RU2357189C1 - 'kashpir' tank round of separate loading - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns ammunition for smoothbore gun. Round includes missile part consisting of gunpowder charge, shell, ignition medium and rear section of armour-piercing rod positioned along gunpowder charge axis and featuring stabiliser, front part comprised by case and front section of armour-piercing rod, and abutment unit for front and rear sections of armour-piercing rod. Front part of round carries solid-fuel missile accelerator including case with nozzle unit, solid fuel charge, trajectory igniter with switch unit and receiver. Front section of armour-piercing rod is positioned along accelerator axis. Penetrating efficiency is improved due to increased missile speed at the moment of approaching armour.

EFFECT: enhanced armour penetration.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to tank shots of smoothbore guns. Unlike foreign unitary cartridges, domestic shots for 125-mm cannons of tanks 1-12, T-80 and T-90 are separate-shot shots, consisting of two parts - a projectile and a propelling part containing a powder charge, a cartridge case with an ignition device, sequentially fed into the trunk. The projectile and the projectile are placed in the radial installation of the carousel automatic loader located on the tank floor, while their length cannot exceed 600-650 mm.

In the light of modern requirements for armor-piercing shells, this length is completely insufficient. Currently, armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber shells (BOPS) with a length of more than 800 mm have already been developed. For example, the KhM946 BOPS for the promising 140 mm U.S. KhM291 cannon has a length of 870 mm (armor-piercing rod diameter 24 mm, lengthening 36.2, initial velocity 1800 m / s).

In the short term, the length of the BOPS can reach 900 and even 1000 mm. Placing such a BOPS in domestic tanks will require a fundamental change in their design, for example, transferring an automatic loader to the rear of the turret. Such a scheme is implemented in the designs of the French tank Leclerc and the experienced Ukrainian tank Yatagan.

Another technical solution that does not require a change in the design of the tank is proposed in patent RU 2282819 (the closest analogue). The projectile, in the particular case of BOPS, is made up of two sections - front and rear, equipped with a docking unit, while the rear of the projectile is placed before loading in the propelling part of the shot along its axis. Docking of both parts occurs at the time of loading. Options for the design of the docking station are proposed.

Regardless of how the problem of obtaining an armor-piercing rod of large length was solved, the task of increasing its speed at the time of approach to the armor remains urgent. The present invention is directed to solving this problem.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the tank shot of a separate loading to the smoothbore gun contains a propelling part consisting of a powder charge, a sleeve, an ignition means and a rear section of an armor-piercing rod located along the axis of the powder charge and equipped with a stabilizer, the front part consisting of a body and a front sections of the armor-piercing rod, and the docking node of the front and rear sections of the armor-piercing rod. A solid-propellant rocket accelerator is installed in the front part of the shot, comprising a housing with a nozzle block, a solid fuel charge, a trajectory igniter with its inclusion unit and a receiver of the installation, the front section of the armor-piercing rod being located along the axis of the accelerator.

The docking unit can be made in the form of a protruding part of one of the sections of the armor-piercing rod and a blind channel in another section of the armor-piercing rod.

Said docking station may be equipped with a control device providing remote transmission of a signal about the docking.

The front of the shot can be equipped with a pointing device to the target.

The traction igniter switching unit may be of a temporary type, or of a non-contact type, or of a command type.

The accelerator case can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy or titanium, or fiberglass, or carbon fiber.

Figure 1 - shot with uncontrolled BPS with the location of the docking station in front of the projectile; figure 2 is a shot with a controlled BOPS with the location of the docking node in the rear of the projectile; figure 3 - diagram of the action of the projectile; 4 is a projectile in flight at the acceleration site.

A shot with an unguided projectile (Fig. 1) consists of a propelling part 1 and a front part 2, separately stored in the tank’s ammunition. The projectile part 1 of the shot contains a sleeve consisting of a pallet 3 and a burning case of the sleeve 4, and a powder charge 5. The rear section of the armor-piercing rod 6, equipped with feathers 7, is placed along the charge axis. Tracer 8 can be placed at the rear end of the rod. protruding from the propelling part, provides the connection of the rear section of the rod with its front section after loading. Docking is facilitated by the presence of a chamfer on the rod 9. The connection is fixed by lock 10.

