RU2736305C1 - Method for reducing recoil force of firearms and gun with folding barrel chamber for implementation thereof (embodiments) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: method for reducing the recoil force of firearms consists in the fact that removal of shot cartridge by pressure of powder gases is carried out at the deflected cartridge simultaneously with projectile projection from the barrel. Shell extraction and flapping is performed by means of high pressure of powder gases acting on the cartridge case and slide chamber bottom. When the cartridge chamber leaves the wedge the cartridge opening channel is opened. Gun with swinging cartridge chamber for implementation of method comprises: loaded barrel; barrel receiver, in which the chamber with rocking shafts is installed with possibility of tilting, radial sliding element, gate, sliding gate plating of gate wedge lifting, return spring. Barrel chamber is equipped with grooves of Revelli. Cartridge feed mechanism selector makes it possible to select shell type during firing from two feeding channels. Punching mechanism produces direct inertial throwing of cartridge from link. Drive of energy-intensive mechanisms is carried out by two spring accumulators of mechanical energy. Gun also comprises system of electric or mechanical ignition of cartridge fuse, hydraulic brake, cooling system, electric pyrotechnic mechanisms for recharging and ignition of axial cartridge, collector, balancing mechanism, gas-dynamic stabilization system in form of nozzle and/or muzzle devices.

EFFECT: technical result is reducing recoil force, increasing automatic firing rate, reducing gun weight, enabling gun to be mounted on light mobile platforms, increased safety, increased reliability, increased combat efficiency of gun, simplified design, possibility of automatic firing of non-useless and/or telescopic cartridges.

19 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The invention relates to artillery weapons, and is intended for use in the military field, namely: in aviation, systems of the closest line of anti-missile and air defense, combat modules of mobile air, ground or surface, manned or robotic platforms, as well as hand-held sniper antimaterial cannons, automatic hand cannons or large-caliber rifles.

A cannon with a folding chamber is made in the following variants: 1. Automatic cannon; 2. Hand cannon.

The gun is designed for firing a unitary cartridge with a sleeve of any shape: bottle, conical, cylindrical, including a telescopic cartridge, and when installed on ground firing platforms, it is advisable to use caseless cartridges that partially burn out or fly away through the barrel with sleeves.

Sniper rifle ammunition has relatively little power, sufficient, basically, only to defeat manpower. It is inappropriate to use them to destroy material assets. The proliferation of personal body armor has reduced the effectiveness of sniper fire and the effective range of fire at protected targets.

The use of long-range cannon armament with a reduced recoil force solves the problem of limiting distances and individual protection, and when using a fragmentation projectile of a controlled trajectory detonation (which, according to the current state of the element base, can only be implemented in a cannon caliber), the probability of hitting manpower at maximum firing ranges and the range of firing missions to be solved is expanding. Therefore, such weapons on the tactical battlefield are more effective and cheaper than the fire of missile systems or heavy artillery due to the rapid situational reaction to emerging targets, the high mobility of such fire weapons and the accuracy of their firing, the inaccessibility of anti-sniper fire, and is also important for arming aircraft and light robotic firing platforms of various types.

The history of the development of weapons knows about reclining chambers for a long time, and there are known chambers reclining back (patent US 14491 A - 1856), forward (patents US 11536 - 1854, US 37048 - 1862, US 37407 - 1863. ), to the side (US patent 109419-1860), recoverable (US patent 1611-1840), etc. The purpose of these inventions was mainly to increase the speed of manual reloading of weapons.

A common disadvantage of such guns is the inability to organize early unlocking of the chamber in order to shoot the spent cartridge case with residual gas pressure, as well as insufficient obturation of powder gases in the chamber-to-barrel connections.

Known "Hand Cannon" (Rucni Tor) - RT-20 from Croatia (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-20), which is a large-caliber 20 mm cannon, the barrel of which is equipped with a three-chamber muzzle brake and a number of holes, equipped in the middle of the barrel, through which part of the powder gases is discharged from the barrel into a pipe equipped with a nozzle and installed above the barrel, through which the gases are discharged back, creating a reactive force opposing the recoil forces when fired, similar to the "reactive" recoil compensation system of a recoilless type gun.

