RU2561181C2 - Small arms without effect of "recoil" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms. The application of the proposed design is possible for both manual and for artillery systems of different calibre and purpose. Small arms without effect of "recoil" consist of the barrel with the receiver, comprising two U-shaped guides, a reflector and two boxes of locking. Also the arms have a removable lid of the receiver, a bolt carrier. The muzzle comprises a muzzle brake, which consists of two flaps hingedly mounted to the barrel and held in the open position by springs. Furthermore, the muzzle comprises two openings arranged symmetrically in the area of the muzzle brake. The longitudinal axes of the barrel, the muzzle brake, the bolt carrier, the bolt carrier rods, the gas pistons, the gas piston rods, the locking boxes brackets should be parallel to each other. The longitudinal axes of the barrel, the bolt carrier, the muzzle brake, the return spring of the bolt carrier and the telescopic tube of the return spring must be located on the same axis. The longitudinal axes of these elements should be in the same plane.

EFFECT: elimination of effort of "recoil" is achieved that occurs when firing, increase in shooting accuracy, cartridge power while maintaining or even reducing the weight of the weapon, and for artillery systems - reducing the weight and the possibility of mounting more powerful systems on mobile, marine and aviation platforms on which it was previously impossible to do because of the great effort of "recoil" when firing, which significantly increases the combat capabilities of our army.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Currently, there are several types of automatic small arms (hereinafter - automatic). The most common assault rifle is a Kalashnikov assault rifle.

The AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifle (see “Manual on small arms. 7.62 mm Kalashnikov’s assault rifle (AK) ed. 2e - M. Voenizdat of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1960) consists of a barrel with a receiver, sights and stock, detachable the cover of the receiver, bolt with a gas piston, containing a return mechanism and a gas tube with a receiver pad, trigger mechanism, forend, shop.

The barrel of a rifled rifle (4 rifles, curling from left-up-to-right), made of weapon steel. In the wall of the barrel, closer to its muzzle, there is a gas outlet. Near the muzzle section, the base of the front sight is fixed on the barrel, and on the side of the official section there is a chamber with smooth walls designed to place the cartridge when fired. On the muzzle of the barrel caused left-handed thread for screwing the sleeve when firing blank. The barrel is fixed to the receiver motionless, without the possibility of a quick change in the field. The receiver is used to connect parts and mechanisms of the machine into a single design, place the bolt group and set the nature of its movement, ensure that the shutter closes the barrel bore and locks the shutter; also inside it is placed the trigger mechanism.

The receiver consists of two parts: the receiver itself and a detachable lid located on top, which protects the mechanism from damage and contamination. Inside the receiver has four guides that define the movement of the bolt group - two upper and two lower. The lower left guide also carries a reflective protrusion. In the front of the receiver there are cutouts for which the bolt is locked, the rear walls of which are, thus, combat stops. The right combat focus also serves to direct the movement of the cartridge, which moves from the right row of the store. On the left is a similarly designed part, which is not a combat focus. The bolt frame consists mainly of a bolt frame with a gas piston, the bolt itself, the ejector and the hammer.

The bolt group is located in the receiver "posted", moving along the existing in its upper part of the guiding protrusions as on rails. This "hung" position of the moving parts in the receiver with relatively large gaps ensures reliable operation of the system even with severe contamination

The bolt frame serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism. It is fixedly connected to the rod of the gas piston, which is directly affected by the pressure of the powder gases discharged from the barrel, which ensures the operation of the weapons automatics. The weapon reload handle is located on the right and is made integrally with the bolt frame

The bolt has a close to cylindrical shape and two massive military protrusions, which, when the bolt is rotated, enter the special cutouts of the receiver, thereby achieving locking of the barrel for firing. In addition, the bolt feeds another cartridge from the magazine with its longitudinal movement before firing, for which there is a protrusion protrusion in its lower part.

An ejector mechanism is also attached to the shutter, designed to extract a spent cartridge case or cartridge in case of misfire from the chamber. It consists of an ejector, its axis, a spring and a stop pin.