The front of shot 2 includes a rocket accelerator and a front section of an armor-piercing rod 11 located along the axis of the accelerator. The accelerator comprises a housing 12 with a bottom — a nozzle block 13 and a charge of solid fuel 14. In the head of the housing there is a switching unit 15 of the trajectory igniter 16 of the charge with a temporary installation receiver 17. In the rear section of the rod there is a blind channel 18 with an inlet conical part 19.

The accelerator housing 12 is made of lightweight material (high-strength aluminum alloy, titanium, fiberglass, carbon fiber). Nozzles are closed by conical caps 21.

Figure 2 shows a shot with a guided missile containing a control compartment 22 with retractable rudders 23. In this embodiment, the docking station is located in the rear section of the rod.

The shot is intended for use with standard automatic loading tanks T-72, T-80, T-90 and a trajectory blasting system such as “Aynet”.

The projectile action diagram is shown in Fig. 3 (D is the flight range to the target, R is the length of the acceleration section, S is the flight range before turning on the engine (point A)). The range to the target is measured by the range finder of the tank. Then, the on-board computer determines the value S = Д-R and the corresponding flight time. The machine removes the lower cartridge with two parts of the shot, stacked in parallel, and lifts it to the loading line. On the charging path, the induction installer enters through the receiver of the installations the calculated time interval into the block for switching on the trajectory igniter.

The chain rammer sends the front of the shot to the breech of the gun, and then, when the cartridge is vertically moved one position, the throwing part. In this case, the protruding part of the rear section of the rod enters the channel of the front section and is fixed in it with the help of a lock, forming an integral connection of both sections and both parts of the shot.

There are two options for docking parts and loading:

- docking combined with loading, while the joint of the parts when docking is in the channel of the gun barrel;

- Docking is done outside the barrel, and then loading is performed.

The first option does not require a change in the design of a standard autoloader, but complicates the control of reliable docking of parts. In this case, it is advisable to introduce into the docking station a control device that provides remote signal transmission about the docking.

The second option requires refinement of the standard automatic loading device, but provides more reliable control of the fact of docking parts.

At the calculated point A, block 15 gives a command to fire the trajectory igniter 16, which ignites the charge of solid fuel 14. In this case, the conical plugs 21 are knocked out. As a result, the projectile receives an additional speed. The projectile on the flight in the acceleration section is shown in figure 4. Upon impact, the composite rod breaks through the armor, while the housing 11 is destroyed.

The following is an estimate of the performance at a firing range of D = 2000 m / s with a 125 mm caliber projectile.

The length of the composite armor-piercing rod 900 mm Shaft diameter 23 mm Elongation 39 Density of the core material 18 g / cm ³ Rod mass 6.7 kg Muzzle Speed 1400 m / s Speed at point A 1200 m / s Speed boost due to accelerator 800 m / s Target Speed 2000 m / s Horizontal penetration 1100 mm

The target guidance device can be built on the principle of both tele-homing and homing and can function on the entire trajectory or only on the acceleration section R. The latter option is more economical.

Flight control can be carried out both by aerodynamic control elements (figure 2 shows the execution according to the aerodynamic scheme "duck"), and by controlling the thrust vector of a jet engine or shooting ballast masses.

Claims (6)

1. A tank shot of separate loading for a smoothbore gun, containing a propelling unit consisting of a powder charge, a sleeve, an ignition device and a rear section of an armor-piercing rod located along the axis of the powder charge and equipped with a stabilizer, a front part consisting of a body and a front section of an armor-piercing rod, and a docking unit for the front and rear sections of the armor-piercing rod, characterized in that a solid rocket accelerator comprising a body with a nozzle block is installed in the front of the shot , a charge of solid fuel, a trajectory igniter with a block for its inclusion with the receiver of the installation, and the front section of the armor-piercing rod is located on the axis of the accelerator. 2. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the docking unit is made in the form of a protruding part of one of the sections of the armor-piercing rod and a blind channel in another section of the armor-piercing rod. 3. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the said docking station is equipped with a control device that provides remote transmission of a signal about the docking. 4. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the front of the shot is equipped with a pointing device to the target. 5. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction igniter switching unit is made of a temporary type, or a non-contact type, or a command type. 6. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the accelerator body is made of high strength aluminum alloy, or titanium, or fiberglass, or carbon fiber.

Images