RU2373485C2 - Method of high-accuracy firing from automatic gun and set of shells to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to artillery. In fire, set of shells is used comprising drive shell furnished with signal radiator and driven shell furnished with signal receiver. Note that, after each shot by drive shell, a certain group of driven shells is fired so that the distance between drive shell and the last of driven shells is ensured, defined from relationship l = v₀ n / S, where V₀ is muzzle velocity, m/s, S is the gun rate of fire, shot/s, n is the number of driven shells in a group. Note that drive shell is guided to the target, while driven shells are guides to signal radiated by drive shell.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of fire.

13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to artillery, and more particularly to methods of firing automatic cannons with guided projectiles. An example of guided missiles for automatic guns can serve as a 76-mm adjustable shell CCS (Course Corrected Shell) of the Italian company "Alenia", which is part of the ammunition of naval artillery and designed to combat anti-ship cruise missiles [1]. The projectile is stabilized on the flight with a revealing plumage and has a fragmentation warhead with ready-to-use striking elements. The flight control of the projectile is carried out by the ship’s remote control system. In addition, each projectile must be equipped with a complex and expensive system for receiving commands at long range (for 76 mm cannons up to 10 km). The high cost of shooting is its main drawback.

The closest analogue of the claimed group of inventions is a method of high-precision firing from an automatic gun with guided projectiles, including sequential firing of shells and a set of shells for this gun, known from RU 2200290 C1, published on 03/10/2003. The disadvantage is the same as that of the analogue.

The present invention seeks to remedy this drawback.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the firing is carried out by two types of guided projectiles - the leading and the guided, and after each shot the guiding projectile produces a certain number of shots by guided projectiles, the guiding projectile is telemed with a remote control and is equipped with a signal emitter, guided shells are guided by the signal emitted by a projectile. The distance between the leading projectile and the last guided projectile of the group is relatively small. It is determined by the relation

,

,

where ν ₀ is the initial velocity of the projectile, m / s, S is the rate of gun fire, shots / s, n is the number of guided projectiles in the group. For example, with ν ₀ = 1000 m / s, S = 600 rds / min = 10 rds / s, n = 4, distance 1 will be 400 m. Signal transmission to this small distance is stably provided by much simpler equipment, which allows to achieve a technical result - reducing the cost of guided projectiles in comparison with the cost of conventional guided missiles, and consequently, the cost of firing as a whole.

In private versions of the method, firing is carried out from a smooth-bore gun, while the projectile is made with a disclosing super-caliber plumage or a rigid caliber plumage, or a sub-caliber plumage.

Shooting is made from a rifled gun, while the shells are equipped with a floating belt.

Shooting is made from a single-barrel gun with a cartridge strip or magazine, equipped with a given ratio of leading and driven shells.

Shooting is made from a single-barrel gun with a two-channel supply of cartridges, with the first channel serving a set of leading and driven shells, and the second - unguided shells.

Shooting is made from a single-barrel gun with an adjustable mechanism for the two-channel supply of cartridges with a variable ratio of leading and driven shells.

Shooting is made from a double-barreled gun, while leading shells are fired from the first barrel, and guided shells are fired from the second barrel, made with a higher rate of fire. The gun is configured to change the rate of fire.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the set of shells for the automatic gun contains leading and driven shells, while the leading shells are made remote-controlled and equipped with a signal emitter, the range of which is determined by the ratio:

,

,

where ν ₀ is the initial velocity of the projectile, m / s, S is the rate of gun fire, shots / s, n is the number of guided projectiles in the group, and guided projectiles are equipped with a receiver signal of the guiding projectile.

In private versions of the kit, the mass of the leading and driven shells are the same.

The guided projectile is equipped with a pulse correction unit containing loads and pyrotechnic charges located around the circumference of the projectile in the region of its center of mass for their firing.

The guided projectile is made of a high-explosive or cumulative type and is equipped with a contact fuse.

The guided projectile is made in an armor-piercing type containing a subcaliber core made of heavy alloy, for example, based on tungsten.

To facilitate the operation of control systems, both types of shells do not rotate in flight, which is achieved by using smooth-bore guns or floating belts on rifled shells. The stabilization of shells in flight is carried out by a super-caliber plumage or a rigid caliber or sub-caliber plumage.

Figure 1 - scheme of firing at an air target (RCC);

Figure 2 - leading guided projectile with a radio command television guidance system;

Figure 3 - guided adjustable projectile with an optical homing system and high-explosive fragmentation warhead;

Figure 4 - driven adjustable cumulative projectile with a radio homing head;

Figure 5 - guided guided projectile with armor-piercing core;

6 is a driven adjustable kinetic beam projectile;

7 is a diagram of a firing from a double-barreled installation separately by leading and driven shells.