The disadvantage of the gun is that due to the selection of the pressure of the powder gases during the acceleration of the projectile, it has a small effective firing range.

The known "Airborne weapon platform" (RF patent 2309358), consisting of many assemblies of barrels, in which projectiles with propellant charges are installed one after the other, and which, with consistent and unregulated ignition, allow achieving the highest rate of fire - up to 180 thousand rounds per minute, Moreover, the departure of shells from the barrels is carried out simultaneously with the departure of anti-mass from the opposite ends of the barrels, which fully compensates for the recoil.

The disadvantages of such a solution are that the use of such a system for aviation will be costly in terms of the fact that 50% of the mass that could be used for destruction simply flies back without benefit, and the advantages in the rate of fire will be leveled out by the small effective range of destruction. since at a very high rate of fire, the residual pressure of gases in the barrel will counteract the acceleration of the projectile, which will not allow obtaining a high speed. In addition, as the ammunition is expended, the length of the accelerating part of the barrel increases, which will lead to a change in the range of the projectile and, therefore, will negatively affect the accuracy of fire. In this case, the barrel for such a system must be smooth, which is characterized by low accuracy when firing with conventional shells. Thermal loading of the barrel from a high rate of fire will require a powerful cooling system. In the event of a pause in firing with a heated barrel, spontaneous detonation of any projectile and / or ignition of any charge in the assembly, which are installed in the barrel without sleeves, is possible, which is fraught with destruction of the platform, or the high temperature of the barrel heating will not stop firing, because a red-hot barrel will ignite the charges in the barrel until all shots have been expended. When solving the problem of barrel cooling, the problem of the need to finish shooting the remaining shots in the assembly will appear, since reloading such a system or disposing of unused ammunition will be difficult.

Known aircraft cannons GK-45 and GK-37 with an inert mass developed by M.N. Kondakov. (Shirokorad A.B., Sh 87 Secrets of Russian artillery, pp. 331-333. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2003.480 s, ill. ISBN 5-8153-0172-8). Both cannons have the same structure. They had two opposite barrels and a common chamber. When fired, a combat projectile flew forward, and a fictitious one flew back. The design of both barrels and mechanisms was the same, and this allowed the barrels to be swapped. Automation worked due to the energy of the powder gases discharged from the barrel. In fact, these were dynamo-jet guns with an inert mass, in which, together with the powder gases, an inert mass was thrown back, which was, for example, dummy shells or heavy metal sleeves (pallets) flying out through the nozzle.

The disadvantage of this solution was the excessive mass of the guns and the large non-target consumption of ammunition.

By the way, the founder of this principle of shooting was the great Leonardo da Vinci, who proposed it about 500 years ago. His weapon without recoil consisted of two identical cannons, connected by breeches, the barrels of which were directed in opposite directions. If you fire strictly simultaneously from both guns, their total recoil will be zero, and the guns and carriage themselves will remain motionless. But the disadvantage of this solution was that one of the guns had to shoot towards their own troops.

Known 37-mm dynamo-rocket cannon M.N. Kondakova "ARKON" (automatic rocket Kondakova) - the world's first recoilless automatic cannon, the development of which was completed in 1936 (Shirokorad A.B., Sh 87 Secrets of Russian artillery, p. 329. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2003.480 s, ill. ISBN 5-8153-0172-8). The cannon had a loaded barrel and automatic equipment operating by venting gases. Store food - 5 rounds. The cartridges had a brass sleeve with a plastic tray. The vertical wedge breech was made in one piece with the funnel (nozzle) and after the shot was automatically lowered down together with the funnel, and the barrel was moved forward, after which the spent cartridge case was extracted and the next cartridge was fed.

The disadvantages of dynamo-jet guns are that when fired, most of the pressure of the propellant charge goes into the open breech, because of this, the pressure of the shot is low and quickly decreases, not providing high-quality acceleration of the projectile. And the presence of a dangerous zone for people behind the nozzle unmasks the gun, makes it difficult or impossible to fire at large elevation angles of the barrel and use such guns as tank, casemate, anti-aircraft or air guns. For example, attempts are known to use recoilless guns in aviation (A.B. Shirokorad, Tukhachevsky's "Big Bluff. How the Red Army was rearmed", Veche Publishing House LLC, electronic version, 2015, URL: https: //www.litmir. me / br /? b = 600717 & p = 1). Thus, when using the recoilless 65-mm Aviation Cannons of the Kurchevsky APK-Zbis with a charge weighing 425 g, the destruction of the fuselage skin was noted, due to the fact that the outgoing gases literally "sucked" the skin from the aircraft structure.