To return the bolt group to its extreme forward position, a return mechanism is used, consisting of a return spring and a guide, which in turn consists of a guide tube, a guide rod and a clutch included in it. The back stop of the guide rod of the return spring enters the groove of the receiver and serves as the latch of the stamped cover of the receiver.

The mass of the moving parts of the AK is about 520 grams. Thanks to the powerful gas engine, they come to their extreme rear position with a high speed of the order of 3.5-4 m / s, which in many respects ensures high reliability of the weapon, but reduces the accuracy of the battle due to strong shock of the weapon and powerful blows of moving parts in the extreme provisions. Trigger trigger mechanism (USK), with a trigger rotating on the axis and a U-shaped combat spring made of triple twisted wire. The trigger mechanism allows continuous and single fire. A single rotary part performs the functions of a switch of fire modes (translator) and a double-action flag fuse: in the protection position it locks the trigger, whispers single and continuous fire and prevents the back of the bolt frame from moving, partially overlapping the longitudinal groove between the receiver and its cover. In this case, the moving parts can be taken back to check the chamber, but their course is not enough to send the next cartridge into the chamber. All the details of the automation and the trigger mechanism are compactly assembled inside the receiver, thus playing the role of both the receiver and the trigger housing. The "classic" USM AK-shaped weapon has three axes, - for self-timer, for the trigger and for the trigger. Shop - box, sector type, double-row, 30 rounds. It consists of a housing, retaining plate, cover, spring and feeder. The store’s attachment site is characterized by the absence of a developed neck - the store is simply inserted into the receiver window, catching a protrusion behind its front edge, and is fixed with a latch.

The principle of operation of AK automation is based on the use of energy of powder gases discharged through the upper hole in the wall of the barrel. Before firing, it is necessary to feed the cartridge into the barrel chamber and bring the weapon mechanism to a state of readiness for firing. This is done manually by the shooter by pulling the shutter frame back behind the reload handle (“jerking the shutter”) mounted on it. After the shutter frame moves backward by the length of the free travel, the curly groove on it starts interacting with the shutter leading lip, turning it counterclockwise arrows, while its combat protrusions come out from the combat stops of the receiver, which ensures the unlocking of the shutter and the opening of the barrel. After this, the shutter frame and shutter begin to move together.

When moving back under the influence of a hand, the bolt acts on the rotary trigger, putting it on the self-timer. The trigger is held on it until the bolt frame comes to its extreme forward position, where the frame, acting on the self-timer pen, divides the trigger from the self-timer. Then the trigger rises to the front sear (with manual “jerking the shutter.”) At the same time, the return spring is compressed, accumulating energy, and when the shooter releases the handle, pushes the bolt group forward. During the reverse movement of the bolt group under the influence of a spring, a protrusion in the lower part of the shutter pushes the upper cartridge in the magazine behind the upper part of the bottom of the sleeve, sending it to the barrel chamber. When the shutter comes to its extreme forward position, it abuts against the protrusion of the shutter liner and is preliminarily rotated by a small angle in order to get out of interaction with a special platform of the figured groove. The shutter frame at this time still continues to move under the action of the spring force and inertia, while it acts by a curved groove on the leading protrusion of the shutter to rotate the shutter clockwise to an angle of 37 °, thereby achieving its closure.

