RU2363908C2 - "tyamack" artillery piece with floating recoil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to floating recoil artillery piece. Proposed artillery piece comprises barrel with breech housing and breech block, cradle, upper mount, pedestal, gun carriage, recoiled barrel retainer that allows shooting at counterrecoil end and recoil-counterrecoil device incorporating three assemblies, i.e. recoil brake, counterrecoil mechanism and counterrecoil accelerator. The later comprises operating cylinder fitted on the cradle and housing a piston reciprocating therein and coupled, via con-rod, with the barrel. It incorporates also combustion chamber with powder charge and igniter, arranged on aforesaid operating cylinder. Aforesaid chamber accommodates breech block and trigger. Note here that inner spaces of aforesaid operating cylinder and combustion chamber communicate between themselves.

EFFECT: reduced weight.

11 cl, 10 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to artillery technology, and more specifically to tools with roll.

One of the most acute problems in the development of artillery technology is the reduction in the mass of guns. This is due to the need to quickly transport equipment over long distances, including by air. The newly developed towed guns have a mass 2.5 times less than regular guns with the same firing range (see table)

Gun Weight kg Max. firing range, km Native 155 mm howitzer M198 USA 7160 18.1 Regular 155 mm howitzer FH-70 Germany 9300 24.7 New 155 mm howitzer XM777 USA 3745 24.7

Weight reduction is achieved through the use of new design schemes, the use of the latest materials, the use of modern computer design technologies.

The use of artillery in regional conflicts, where the problem of transportation, including helicopter, and parachute landing, is even more acute, requires a further reduction in gun mass.

According to the patent No. 2213315 of the Russian Federation “Tver short-range artillery system, the recommended mass M _{r of} light (infantry) guns must obey the ratio

M _op = 300d ³ ± 10%,

where M _op , kg, d - caliber, dm. Thus, the mass of 152 mm guns should be 1050 kg.

One of the promising directions of reducing the mass of the gun is the use of the scheme of the gun with a roll-out (see, for example, AN Latukhin “Modern Artillery.” Military Publishing House. USSR Ministry of Defense, 1970, p. 162).

The roll-out tool contains all the components inherent in a classic tool (barrel with breech and shutter, recoil devices, cradle, upper machine, lower machine, carriage, additional devices), but, in addition, it contains a barrel stopper in the rollback position, i.e. in the extreme back position. At the same time, the gas compression energy is accumulated in the recuperator. After loading the gun, the stopper is removed and the barrel rushes forward under the action of gas compressed in the bowler. At the end of the acceleration of the barrel, a shot production device is triggered. The recoil momentum is first consumed to extinguish the barrel's momentum, and then partially extinguished by the recoil brake. The remaining part of the pulse is spent on compression of the gas in the knurl. Such a system provides a decrease in the momentum on the carriage, and, therefore, the possibility of reducing the mass of the gun.

The main disadvantage of the conventional roll-out implement scheme is the relatively small amount of energy stored in the knurl, and, as a result, the small amount of barrel movement.

The present invention seeks to remedy this drawback. The technical solution consists in the fact that an accelerator of acceleration containing an autonomous powder charge is included in the composition of the gun. The barrel is accelerated, therefore, as a result of the combined action of the gas pressure accumulated in the recuperator and the combustion products of the accelerator's powder charge.

Figure 1 - gun before the shot; figure 2 - gun at the end of the roll; figure 3 - options for the location of the accelerator, coasting; figure 4 - design of the accelerator and the scheme of its action; 5 is a diagram of the guns with the upper feed of the shot; 6 is a telescopic shot; 7 is a telescopic shot with a variable charge; Fig.8, 9, 10 - the action of the rotary shutter.

The gun (figure 1) contains a barrel 1, breech 2 with a shutter, a recoil device 3 (recoil brake, knurling, accelerator), a cradle 4, an upper machine 5, a lower machine 6, a carriage 7.

Figure 2 shows the position when the barrel rolls.

Figure 3 shows the location options of the accelerator relative to the cradle 4 (the cradle trunnions are located in the trunnion sockets of the upper machine). On figa all three units (rollback brake 9, knurling 10 and knurling accelerator 11) are located in one horizontal row above the barrel. Other possible options for the location of the units are presented in figb, c, d.

An embodiment of the accelerator is shown in figure 4. The design includes a working cylinder 12 with the housing of the combustion chamber 13 connected to it. The cylinder and the combustion chamber are connected by an opening 14. The piston 15 moves in the cylinder with the rod 16 connected to it. The cylinder is rigidly connected to the cradle and the rod to the barrel. The rod enters the cylinder through the seal 17. In the front of the cylinder there is an opening 18 for the release of powder gases.

