RU2174663C1 - Submachine gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms. SUBSTANCE: submachine gun has frame, magazine with cartridges located in its lower part, barrel located in its front part on which bolt spring-loaded in axial direction with reference to barrel is mounted for reciprocating motion, firing mechanism installed on bolt on one side and decelerating member installed on the other side, cocking-triggering mechanism including trigger with return spring and releasing member, kinematic mechanism securing kinematic coupling of trigger with bolt, pusher of feeding mechanism and with mechanism setting firing mode. EFFECT: momentary readiness of submachine gun for operation, enhanced reliability of its loading and secure wearing of machine gun. 8 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to personal weapons - automatic pistols, and is intended both for arming military personnel participating in hostilities or in the operations of special forces, as well as for arming militarized guards.

 Nowadays, weapons like a submachine gun have gained great popularity. Small size, weight, simplicity of construction, ease of handling in combination with the high power of modern pistol cartridges of usually large caliber make a modern submachine gun an effective melee weapon. The relatively short barrel, low weight and the lack of accurate sighting devices do not allow for a high accuracy of a single shot, but this disadvantage is easily compensated by the rate of fire when firing in bursts.

 Closest to the proposed is a submachine gun (Stechkin automatic pistol), containing a frame, a magazine with cartridges located in its lower part, a barrel mounted on it, on which a bolt mounted, with the possibility of reciprocating movement along its axis, spring-loaded relative to it in axial direction, percussion mechanism, deceleration element, trigger-and-trigger mechanism, including a hook with a return spring and an uncoupling element, a kinematic mechanism and a shooting mode setting mechanism (see. The pressure on small business. 9mm automatic pistol Stechkin (APS), M. Military Publishing, 1957, pp. 7, 30-59).

 The well-known submachine gun, like the overwhelming majority of modern submachine guns, works on the principle of a free shutter, while preparation for shooting is carried out by releasing the shutter back with a cocking position. After pulling the trigger, the bolt, moving forward under the action of a reciprocal-fighting spring, grabs the cartridge from the magazine, sends it to the barrel — a shot occurs, under the action of the recoil the bolt moves back, throwing out the spent cartridge case, and then all operations are repeated automatically (when firing a burst) .

 Since the mechanism of the submachine gun operates under the influence of the energy of powder gases, the reliability of its operation largely depends on the quality of the cartridges. During a misfire, for example, due to the lack of recoil, the mechanism of the machine gun pistol does not work - there is a delay in shooting, which is eliminated by "jerking" the shutter. But misfires are not the only reason for the delay in shooting; there may be a sticking or skewing of the cartridge when filling the latter into the barrel, non-ejection of the sleeve or non-moving parts due to clogging through the window in which the shutter handle, thick or frozen grease, deformed cartridge, etc. go. Given the specifics of the use of a submachine gun (small firing distances), the reliability requirements and instant readiness for action are obvious due to the fact that, as practice shows, there is no time to eliminate even a slight delay in combat work.

 The technical result of the invention is the provision of instant readiness for action, increasing the reliability of loading, increasing safety when carrying weapons.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the submachine gun containing the frame, the magazine with cartridges located in its lower part, the barrel mounted on it, on which the bolt mounted, with the possibility of reciprocating movement along its axis, is spring loaded relative to it in the axial direction, a mechanism, a deceleration element, a cocking mechanism including a trigger with a return spring and an uncoupling element, a feeding mechanism, a kinematic mechanism and a shooting mode setting mechanism, a cottages includes a pusher, a kinematic mechanism configured to provide a drive connection of the trigger to the gate, with a pusher mechanism for supplying and setting a shooting mode mechanism.