During its remaining (free) stroke remaining after locking the bolt to the extremely forward position, the bolt frame deflects the self-timer lever forward and down, which disengages the trigger from the self-timer, after which it is held in the cocked state only as the main sear made as a unit with the trigger crochet. Now the weapon is ready for firing a shot. When you press the trigger, he whispering, holding the trigger, releases him. The trigger, under the action of the mainspring, rotates around its axis, striking the hammer with force, which transfers the blow to the cartridge capsule, breaking it and thereby initiating the combustion of the powder composition in the sleeve. At the time of the shot, high pressure of the powder gases is quickly created in the bore. They simultaneously press on the bullet and on the bottom of the sleeve, and through it - on the bolt. But the bolt is locked, that is, motionlessly connected to the receiver, so it remains motionless, and they come in motion: a bullet on the one hand, a weapon as a whole on the other. Since the mass of the weapon as a whole and the bullet differs many times, the bullet moves much faster, moving in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel and, thanks to the presence of rifling in its channel, acquiring rotational motion to stabilize in flight. The movement of the weapon is perceived by the shooter as its return (one of its components). When the bullet passes the gas outlet, powder gases rush through it into the gas chamber under high pressure. They press on the piston on the rod, rigidly connected with the bolt frame, causing it to move backward. After the piston passes a certain distance (about 25 mm), it passes through special openings in the gas outlet pipe through which the powder gases are vented to the atmosphere (part of the gases are vented, the rest fall into the receiver or leak back into the barrel). The shutter frame, as with manual reloading, together with the piston moves backward by the amount of free play, after which the shutter is unlocked in the same way. At the same time, the parameters of the weapon (barrel length, ammunition power, mass of the bolt frame with piston, diameter of the gas outlet, and so on) are calculated (essentially selected) by the designers in such a way that by the time the bolt is unlocked, the bullet will already leave the barrel, and the pressure in its channel becomes low enough so that the unlocking of the bolt is safe for the weapon and the shooter.

When the bolt is unlocked by the backward sliding bolt frame, a preliminary displacement (“stragging”) of the sleeve located in the chamber occurs, which contributes to ensuring the reliability of the weapon automation. After unlocking the bolt, it, together with the bolt frame, begins to energetically retreat back under the influence of two forces: the residual pressure in the barrel bore (practically the pressure in this case is close to atmospheric and has little effect), until the liner leaves the chamber affecting its bottom, and through it - to the shutter, and the inertia of the bolt frame and the gas exhaust piston connected to it. In this case, the fired cartridge case is removed from the weapon due to an energetic strike of its bottom against the protrusion of the reflector, rigidly fixed to the bolt box, which informs it of a fast movement up and down. After that, the shutter frame with the shutter continues to retreat until they come to the extreme rear position, and after that they return to the extreme front. At the same time, in the same way as with manual reloading (depending on whether there is a single shot or a burst of shooting, there are features in the whispering work), the cock is cocked and the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber, and after that the barrel is locked. Subsequent events depend on the position of the fire translator and whether the shooter pressed the trigger. If the trigger is released, the moving parts of the weapon stop in an extremely forward position; the weapon is reloaded, is on a combat platoon and is ready for a new shot. If the trigger is pressed, and the translator is in the AB (automatic shooting) position, when the moving parts of the weapon come to the extremely forward position, the self-timer releases the trigger, and then everything happens exactly as described above for one shot, until the shooter will not remove his finger from the trigger or in the store for cartridges run out. If the trigger is pressed and the translator is in the OD position (firing single shots), then after moving the moving parts of the weapon to the extremely forward position and triggering the self-timer, the trigger will remain at the cocking point, held by the sear of a single fire, and will remain on it until the shooter releases and again does not pull the trigger.

The main drawback of the AK assault rifle is the insufficient accuracy of firing “bursts” and the presence of recoil when firing (this phenomenon is inherent in all types of small arms).

In order to eliminate the above drawbacks, I propose the design of small arms, providing high accuracy of firing "bursts" and the absence of the effect of "recoil" when firing.

The proposed design consists of a barrel with a receiver containing two U-shaped guides, a reflector and two locking boxes symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, each locking box contains a cover, two stops with hooks and a return spring on them and one bracket containing a return spring and an emphasis, a removable receiver cover, a bolt frame containing two rods with hooks on them, a cocking handle, a striker cover and the striker itself, as well as a hook for feeding a cartridge into the breech of the barrel and holding the bolt in the cocked state, two gas pipes symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel connected to the barrel by openings, gas pipes contain two gas pistons in them connected to the rods, the rods contain hooks on one of their ends for connections to the brackets of the locking boxes, a return mechanism consisting of a return spring and a telescopic guide tube, a trigger mechanism consisting of a trigger with a pusher located on it, epta with located on it pivoting bracket with cutouts, and fuse interpreter fire, forearm, shop, sights and butt. The muzzle contains a muzzle brake, consisting of two wings symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, pivotally mounted on the barrel and held open by springs, in addition, the muzzle contains two symmetrically located holes in the area of the muzzle brake necessary to ensure operation muzzle brake. The longitudinal axis of the barrel, muzzle brake, bolt frame, bolts of the bolt frame, gas pistons, rods of gas pistons, the brackets of the locking boxes must be parallel to each other, the longitudinal axis of the barrel, bolt frame, muzzle brake, the return spring of the bolt frame and telescopic tube return spring must be located on one axis, the longitudinal axis of all of the above elements should be in the same plane.