The combustion chamber is equipped with a wedge gate 19 with ignition means 20 and a trigger 21. The trigger mechanism is connected to the barrel stopper mechanism 22 (shown by a dotted line) through a control unit 23. The block is configured to change both the order of operation of both mechanisms and the time interval between their operation . A powder charge 24 is placed in the combustion chamber.

The action of the gun is as follows. The position for loading is shown in figure 1. The barrel and other moving parts are in the rear position. Simultaneously with the loading of the gun, the powder charge of the combustion chamber 13 is loaded. Then the stop of the knob is turned off and at the same time (or with a small time difference), the powder charge of the accelerator is ignited.

The further process occurs in accordance with the above and differs only in that the forward acceleration of the barrel occurs not only under the action of the gas compressed in the reel, but also under the action of the powder gases of the reel accelerator. This provides a significant increase in the speed of the barrel towards the end of the run-up, a greater consumption of the recoil momentum for braking the trunk and, as a result, a decrease in the pulse on the carriage, which ultimately provides the possibility of reducing the mass of the howitzer and is the main technical result.

When the piston moves, the air in the cylinder 12 is forced out through the hole 18. After the piston closes the hole, the air remaining in the cylinder is compressed, which leads to soft braking of the piston. With further movement of the piston, the hole is connected to the piston volume and the outflow of powder gases into the atmosphere occurs.

The mass of the powder charge - accelerator is 0.20 ... 0.40 mass of the powder charge of the shot.

When firing at reduced charges, the accelerator is not used.

Since charging the accelerator is an additional operation, the implementation of which reduces the rate of fire, a design option with automatic accelerator reloading is considered.

In Fig. 1, the implement is shown in the rollback position, i.e. in the loading position. Under the loading conditions, the inequality

H is the height of the line of fire; Θ _max - the maximum elevation angle of the gun; L is the distance between the pins and the rear surface of the breech, 1 is the length of the longest part of the shot; d is the diameter of the shot.

As already mentioned above, the use of a roll-out scheme is especially promising for light infantry (assault) guns of regimental, battalion, and even company units and mountain guns (see literature). An additional reduction in the mass of the gun is achieved by reducing the mass of the projectile to C _q = 6 ... 8 kg / dm ³ (C _q = Q / d ³ , Q is the mass of the projectile, kg; d is the caliber, dm), as well as use in the construction of titanium and aluminum alloys.

Below are the calculated characteristics of the 122-mm regimental howitzer with the roll out "Tmaka", developed by MSTU. N.E.Bauman:

Howitzer mass, kg 550 Barrel length, klb 12 Mass of HE shell, kg (C _q = 7 kg / dm ³ ) 12 Muzzle velocity, m / s 250 Maximum firing range, m 6000 Horizontal angle ± 45 ° Vertical Angle -5 °, + 70 ° The maximum pressure in the bore, MPa one hundred Mass of explosive charge, kg 3.6 Filling ratio 0.3 Muzzle energy, MJ 0.375 Rate of Fire, rds / min 5 ... 6

The howitzer is separately shell-loaded, the two-station sliding carriage, shooting at full charge is conducted from the thrust bearing, at reduced charges - from the wheels.

For comparison, we indicate that the standard / domestic 120-mm gun 2B16 "NONA-K" has a mass of 1200 kg, i.e. 2.2 times as large.

Roll-out schemes can be used in combination with other recoil absorption methods. From the balance of pulses when fired

M _op v _op = Qv ₀ ,

where M _op , Q - respectively, the mass of the gun and the projectile, kg, v _op , v ₀ - respectively, the speed of the gun and the projectile, m / s, we obtain

where C _q = Q / d ³ , kg / dm ³ , d - caliber, dm.

The maximum allowable value of the recoil speed v _op , equal to the recoil momentum referred to the mass of the gun, is a design characteristic of the gun, which depends on the methods used to absorb recoil (roll-out scheme, use of a muzzle brake, firing from the thrust bearing). The table shows the values of v _op for various combinations of these methods.

No roll out Roll out No thrust With a thrust No thrust With a thrust No muzzle brake 2.5 3.0 5,0 6.0 With muzzle brake 3.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

In the particular case at C _q = 8 kg / dm ³ , v ₀ = 250 m / s, v _op = 6.67 m / s, we obtain the above formula

M _op = 300d ³ ,

M _op , kg; d, dm.