Known aircraft single-barreled gun GSH-301 (http://www.kbptula.ru/ru/razrabotki-kbp/strelkovo-pushechnoe-i-granatometnoe-vooruzhenie/pushechnoe-vooruzhenie/gsh-301), according to the number of common features and purpose adopted as a prototype. This gun has a high rate of fire and uses a propellant ignition cartridge. The automatic gun is based on the use of the recoil energy of the barrel during its short stroke. The barrel, together with the breech, is the leading link of the automation and makes one reciprocating movement in one cycle (shot), ensuring the operation of the actuators. The loading of the cannon is a throw one, it takes place in an inertial way by pushing the cartridge by the rammer. The cartridge is fed into the receiver, lowers to the ramming line and with this movement removes the rammer from the sear. Then, with the help of a lever-spring rammer, a short-term push of the rammer is carried out into the bottom of the cartridge, which acts on a short section, causing it to be thrown into the chamber, which occurs without being accompanied by the rammer. The cartridge flies into the chamber by inertia, and there it is locked by a wedge gate.

The main disadvantage of artillery systems with a movable barrel is the sliding pair of the movable barrel, because to ensure the required reliability of the Cannon in conditions caused by thermal expansion of the barrel metal, as well as accumulating dust and soot, the barrel must have technological clearances in the sliding pairs. Clearances lead to barrel beating, and powerful vibration of the gun itself is added during firing, which are transmitted to the platform, which negatively affects the accuracy and accuracy of fire, especially at long ranges inherent in aviation distances.

Disadvantages of the gun:

- high recoil value - about 8 tons, which introduces a disturbing effect of shooting on the flight of the aircraft;

- the bolt is unlocked after the projectile is released, when the barrel, under the influence of recoil forces, moves back;

- has insufficient accuracy and accuracy of fire due to gaps in the barrel sliding pairs;

- has insufficient projectile speed and, accordingly, firing range;

- requires strengthening (weighting) of the attachment points of the gun itself and the structure of the platform, which neutralizes the low weight of the gun;

- you cannot use the gun on light mobile robotic platforms, because recoil will affect the dynamics and stability during firing of the platform (car, boat, aircraft, etc.) on which it will be installed;

- it is inexpedient to increase the caliber due to an even more increasing recoil.

Disadvantages of the ammunition supply system:

- the single-channel ammunition supply system does not allow the selection of a projectile according to the task and forces to fire a long burst, in which different types of projectiles alternate to hit a wide range of targets, which leads to inappropriate ammunition consumption, reduces combat effectiveness, unnecessarily overheats and wears out the barrel;

- the inability to fire from an open bolt when the barrel overheats can lead to the ignition of gunpowder or the explosion of an explosive shell of a cartridge in the chamber;

- there is no possibility of programming the projectile for trajectory blasting.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the recoil force of the firearm.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention allows:

1. Reduce the recoil force of the Cannon during normal acceleration of the projectile in the barrel.

2. Increase the rate of automatic fire by:

- increasing the speed of reloading through the use of a high-speed deflection of the chamber equipped with Revelli grooves, with a gas ejection of the sleeve;

- providing separate lines for extracting the cartridge case and loading when firing;

- simultaneous execution of operations to remove the sleeve and move the cartridge belt.

3. Reduce the weight of the Cannon.

4. Install the Cannon on light mobile platforms.

5. Provide the removal of powder gases and the shooting of the cartridge case from the chamber in any direction, which is favorable for its installation on aircraft.

6. Increase the reliability of the shot by:

- ignition of the propellant charge of the axial cartridge by an electro-ignited squib;

- production of reloading of the axial cartridge with an electrically flammable squib by deflecting the chamber.