The proposed design of small arms works as follows: using the platoon handle located on the bolt frame (2), the bolt frame (2) is placed on the cockpit by manually moving along the receiver (4) towards the buttstock, while the return spring (26 ) and the telescopic guide tube (5), and the hook (15) of the shutter frame is fixed in the cocked state with the hook of the sear (17). At the first cocking, it is necessary to put the fuse (18) in the neutral position and, in addition, the stops (23) of the locking brackets of each locking box must be moved simultaneously in the direction of the muzzle brake in order to release the hooks of the link rods (11) of the bolt frame. When you press the trigger (16), the trigger pusher (20), abutting the bracket of the sear (21), disables the sear from the mesh with the bolt frame (2). In this case, the pusher (20), passing under the bracket (21), falls into the curved neckline of this bracket, after which it whispers under the influence of its spring and returns to its original position. When releasing the trigger (16), the trigger spring returns it to its original position, while the pusher (20), acting on the curly cutout of the bracket (21,) deflects it, disengages from it and returns to its original position without changing the position of the sear . The bracket (21) under the action of the spring (22) returns to its original position. The bolt frame under pressure of the spring (26) moves along the guides of the receiver (4), with its hook (15) it removes the cartridge from the magazine, sends the cartridge to the breech of the barrel (1) in the chamber. At the same time, the hooks of the rods (11) of the bolt frame engage with the stops (12) of the locking boxes, and thus the barrel is locked and at the same time the firing pin (3) punctures the cartridge capsule. A shot is taking place. Under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases, the bullet moves in the bore, passes two openings of the gas channels closest to the breech (9), the powder gases rush through them and enter the gas tubes (8), create pressure in them, under the action of which the pistons (6) come into motion, pulling traction (7). The piston rods (7) drive the brackets (13) of the locking boxes. During their movement, the brackets (13) act with their protrusions on the protrusions of the stops (12), after which the stops (12) disengage from the hooks of the rods (11) of the shutter frame (2), thereby freeing it. Under the pressure of the powder gases acting on the bottom of the cartridge, the cartridge presses on the bolt frame and diverts it in the direction of the butt. When the bolt frame moves, it with its hook (15) engages with the sear (17) and thus becomes a combat platoon. With further movement of the bullet along the bore, it passes the two holes of the gas channels (9) following the bullet in the vicinity of the muzzle brake. Under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases that occurs in these channels, the muzzle brake flaps (28) close the direct path of movement of the powder gases from the barrel and deflect them 180 °. This is a single shot. When firing “bursts”, the fire translator (19) moves in the direction of the breech of the barrel so that the translator plate overlaps the curly cutout of the bracket (21). Then, when you press the trigger (16), the trigger pusher (20) disables the sear (17) from engagement with the hook (15) of the bolt frame, but at the same time prevents it from falling into the curved cut-out of the bracket whispering (21) and returning to the original position while the shooter presses the trigger. Therefore, the bolt frame all this time can move freely along the receiver. Thus, the shooting "bursts".

It can be seen from the above that the bolt frame and cartridge sleeve move in the same direction after firing, and the gas pistons and related parts along with the force arising in the muzzle brake when it is closed, in the opposite direction. Therefore, with the appropriate selection of the masses of all the above details, their sizes, the location of the gas channels and the holes on the barrel, their sizes and efforts in the muzzle brake, the “recoil” effort during the shot can be completely eliminated.