 In addition, the kinematic mechanism includes a cocking-and-trigger lever pivotally connected to the trigger through the link and the link, the end of which is engaged with the possibility of disengaging with the free axis of the gear wheel connecting at least one gear rack pivotally connected to the retardation element pivotally connected to the shutter in its front part with at least one gear rack connected with the frame, and a control lever designed to interact with the feed mechanism and with the mechanism for setting the arrow mode Fuck. In addition, the feed mechanism includes a two-arm lever, the axis of which is mounted on the frame and which is pivotally connected at one end to a pusher configured to interact with the control lever. In addition, the shooting mode setting mechanism includes a stopper with at least one stop mounted on an axis fixed to the frame, with one shoulder interacting with the shutter, an elastic element fixed to the stopper to interact with the control lever, and a switch fixed in three positions with the possibility of restricting the movement of the other shoulder of the stopper, the two-arm feed mechanism and the stopper are spring-loaded in opposite directions, and the stopper stops can be made in the form of ledges.

 The shutter has a window for ejecting the cartridge case and a cup for receiving the cartridge from the magazine, in which there is a reflector latch fixed in a slider elastically connected to the frame with the possibility of movement in the shutter groove, and intended to fix the cartridge in the cup, and an extractor rigidly connected to shutter and made with the possibility of combining it with the groove of the sleeve simultaneously with the touch element release trigger to the trigger-trigger lever.

 In addition, the percussion mechanism is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, the axis of which is fixed to the bolt, with the possibility of interaction with one shoulder with the barrel end, and the other shoulder is a striker for breaking the cartridge capsule.

 The deceleration element can be made with a figured surface with the possibility of its interaction with the surface of the barrel when the shutter recovers.

 The magazine for cartridges is made in the form of a box-shaped case, having curly bends of the side walls in the upper part for fixing the upper cartridge and cutouts in the end walls for the entrance of the pusher and the longitudinal displacement of the upper cartridge, and housed in the cartridge feeder housing with a spring-loaded and freely rotating roller designed for interaction with the lower cartridge, and the distance between the side walls is selected with the possibility of arranging cartridges in it in a checkerboard pattern with a gap between adjacent even and adjacent tnym cartridges.

 The claimed submachine gun has no shutter handle. The cocking mechanism allows you to fire the first shot in self-cocking mode without first cocking the shutter or releasing the cartridge from the magazine into the barrel.

 A fundamentally new system for the extraction of a spent cartridge case or axial cartridge differs from the traditional guaranteed reliability.

 The absolute safety of the submachine gun is due to the fact that the cartridge from the magazine is fed to the barrel line and sent to the chamber only when the trigger is pulled, which almost completely eliminates the possibility of an accidental shot, while ensuring that the weapon is ready for use.

 Elimination of the delay in shooting in cases of misfire or non-release (poking, skewing) of the cartridge is done by pressing the trigger again, the defective cartridge is thrown out, the next one is sent from the store - the shooting continues. All these manipulations do not require the use of a second hand, which can be very significant in some situations of combat use of a submachine gun.

 The submachine gun has smaller dimensions and weight in comparison with the smallest submachine gun made in Italy - the Beretta M93P.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view in section of a submachine gun in its original position.

 In FIG. 2 - the same in the position before the shot.

 In FIG. 3 - magazine with cartridges.

 In FIG. 4, 5 and 6 are a view F of FIG. 1, respectively, in the dynamics of the process.

 In FIG. 7 - retardation mechanism when cocking the shutter.

 In FIG. 8 - a mechanism for slowing down when the shutter recovers.

 In FIG. 9 - feed mechanism.

 In FIG. 10 - appearance of the submachine gun.

 The submachine gun (hereinafter referred to as the PP) consists of a frame 1, which is a massive part, the configuration of which ensures the placement on it of all the parts and mechanisms that make up the PP structure as a whole. The barrel 4, rigidly fixed on the frame 1 in the brackets 2 and 3, in addition to its main purpose, serves as a guide on which a reciprocating spring 5 and a bolt housing 6 are installed, which can reciprocate along the axis of the barrel 4 within specified limits. A shock mechanism 7, a shutter cup 6 formed by an extractor 8 and a reflector latch 9, as well as a deceleration mechanism 10 pivotally connected to a pair of gear racks 11 located symmetrically relative to the axis of the barrel 4 are fixed on the shutter body 6. These rails 11 are designed for kinematic communication with a pair of gear racks 12 of the frame 1 by means of a double gear 13 with a free axis 14, which is an element of engagement with the cocking and release lever 15. A window 16 is made on the shutter body 6 for ejecting the spent sleeve or axial cartridge.