The scheme of firing at an air target from a single-barrel installation is shown in Fig. 1 (1 — lead projectile, 2 — radiation of the lead projectile, 3 — guided projectiles, 4 — group of shells, 5 — target). Remote control of the projectile is carried out by the beam, command or radio navigation methods. The signal emitted by the projectile is an optical (infrared) or radio signal. In principle, other types of radiation, such as acoustic, are not excluded. Variants of the design of the leading projectile without combat equipment and with combat equipment are provided. The first option is preferred. The released volume allows you to place equipment with increased characteristics of long-range, accuracy and reliability, in particular an electric battery of large capacity, providing a high signal intensity. To facilitate the operation of the systems, the leading and driven shells are made non-rotating with stabilization by means of the opening plumage.

Figure 2 presents the leading guided projectile with a radio command television guidance system, an optical emitter, controlled by aerodynamic rudders and not having combat equipment. The projectile is made according to the duck pattern.

The projectile contains a housing 6 with an expanding stabilizer 7 attached to it. An infrared signal emitter in the form of a pyrotechnic checker 8 with an igniter 9 is placed in the rear of the housing. An electric battery 10, an on-board computer 11, a pressure powder accumulator 12, a converter 13, a steering block are placed machines 14, drop-down steering wheels 15, a receiver with an amplifier 16 and an antenna 17.

Figure 3 shows a guided projectile with an infrared homing and high-explosive fragmentation warhead. The projectile comprises a housing 18 with a pull-down stabilizer 19 attached to it. A charge BB 20 is placed in the housing, a correction unit 21 comprising shotgun loads 22 with pyrotechnic charges located around the housing circumference 23. A pulse correction unit is located in the center of mass of the projectile. The front and rear parts of the explosive charge are connected by a transfer charge 24. In the head part of the charge there is a contact fuse 25 with a detonator 26, a correction control system 27, an electric battery 28, a photodetector 29 and an optical window 30.

Figure 4 presents the guided adjustable cumulative projectile with a radio homing head (GOS). A charge of explosive 20 with a cumulative funnel 31 is located in the back of the case, in the middle part there is a pulse correction unit 21, in the front part there is a radio receiving device 32, a control unit 33 and a contact fuse 25.

Figure 5 shows a guided armor-piercing projectile with a subcaliber core and aerodynamic control. The sub-caliber core 34 is made primarily of a heavy alloy, for example, based on tungsten. In the head of the projectile are an electric battery 28, a block of steering machines 14, drop-down steering wheels 15, a receiving device 32. In the bottom of the projectile is a hard sub-caliber stabilizer 35.

All the above versions of the slave shells (Figs. 3, 4, 5) relate to direct hit shells. In the framework of this method, guided projectiles of zone action with trajectory fuses can also be used. The guided projectile shown in FIG. 6 belongs to the class of kinetic beam projectiles (“kinetic shrapnel”, [2-5]). The projectile contains a block of ready-made striking elements (bullets) 36 and an axial pyrotechnic charge-destroyer 37. For clarity, bullets in the form of balls are shown, however they can be made in the form of cylinders, cubes, hexagonal prisms, arrow-shaped striking elements. The projectile is equipped with a temporary fuse 38. An option is provided for the design of a guided projectile with a fragmentation warhead and a non-contact fuse.

There are options for shooting from installations with a different number of barrels. The sequence of operations when shooting the proposed method from a single-barrel installation is as follows. The cartridge belt or magazine is completed in a predetermined proportion with lead and driven shells, the number of driven shells per lead shell is optimized according to the "cost-effectiveness" criterion and can range from several units to several tens. Different types of shells, for example high-explosive fragmentation shells and armor-piercing shells, can be included in a set of guided projectiles in certain proportions.

After the departure of the projectile from the barrel, it begins to aim at the target using remote control (along the beam, by the command method, or in another way). Depending on the firing conditions and the type of target, the emitter can be turned on and the trajectory of the guided projectiles can begin to be corrected both on the middle and on the final sections of the trajectory. The emitter of the leading projectile creates intense radiation (optical, infrared, radio emission, etc.), perceived by the receivers of the guided projectiles. As a result, the position of the guided projectiles relative to the leading one is determined, and in each of them a command is generated to correct the trajectory, bringing it closer to the trajectory of the leading projectile.

The signal intensity from the leading projectile is calculated in such a way that it is perceived only by guided projectiles of its group and is not perceived by guided projectiles of subsequent groups. This provides a relatively small value of the correlation coefficient of the shooting. When a projectile that does not have combat equipment hits the target, the target is only hit by the kinetic energy of the projectile. A similar situation occurs when a guided projectile with an armor-piercing core hits. High-explosive and cumulative guided direct-hit projectiles hit the target due to both kinetic energy and explosive charge energy.

When firing kinetic beam projectiles (Fig.6) undermining the projectile occurs on approach to the target at the command of a temporary fuse or non-contact fuse type "rangefinder".