7. Increase the combat effectiveness of the Cannon due to:

- the use of two channels of ammunition and selective alternation of cartridges in the queue according to the nature of the target;

- regulation of the rate of fire over a wide range;

- the use of projectiles with programmable trajectory blasting.

8. To simplify the design of the Cannon:

- using electric drives without unnecessary mechanical connections;

- the use of electrical control of the shooting processes.

9. Provide the ability to conduct automatic firing with caseless and / or telescopic cartridges from an open bolt, because no impact

hot powder gases for ammunition, which, in turn:

- will ensure that there are no spent cartridges and tape elements that can get into the skin or into the engine of the aircraft, or into the personnel following the robotic complex;

- will simplify the manufacturing technology of caseless cartridges through the use of shells produced by the industry in them.

10. To simplify the manufacturing technology of the Cannon by reducing technological operations.

11. Eliminate contamination with powder gases of the Cannon mechanisms.

The essence of the method for reducing the recoil force of firearms lies in the fact that the extraction of the spent cartridge case by the pressure of the powder gases is carried out with the chamber folded back simultaneously with the projectile departure from the barrel, while the cartridge case is removed and the chamber is thrown back by means of the high pressure of the powder gases acting on the bottom of the cartridge case and the chamber gate , and, when the chamber comes out from under the bolt wedge, the channel is opened for extracting the sleeve, while ensuring maximum synchronization of the projectile departure from the barrel and the spent cartridge case from the chamber.

The essence of the invention is that the Cannon with a folding chamber contains: a loaded barrel; a receiver in which the chamber is installed with the possibility of tilting, and for this it is equipped with swing shafts, a radial sliding element, a slide gate, a sliding slide bar for lifting the bolt wedge with a cartridge extractor, installed oppositely on its lateral sides; reciprocating spring with a striker; chamber chamber equipped with Revelli grooves; bolt wedge equipped with a spring to lower it; an electric igniter of the propellant charge of the cartridge; at least one spring accumulator of mechanical energy and at least one telescopic pusher of the front pistons of the spring accumulators; a link of the cartridge belt, equipped with a biconvex cut on the back in the area of the front spring legs with an h-shaped connecting bracket; link ejector; selector and mechanism for feeding cartridge strips; inertial sending mechanism of the cartridge; hydraulic brake; cooling system; electrical pyrotechnic systems for reloading and ignition of the axial cartridge; link collector; and also contains a gas dynamic stabilization system; auxiliary devices and mechanisms; system of electrical or mechanical ignition of the cartridge igniter; balancing mechanism; nozzle; visor compensator; muzzle device; the receiver contains: side plates equipped with holes for the rocking shafts of the chamber and guides for sliding the bolt wedge; a power plate equipped with a radial cut for the gate movement; a front baffle equipped with a hole for installing a barrel, a reciprocating spring and a sealing box sliding along the radial element of the chamber; the return spring is equipped with a plate-spring breaker; the retractable slide bar is equipped with a plate-spring extractor; contains two spring accumulators, which drive - one - the sending mechanism of the cartridge and the ejector of the link, the second - the selector and the mechanism for feeding the cartridge strips; cocking of spring accumulators is carried out from at least one lever mounted on at least one rocking shaft of the chamber and connected to the front shackles of the spring accumulators by means of at least one telescopic pusher equipped with a return spring; the hydraulic swing brake of the chamber is made in the form of a closed-type rotary vane hydraulic pump, which is installed on at least one swing shaft of the chamber, and contains a sealed stator filled with brake fluid, equipped with at least one profiled baffle, inside which the rotor is concentrically located, equipped with at least one shaped blade, when approaching the partition, the flow area for the brake fluid flow smoothly decreases; loading occurs when the cartridge is fed directly from the link, and the empty link is removed by pushing it back, for this, the link of the cartridge belt is equipped with an internal open cylindrical channel, and consists of a backrest extending from the front ledge to the tail stop, a rigid arch made somewhat wider than the bottom part of the sleeve and equipped with at least one stiffener and tubes from each groove for connecting brackets, two pairs of spring legs - front and rear, one pair of locking legs, while the back of the link at the level of the front spring legs is equipped with a biconvex cut, along which its deflection occurs when the cartridge is discharged; the links of the cartridge tape are interconnected by means of h-shaped connecting brackets, each bracket consists of a long and short legs connected by a jumper; the ejector of the cartridge strip link, installed under the window for ejection of the link, contains a link grip equipped with a slot and mounted with the possibility of swinging on the axis of the elastic rod fork with an ejection spring, a restricting sleeve and a stop installed on it, while the elastic rod is installed in the bracket hole, a rammer drive equipped on the rear piston of the spring accumulator; the balancing mechanism for tilting the chamber, is made on the basis of a deviation in antiphase of the balancing weight, contains two interacting gears, one of which is installed on the swing shaft of the chamber and is the leading one, and the other is installed on the swing axis of the balance bar, while the balance bar is equipped with a weight equal to the reduced weight chamber assembly, with an empty cartridge case and a back-and-forth spring; the bolt wedge is equipped with elements for initiating a propellant charge in the form of an electrical contact for an electric and / or striker for impacting the propellant charge of the cartridge; the gas-dynamic stabilization system contains any muzzle devices, for example, a bushing, a muzzle brake, a localizer, a compensator, a recoil amplifier, an induction programmer for a projectile fuse, a projectile muzzle velocity meter, and / or a nozzle and / or a visor compensator, or any one device or a combination of any of the above devices; the cooling system contains a tank equipped with a vapor-permeable membrane, a silicone insert in the tank, and a reinforced sleeve with a cuff, equipped with screw grooves from the inside; contains combat and / or auxiliary devices and mechanisms in full or incomplete, depending on its purpose; equipped with a manual loading system installed at the rear of the shutter, which is a frame for at least one store, while the rammer's thrust can be rotated axially together with the rammer, and the ramming is carried out manually by means of a rod equipped with a handle; the receiver is equipped with a longitudinal beam, which is a support and / or guide for the movement of the rammer, the selector engine, the cartridge belt feed mechanism, the selector shaft drive device.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by sketches, which show a basic structural diagram of a Cannon with a folding chamber.

