force moving the barrel forward.

 Thus, while pressure remains in the barrel and the bullet does not leave the barrel, the barrel and bolt move back together. The barrel spring and return spring are compressed.

 After the bullet has left the barrel and the pressure in the barrel has decreased, the latter sticks into the frame with its ledge and stops. The bolt and sleeve continue to move backward, and the barrel, under the action of its spring, begins to move to its original, extreme forward position (hereinafter CAT) (Fig. 5).

 The bolt, moving back, removes the sleeve from the chamber, reflects it and then runs into the ledge of the barrel. When the shutter hits the barrel, the shutter loses most of its kinetic energy. Then the barrel and bolt move back together (Fig.6).

 Then the shutter hits the frame and stops (Fig.7). The trunk continues to move backward.

 The return spring begins to move the bolt forward, the barrel, having hit a protrusion in the frame under the action of its spring, also starts to move forward (Fig. 8).

 The trunk comes to the checkpoint and stops. The bolt moves forward and, bumping into a new cartridge, which has risen in the store on the delivery line, sends it to the barrel chamber (Fig. 9).

 The gun is in its original state, ready for the next shot (figure 10). Thus, the recoil impulse of the weapon, perceived by the shooter's hand, decomposes into four strokes and stretches in time, which prevents pain in the shooter's hand that occurs when firing from a conventional pistol.

Claims (2)

 1. Self-loading pistol containing a barrel, a frame, a free bolt, a return spring and a trigger mechanism, characterized in that the barrel is mounted in the frame with the possibility of longitudinal movement and is made with a protrusion, and the frame is made with a groove to accommodate the protrusion of the barrel and limit recoil and roll of the trunk.  2. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is made with a ledge for interaction with the bolt and is spring-loaded.

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