 The trigger mechanism is mounted on the PP frame 1 and consists of a trigger 17 with a return spring (not shown in the figure) and a release element 18, a rod 19, pivotally connecting the trigger 17 to the link 20, pivotally attached to the link 20 of the trigger 15 and the control lever 21. The latch-reflector 9 is rigidly fixed in the slider 22, elastically fixed relative to the frame 1 by a spring 23, with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the groove 24 of the shutter 6.

 In the rear of the frame 1 on the axis 25 are installed: a feed mechanism, consisting of a two-shouldered lever 26 with a pusher 27 pivotally attached, and a firing mode setting mechanism, consisting of a stopper 28 with an elastic element 29 and a switch 30, fixed in three positions (latch in the figure not shown). The lever 26 and the stop 28 are spring-loaded in opposite directions (the lever 26 is counterclockwise, the stop 28 is respectively clockwise) located on the axis 25 by a common spring (not shown). Parts and mechanisms of the kinematics of PP are closed by a functional-decorative casing 31, which is attached to the frame 1 using L-shaped guides in the rear of the frame (not shown in the figure) and a threaded nozzle 32 on the barrel 4. The casing 31 has a cutout for the switch 30 and a window 33 on the right side for ejection of a spent sleeve or axial cartridge.

 The store is a box-shaped case 34, in the upper part of which there are curly bends 35 of the side walls of the case for fixing the upper cartridge, a groove 36 for the pusher 27, a cutout 37 for longitudinal displacement of the upper cartridge and a groove 38 for the magazine latch 39 in the PP frame. The shape and inclination of the bends 35 of the side walls of the housing 34 provide the cartridge to exit the magazine under the action of the feeder spring only when the upper cartridge is moved forward until the curly bends 35 are combined with the annular groove of the sleeve. A feeder 40 with a freely rotating roller 41 directly resting on the lower chuck, a feeder spring 42, a lower cover 43, as well as staggered with a gap h between adjacent even and adjacent odd cartridges in an amount determined by the magazine capacity, are placed inside the magazine case. The gap h together with the rotating roller 41 causes the cartridges to roll when they are fed, in contrast to traditional sliding.

 The PP works in three modes: "A" - continuous firing with the trigger pressed, "S" - firing single shots with automatic ejection of the cartridge case, "N" - firing with single shots without moving the shutter back after firing and without ejecting the cartridge case. The latter mode is designed to work using silent firing devices (SBS) and is characterized by the absence of unmasking factors after the shot, such as a “clang” of the shutter, ringing of an ejected cartridge case. Modes "A" and "S" provide shooting with a half-free shutter thanks to the deceleration mechanism. "N" mode provides shooting with a fully locked barrel.

 The submachine gun operates as follows.

The operation of the software in mode "A"
The initial state of the parts and mechanisms of PP is shown in FIG. 1. Conventionally, the operation of automation software can be divided into four phases.

 Phase 1. Simultaneously with the pulling of the trigger 17, the rod 19 rotates the link 20, while moving the cocking and release lever 15 and the control lever 21. Interlocked with the axis 14 of the gear wheel 13, the cocking and trigger lever 15 moves the latter along the gear racks 12. Gear 13 rotates and moves the gear racks 11 pivotally attached to the deceleration element 10, the deceleration element 10 is turned off. This ensures the doubling of the distance of movement of the shutter 6 compared with the movement of the axis 14 and, accordingly, the trigger-release lever 15. The control lever 21 is moved in the direction of the elastic element 29 of the stopper 28, while installing the pusher 27 against the edge of the bottom of the sleeve of the upper cartridge in the magazine 34 The shutter 6, compressing the reciprocating spring 5 under the action of pressure on the trigger 17, continues to move back until the plane 44 of the shutter 6 comes under the lower tooth of the stopper 28.