FIG. 1. A fragment of a longitudinal section of the breech of the Cannon, the chamber in the loading position with an open bolt.

FIG. 2. A fragment of a longitudinal section of the breech of the Cannon, the chamber is loaded, the bolt is locked.

FIG. 3. Fragment of a longitudinal section of the breech of the Cannon, the moment the sleeve is removed and the projectile is ejected, the chamber is folded back, the bolt is closed.

FIG. 4. Mechanism of electroprocessing.

FIG. 5. Hydraulic brake.

FIG. 6. Barrel cooling system.

FIG. 7. Cross section of the receiver at the level of the chamber and the mechanism of electric ignition of the axial cartridge.

FIG. 8. Arrangement of the Cannon mechanisms after charging the spring accumulators, the chamber in the loading position, the selector pusher on the stop.

FIG. 9. Arrangement of the Cannon mechanisms after discharging the spring accumulator of the selector and the feed mechanism, the selector pusher acted on the feed mechanism and put the cartridge into the receiver.

FIG. 10. Arrangement of the Cannon's mechanisms after the discharging of the spring accumulator of the rammer, the inertial chambering of the cartridge into the chamber and bending of the link back occurs.

FIG. 11. Arrangement of the Cannon mechanisms after the inertial chambering of the cartridge into the chamber and the ejection of the link back.

FIG. 12. Rear view of the Cannon mechanisms.

FIG. 13. Mechanism for feeding cartridge strips.

FIG. 14. Cross section of the cartridge belt feed mechanism.

FIG. 15. The link of the cartridge strip and the connecting bracket.

FIG. 16. Link removal scheme.

FIG. 17. Mechanism for balancing the chamber.

FIG. 18. Diagram of the Hand Cannon.

FIG. 19. Diagram of the mechanisms of the firing-trigger and sending out Hand cannon.

Terminology adopted in the invention.

The forward direction is the movement directed from the breech of the Cannon to the muzzle (in the direction of movement of the projectile in the barrel), in the figures this direction is from right to left.

The “backward” direction is a movement directed from the muzzle to the breech of the Cannon), in the figures this direction is from left to right.

"Up" direction - upward direction relative to the normally located drawing.

Downward direction - downward direction relative to the normal drawing.