When choosing and evaluating the method of absorption of a shot pulse, it is necessary to take into account both physical and mechanical and military aspects. The use of a muzzle brake greatly unmasks the gun when firing and creates a traumatic acoustic impact on the calculation. Using a thrust bearing increases the preparation time of the gun for firing.

The use of a mortar-gun scheme leads to a decrease in the angle of horizontal aiming.

The use of roll-out guns as tank guns, lightly armored artillery guns and self-propelled artillery is very promising. It allows you to significantly increase the caliber of the gun.

The realization of the possibility of loading the gun in the state of recoil with the fulfillment of the condition (*) leads to certain complications (the need to increase the line of fire, the need to reduce the loading angle or decrease the length L, the need to dig out the rove to pass the cartridge, etc.).

The loading process in a rollback state can be facilitated by the following measures:

1) a decrease in the elevation angle when loading the gun, including using an automatic device;

2) using a telescopic cartridge (Fig.6, 7). The telescopic cartridge contains a sleeve 25 with a capsule sleeve 26. A tube charge 27 is located in the sleeve, the projectile 28 is located in its inner cavity. Telescopic cartridges are well known (US Pat. No. 4604954, 5048423, 5557059 USA), but their use in roll-out systems is a fundamentally new . A separate problem is the possibility of changing the mass of the powder charge when charging, which is mandatory for field artillery. Provides for the removal of parts of the charge 29 through the removable cover 30;

3) using a telescopic cartridge 31 simultaneously with a transverse loading circuit (using a rotary shutter 32). The following options are provided:

- the axis of the rotor shutter is perpendicular to the vertical plane passing through the barrel (figa - loading telescopic cartridge 31, figb - rotation of the shutter, locking the barrel and shot, figv - removing the sleeve). The extraction of the sleeve is carried out mainly upwards, i.e. against the direction of sending, due to the lack of free space between the breech and the surface of the earth;

- the axis of the rotor shutter is located in a vertical plane passing through the barrel (Fig.9). The telescopic shot is fed into the shutter and removed from the shutter in one direction.

For tank cannons with a roll-out, despite small elevation angles, the loading problem remains acute. This is due to the fact that in the rollback position the gun occupies almost the entire free length of the tower. A technical solution to the problem may consist in the use of side or top loading (Fig. 5), or in transferring a loading machine located in domestic tanks on the hull floor to the shoulder of the tower.

Literature

1. "Do I need assault guns?" Military Parade, 2002, No. 2.

2. "Regional wars: we need assault guns." Equipment and weapons, 2001, No. 2.

3. "Infantry artillery: a bright past and an unknown future." Equipment and weapons, 2002, No. 4.

4. "History lessons: German light infantry gun IG-18", 2002, No. 8.

5. "Weapons for regional conflicts." Independent military man. Review, 2003, No. 12.

6. "Tver" - a tool for the company. " Independent military man. Review, 2003, No. 32.

7. "Assault gun for local conflicts." Independent military man. review. 2004, No. 35.

8. “Optimization of the caliber of the short-range artillery complex“ Tver ”. Defense Technology, 2002, No. 11.

9. Ammunition for the assault gun. " Encyclopedia "Weapons and Technologies", v.12.

Claims (11)

1. An artillery cannon containing a barrel with a breech and bolt, a cradle, an upper machine, a lower machine, a gun carriage, a barrel stopper in the recoil position, a device for firing a shot at the end of a coast, and a recoil device comprising three parts — a brake recoil, reel and accelerator, characterized in that the accelerator comprises a working cylinder mounted on the cradle with a piston moving in it, connected by a rod to the barrel, and a combustion chamber with a powder charge mounted on the working cylinder and means of ignition, equipped with a shutter with a trigger mechanism, while the internal volumes of the working cylinder and the combustion chamber are connected. 2. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger mechanism of the accelerator and the barrel stopper mechanism are made with a drive from a common control unit, configured to change the order of operation of the mentioned mechanisms and the time interval between their operations. 3. A tool according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an opening is made in the front of the working cylinder of the accelerator of acceleration on its side surface. 4. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the powder charge of the accelerator is 0.20 ... 0.40 mass of the powder charge of the shot. 5. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that all three parts of the rolling-rolling device are arranged in horizontal rows on one side of the barrel above or below it. 6. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that two of the three parts are located on one side of the barrel, and the third part on the other side. 7. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to automatically reload the accelerator when firing. 8. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted on a movable platform. 9. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an automatic device for reducing the elevation angle during loading of the gun. 10. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a telescopic cartridge. 11. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a rotary shutter with a transverse loading circuit, while the axis of the rotary shutter is perpendicular to the vertical plane passing through the barrel, or is located in the said plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel.

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