 Phase 2. Starting from this moment, the control lever 21 starts pressing on the elastic element 29 of the stopper 28, however, the latter, resting with a short shoulder against the large ledge of the switch 30, does not have the ability to rotate. The shutter 6, continuing to move backward, reaches the upper arm of the feed lever 26 and rotates it, while the lower arm of the lever 26 moves forward together with the pusher 27, which moves the upper cartridge in the magazine 34 until the curly bends 35 are combined with the annular groove of the sleeve.

 Phase 3. This moment is characterized by the combination in the space of the extractor 8 of the cup of the shutter 6 with the annular groove of the sleeve and the contact of the release element 18 of the trigger 17 to the cock-release lever 15. At this moment, the feeder 40 magazine feeds the cartridge into the cup of the shutter 6, where it is fixed with a latch -reflector 9, the extractor 8 is in this case in the groove of the cartridge case. The state of all parts and mechanisms of PP at this point is illustrated in FIG. 2.

 Phase 4. Pressing the trigger 17 “to the stop” leads to the release of the cocking-trigger lever 15 with the axis 14. The shutter 6, under the action of the reciprocating spring 5, moves sharply forward, sends the cartridge into the barrel 4, slider 22, reaching the cut of the barrel 4 , stops, the shutter 6, continuing to move forward, moves the latch-reflector 9 to the "reflector" position. When the shutter 6 reaches its extreme position, the upper arm of the lever of the percussion mechanism 7 hits the protrusion 45 on the barrel 4 and activates the hammer, breaking the cartridge capsule - a shot occurs. Under the pressure of the powder gases, the shutter 6 starts a sharp backward movement, while the deceleration mechanism 10 under the influence of inertia and friction arising from the rolling of the gear 13 along the rails 11 and 12, rotates on the axis 46 connecting the retardation mechanism 10 with the shutter 6, which occurred when this wedging moment between the curved surface of the deceleration element 10 and the barrel 4, dramatically increases the friction force, thereby reducing the speed of the shutter 6. When the shutter 6 moves backward, the bottom of the sleeve moves all the way into the latch-reflector 9, the slider 22 moves backward, compressing the spring 23. At the moment the sleeve exits the entire length of the barrel 4, the slider 22 moves forward against the stop in the groove 24 under the action of the spring 23, while the latch-reflector 9 throws the sleeve through the shutter window 16 and the window 6 33 of the casing 31. The latch-reflector 9 is in the "latch" position. The shutter 6 continues to move backward, repeating the operations listed above from the beginning of phase 2. The process of continuous firing begins, to stop which it is necessary to release the trigger 17, while the control lever 32, returning forward, curls the push rod 27, leading the latter beyond the edge the bottom of the cartridge case, after which the supply of cartridges from the magazine is stopped and the PP, throwing the cartridge case after the last shot, stops shooting. The PP mechanism is brought into the state corresponding to FIG. 1.

PP operation in "S" mode
The switch 30 is set to the "S" position. The state of the remaining parts and mechanisms of PP corresponds to FIG. 1. Phases 1, 2 and 3 in this mode are completely analogous to the corresponding phases of the operation of the PCB in mode "A". Phase 4 is characterized in that after the shutter 6 starts moving forward, the stopper 28, coming out of contact with the plane of the shutter 6, rotates counterclockwise until the short shoulder of the stopper 28 stops in the middle ledge of the switch 30, while the lower (short) stop of the stopper 28 occupies a position that limits the shutter 6 backward after firing to a distance sufficient to eject the spent sleeve, but not enough to turn on the mechanism for feeding a new cartridge into the shutter cup 6. After releasing the trigger 17, the effect of Aha control unit 21 on the elastic member 29, the stopper 28 and the latter under the action of the return spring 5 returns to the position corresponding to the position of FIG. 1. Thus, the next shot is possible only after re-pressing the trigger 17.