Electromagnetic lock - sear driven by a pull-in or push-in electromagnet, controlled by a control system.

Stowed position - discharged state of the Cannon - spring accumulators are discharged, the bolt is closed, there is no cartridge in the receiver and chamber.

Combat position - the cartridge is installed or not installed in the receiver, the spring accumulators of mechanical energy are charged, the bolt is open.

Firing position - the spring accumulators are discharged, the cartridge is installed in the chamber, the bolt is closed. For the production of a shot, it is only necessary to apply an electrical impulse to the electrocapsule.

A cannon with a folding chamber (hereinafter referred to as "Cannon") can be made in several applications: Automatic cannon - for aircraft, anti-aircraft, artillery installations, for mobile equipment, incl. light platform for any purpose, as well as in the version of the Hand Cannon, the difference of which is that it is intended for manual use and, in order to reduce weight, does not have systems for automatic loading, cooling, reloading, forced ignition of the axial cartridge, etc., and manual loading is carried out either by the second calculation number, or by the shooter himself, by pushing the cartridge into the chamber with a hand rammer from at least one magazine.

The possibility of using the Cannon in the above applications is achieved due to the use of a folding chamber, which allows to shoot the cartridge case simultaneously with the projectile departure, which ensures the balancing of the recoil forces on both sides of the Cannon, and also increases its stabilization during the shot, which significantly reduces the impact of the shot on the platform or shooter.

To do this, it is equipped with special devices of the stabilization system, which make it possible to ensure its minimum force effect on the structure of the combat platform during firing:

- a folding chamber, which, during a shot, comes out from under the bolt, which allows you to shoot a spent cartridge case from the chamber at the moment the projectile leaves the barrel, thus reactive forces are mutually compensated;

- muzzle device (brake / compensator / localizer / programmer / speed meter), which, when fired from the Cannon, reduces recoil in a gas-dynamic manner, and also compensates for unaccounted for reactive forces;

- shoulder rest (for the Hand Cannon), which is equipped with a butt pad and shoulder pad made of shock absorbing materials;

- conical in cross-section, round and / or rectangular nozzle-compensator (ie "nozzle", equipped or not equipped with a visor, which is a compensator, ie "nozzle-compensator.

Also, the operation of automation is affected by:

- double-sided hydraulic brake, softening shocks when swinging (folding and returning) the chamber;

- the breech stop, which compensates for the blow from the downward action of the reactive force of the gases fired at the angle of the shell firing, but does not interfere with freely directing the Hand Cannon vertically.

To hide the Hand Cannon from infrared night vision devices, its surface, at least warming up when fired, is treated with a heat-insulating compound (for example, silicone paint or enamel).

Reducing the recoil force is achieved by coinciding in time with the departure of the projectile from the barrel with the departure of the cartridge case from the chamber. The retention of the cartridge case in the chamber until the projectile approaches the muzzle is achieved by a longer reclining of the more massive chamber than the movement of the projectile along the barrel. This allows you to send a larger amount of powder gases to accelerate the projectile with a significant decrease in the recoil force.

A method for reducing the recoil force of a firearm consists in the fact that the extraction of the spent cartridge case by the pressure of the powder gases is carried out with the chamber folded back and provides maximum synchronization with the projectile departure from the barrel, while the cartridge case is removed and the chamber is pushed back by means of a high pressure of the powder gases acting on the bottom of the cartridge case and the gate of the chamber, and, when the chamber comes out from under the wedge of the bolt, the channel is opened to extract the sleeve.

To implement the method, a cannon is used, the basis of the automation of which is a hinged chamber, which, when swiveled under the action of high-pressure powder gases from a shot, cocks the spring accumulators of energy-intensive systems. The operation of electrical actuators is carried out under the control of the control system. Extraction of the spent cartridge case is carried out by high pressure in the barrel-chamber channel while ensuring maximum synchronization with the projectile departure from the barrel by folding the chamber, through the action of high-pressure gases of the shot on its gate, and the exit of the chamber channel from under the bolt wedge.

OPTION 1. Automatic cannon.