The disadvantage of the above method of firing is a fixed ratio of leading and driven shells. In some cases, this ratio is advisable to change. For example, when shooting at short distances, precise guidance becomes unnecessary, and shooting can only be carried out by guided projectiles, with the saving of costly leading projectiles. Changing the ratio of shells during firing can be implemented using an adjustable mechanism for the double-sided supply of cartridges in a single-barrel gun.

A simpler and more reliable technical solution is to use a double-barreled gun, while the first barrel fires with leading shells, and the second, having a higher rate of fire, with guided shells (Fig. 7). This solution allows you to vary the number of guided projectiles in the group, changing the rate of fire of one of the trunks, mainly the first. The second barrel can have two-tape power (guided shells or conventional unguided shells). When feeding the latter and turning off the first barrel, economical shooting can be carried out at near fixed targets.

The proposed method of high-precision shooting can be applied to automatic cannons of the Ground Forces, Air Force and Navy, including standard rifled guns of calibers 30, 37, 45 and 57 mm. First of all, it is advisable to use the method for the guns of infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-2, BMP-3), anti-aircraft missile and artillery air defense systems of the Ground Forces ("Tunguska", "Shell") and ship's assault rifles. It is advisable to increase the caliber to 40 mm [6-9], possibly up to 45 mm.

More promising is the implementation of the method and complex of shells in smoothbore automatic guns. The development of such tools is an urgent need. As calculations show, the development of tools should be carried out in the range of calibers 40-50 mm.

Literature

1. Odintsov V.A. Designs of shrapnel ammunition. C.P. Artillery shells. Ed. MSTU named after Bauman, 2002.

2. V. Odintsov. The return of shrapnel. Equipment and armament, No. 4-7, 1999.

3. Pat. USA No. 5817969, M. Cl. F42B 12/60 Reg. 6.10.1998.

4. Pat. USA No. 56864086, M. Cl. F42B 12/60, reg. 26.01.1999.

5. Pat. USA No. 6129024, M.C. F42B 14/06, Reg. 10.10.2000.

6. V. Odintsov. Small-caliber shells: cardinal solutions are needed. Ammunition, No. 3, 2000.

7. V. Odintsov. BMP automatic gun caliber: 30 or 40 mm. Equipment and armament, No. 4, 2000.

8. Odintsov V.A. A light infantry fighting vehicle with a 30 mm gun on the battlefield will not survive. Defense Technology, No. 11, 2002.

9. V. Odintsov. A transition to a caliber of 40 mm is required. Independent Military Review, No. 13, 2004.

Claims (13)

1. A method of high-precision firing from an automatic gun with guided projectiles, including sequential firing of shells, characterized in that the firing is carried out by two types of guided projectiles - a guiding one equipped with a signal emitter and a guided one equipped with a signal receiver, and after each shot a guiding projectile produces a certain number shots from a group of guided projectiles with the distance between the leading projectile and the last of the guided shells of the group, determined from the ratio

,
where ν ₀ is the initial velocity of the projectile, m / s,
S - rate of gun, rounds / s,
n is the number of guided projectiles in the group,
moreover, the leading projectile is aimed at the target, and the guided projectiles are aimed at the signal emitted by the leading projectile. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a smoothbore gun, while the projectile is made with a pop-up caliber plumage, or a hard caliber plumage, or a sub-caliber plumage. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a rifled gun, while the shells are equipped with a floating belt. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a single-barrel gun with an ammunition belt or magazine, equipped with a given ratio of leading and driven shells. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a single-barrel gun with a two-channel supply of cartridges, with the first channel serving a set of leading and driven shells, and the second - unguided shells. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a single-barrel gun with an adjustable mechanism for the two-channel supply of cartridges with a variable ratio of leading and driven shells. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing is made from a double-barreled cannon, while the leading shells are fired from the first barrel, and the guided shells are fired from the second barrel, made with a higher rate of fire. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gun is configured to change the rate of fire. 9. A set of shells for an automatic cannon containing several shells, characterized in that it contains leading and driven shells, while the leading shells are made remote-controlled and equipped with a signal emitter, the range of which is determined by the ratio:

,
where ν ₀ is the initial velocity of the projectile, m / s, S is the rate of gun fire, shots / s, n is the number of guided projectiles in the group, and guided projectiles are equipped with a receiver signal of the guiding projectile. 10. The kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the masses of the leading and driven shells are the same. 11. The kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the guided projectile is equipped with a pulse correction unit containing loads and pyrotechnic charges located around the circumference of the projectile in the region of its center of mass for firing them. 12. The kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the guided projectile is made of high-explosive fragmentation or cumulative type and is equipped with a contact fuse. 13. The kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the guided projectile is made in an armor-piercing type containing a subcaliber core made of heavy alloy, for example, based on tungsten.

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