PP operation in "N" mode
The switch 30 is set to the "N" position. The state of the remaining parts of the PP mechanisms corresponds to FIG. 1. Phases 1, 2 and 3 in this mode are completely analogous to the corresponding phases of the operation of the PP in modes "A" and "S". Phase 4 is characterized in that after the shutter 6 begins to move forward, the stopper 28, coming out of contact with the shutter plane 44, rotates counterclockwise until the short shoulder of the stopper 28 stops in the lower ledge of the switch 30, while the upper (long) stop of the stopper 28 occupies a position , limiting the shutter 6 stroke back after firing at a distance significantly less than the length of the liner (distance of the order of 2-3 mm). Thus, the sleeve is "shifted" in the barrel 4 without its ejection, i.e. the shot is fired when the barrel is fully locked 4. The “shift” of the sleeve facilitates its extraction and ejection when the trigger 17 is pressed to produce the next shot.

PP operation in case of "misfire"
"Misfire" in any of the above modes of operation of the PP is possible due to poor-quality cartridge. In this case, after pressing the trigger 17, a shot does not occur, the muzzle cartridge remains in the barrel 4. When the trigger 17 is pressed again, similar to the described processes for extracting and ejecting the sleeve, the muzzle cartridge is extracted and thrown before the next cartridge is fed and fired in any of the modes PP work.

Claims (9)

 1. A submachine gun containing a frame, a magazine with cartridges located in its lower part, a barrel mounted on it, on which a bolt is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement along its axis, an axially spring loaded relative to it, an impact mechanism, a deceleration element, trigger-trigger mechanism, including a trigger with a return spring and a disconnect element, a feed mechanism, a kinematic mechanism and a firing mode setting mechanism, characterized in that the feed mechanism includes a pusher And a kinematic mechanism configured to provide a drive connection of the trigger to the gate, with a pusher mechanism for supplying and setting a shooting mode mechanism.  2. The submachine gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinematic mechanism includes a cocking and trigger lever pivotally connected to the trigger by means of a link and a link, the end of which is engaged with the possibility of disengagement with the free axis of the gear wheel connecting at least one gear rack pivotally connected to the retardation element pivotally connected to the shutter in front of it with at least one gear rack connected to the frame, and a control lever for interacting with the feed mechanism and Fitting shooting mode.  3. The submachine gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the feed mechanism includes a two-arm lever, the axis of which is mounted on the frame and which is pivotally connected at one end with a pusher configured to interact with the control lever.  4. A submachine gun according to claim 3, characterized in that the mechanism for setting the firing mode includes a stopper with at least one stop, an elastic element fixed to the stopper with the possibility of interaction with one shoulder with the shutter, and an elastic element fixed to the stopper interaction with the control lever, and a switch that is locked in three positions with the possibility of restricting the movement of the other stopper arm, the two-arm feed mechanism and the stopper are spring-loaded in opposite directions.  5. The submachine gun according to claim 4, characterized in that the stops are made in the form of ledges.  6. A submachine gun according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the shutter has a window for ejecting a sleeve and a cup for receiving a cartridge from the magazine, in which a latch-reflector is mounted, fixed in a slider, elastically connected to the frame with the ability to move in the groove of the shutter, and designed to fix the cartridge in the cup, and the extractor, rigidly connected with the shutter and made with the possibility of combining it with the groove of the sleeve at the same time as touching the release element of the trigger to the trigger-release lever.  7. A submachine gun according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the striking mechanism is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, the axis of which is mounted on the bolt, with the possibility of interaction with one shoulder with the barrel end, and the other shoulder is a firing pin for breaking the capsule cartridge.  8. A submachine gun according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the deceleration element is made with a figured surface with the possibility of its interaction with the surface of the barrel when the shutter recovers.  9. A submachine gun according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the magazine for cartridges is made in the form of a box-shaped case having curly bends of the side walls in the upper part for fixing the upper cartridge and cutouts in the end walls for the entrance of the pusher and longitudinal displacement the upper cartridge and housed in the housing of the cartridge feeder with a spring-loaded and freely rotating roller, designed to interact with the lower cartridge, and the distance between the side walls is selected with the possibility of placing cartridges in it in a checkerboard order with a gap between adjacent even and adjacent odd cartridges.

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