The figures No. 1, 2, 3, 4 show the types of proposed small arms, its main components and parts. Position No. 1 - barrel, position No. 2 - bolt carrier, consisting of two rods with hooks, position No. 11, striker covers, position No. 10, the striker itself, position No. 3, and the hook, position No. 15; position No. 4 - a receiver containing U-shaped guides, a reflector and two locking boxes; the locking box consists of two stops, position No. 12, pivotally mounted on the housing of the locking box located between them springs, brackets, position No. 13, the return spring of this bracket, No. 25 located on the stop bracket, position No. 23, and the cover, position Number 24. Position No. 26 - return spring bolt frame. Position No. 5 - telescopic guide tube. Position No. 6 - a gas piston connected to the thrust, position No. 7. Position No. 14 - piston rod hook. Position No. 8 - gas pipe. Position No. 9 - gas channel. Position No. 18 is a fuse. Position No. 16 - trigger. Position No. 19 - translator of "fire". Position No. 20 - trigger pusher. Position No. 21 - a bracket whispered. Position No. 22 - the spring of the bracket whispered. Position number 17 - whispered. Position No. 27 - receiver cover. Position No. 28 - muzzle brake leaf.

The use of the proposed design of small arms is possible for both manual and artillery systems of various caliber and purpose. The application of the proposed design allows to increase the accuracy for hand guns, improves the power of cartridges while maintaining and even reducing the weight of the weapon, and for artillery systems - reduces the weight and the ability to install more powerful systems on mobile, offshore and aircraft platforms, which previously had to be done it is impossible because of the great efforts of “recoil” during the shot, which significantly increases the combat capabilities of our army.

Claims (2)

1. Small arms without the effect of "recoil" consists of a barrel with a receiver, sights and a butt, a detachable cover for the receiver, a bolt frame with a gas piston containing a return mechanism and a gas tube with a barrel, trigger mechanism, forend, shop characterized in that the receiver contains two U-shaped guides and two locking boxes located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, each locking box contains a lid, two stops with hooking on them and a return spring and one bracket containing a return spring and emphasis; the bolt frame contains two rods with hooks on them, a cocking handle, the striker cover and the striker itself, as well as a hook for feeding the cartridge into the breech of the barrel and holding the bolt frame in the cocked state; contains two gas pipes symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, connected to the barrel by openings, gas pipes contain gas pistons located therein, connected to rods; rods contain hooks at one of their ends for connecting with the brackets of the locking boxes; the trigger includes a trigger with a pusher on it and a return spring, a sear with a return spring on it and a swivel bracket with a curly cut and return spring, a fuse and a fire translator; the muzzle section contains a muzzle brake, consisting of two wings, symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, pivotally mounted on the barrel and held open by means of springs, in addition, the muzzle section contains two symmetrically located holes in the area of the muzzle brake; the longitudinal axis of the barrel, muzzle brake, bolt frame, bolts of the bolt frame, gas pistons, rods of gas pistons, brackets of the locking boxes are parallel to each other; the longitudinal axis of the barrel, bolt frame, muzzle brake, return bolt spring and telescopic tube return spring are located on the same axis; the longitudinal axis of the barrel, muzzle brake, bolt frame, bolt slide rods, bolt return spring, telescopic tube bolt return spring, gas pistons, gas piston rods, locking brackets are in the same plane. 2. Small arms without the "recoil" effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech barrel is locked by engaging the bolts of the bolt of the bolt frame with the hooks of the stops of the locking boxes, the unlocking of the breech barrel is carried out using gas pistons, which under the influence of powder gases moving in the direction of the muzzle end, they move the rods, which, acting on the brackets of the locking boxes, move them, while the brackets of the locking boxes, acting on the stops, set them in motion, the stops of the locking boxes they engage the bolts of the bolt of the bolt frame, thereby unlocking the bolt frame, the muzzle brake flaps when firing a weapon after the bullet leaves the barrel under the influence of powder gases, close the bore of the barrel muzzle barrel and change the direction of motion of the powder gases, after firing the muzzle brake flap under the action springs open the bore of the gun barrel.

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