I. Shooting unit.

Automatic cannon with folding chamber, contains:

- main combat devices and mechanisms:

loaded trunk; a folding chamber, the chamber of which is equipped with Revelli grooves; wedge gate with lifting and lowering mechanism; mechanical or elements of initiation of a propellant charge in the form of an electrical contact for an electric and / or striker for impact activation of the propellant charge of a cartridge; ammunition supply system, including a selector and a mechanism for feeding cartridge strips, a cartridge sending mechanism, spring accumulators, a slide bar, a return spring of the chamber with a striker; a link of the cartridge belt, equipped with a biconvex cut on the back in the area of the front spring legs with an h-shaped connecting bracket; link ejector; system of electrical or mechanical ignition of the cartridge igniter;

- auxiliary devices and mechanisms, including:

hydraulic brake; cooling system; electric pyrotechnic mechanisms for reloading and ignition of the axial cartridge; link collector; balancing mechanism;

- devices for gas-dynamic stabilization of weapons, including:

nozzle, visor compensator, muzzle device.

1. Barrel.

The barrel 1 (Fig. 1) is connected to the receiver 2. The breech section of the barrel 1 is equipped with a slug entrance. The muzzle of the barrel 1 can be equipped with any muzzle device, which is an element of the system (together with the compensator nozzle) of gas-dynamic stabilization, for example, a bushing, a muzzle brake, a localizer, a compensator, a recoil amplifier, an induction programmer for a projectile fuse, a projectile muzzle velocity meter, notch (sides), or in a combination of any of the above devices, or not equipped (not shown).

2. The chamber.

The front section of the chamber 14 is equipped with a gate 3, designed to receive the pressure of the powder gases in order to tilt the chamber 14 on the shafts 18 installed along the axis of its swing, while gate 3 can be made both for the entire width of the chamber 14, and not for the whole, with In this case, it can be located in a radial groove 4, and, in order to prevent the breakthrough of powder gases into the receiver 2 when the chamber 14 is tilted when the cartridge case 19 is removed by firing it, the perimeter of the gate 3 and the side and lower sliding surfaces of the chamber 14 are equipped with gas sealing elements, for example , from below by a sealing box 17 sliding along the lower radial surface 16, and the side sealing elements can be made in the form of ribs and / or half rings. The side surfaces of the chamber 17 on both sides are equipped with swing shafts 18, which can be equipped with a reloading mechanism and / or a hydraulic brake, and / or at least one lever 5 to drive the charging of spring accumulators of mechanical energy 61, 89.

The rocking shafts 18 of the chamber 14 are installed mainly perpendicular to the axis of the barrel 1 in a horizontal plane at the level of the axis of the barrel 1, or they can be installed above or below this axis.

The chamber of the chamber 14 is made in the form of a sleeve 19, mainly, a unitary cartridge of any shape - bottle, conical, cylindrical, incl. a telescopic cartridge, or caseless, or with a burning out, or with a sleeve flying away through the barrel.

For automatic ignition of axial cartridges 20 (Fig. 7), holes 43 are equipped in the side faces of the chamber 14, intended for the passage of the bullet and the force of fire from the squib 44 to the propellant charge of the cartridge case 19 of the cartridge 20.

In order to reliably extract the sleeve 19, which will occur at high pressure in the chamber 14, and to prevent it from bursting with high pressure of powder gases, the following equipment is provided in the Gun:

1. The chamber chamber 14, starting from its front cut, is equipped with Revelli longitudinal grooves (not indicated), which ensure the flow of high-pressure powder gases into the space between the sleeve 19 and the walls of the chamber chamber 14, and equalize the pressure outside and inside the sleeve, and also reduce friction of the sleeve 19 against the walls of the chamber chamber 14 during extraction, while the length of the grooves is calculated depending on the characteristics of the cartridge used and can be made for a certain length of the chamber chamber in varying proportions along its length, starting from its front part, including chambers for the muzzle, slope and sleeve body. And to ensure obturation of the bottom of the sleeve when fired, the chamber chamber 14, in the area of the bottom of the sleeve, is not equipped with Revelli grooves.

2. Below and behind the chamber 14, in the direction of movement of the cartridge 19 being fired (Fig. 8), a conical, mainly oval-shaped nozzle-compensator is installed, i.e. nozzle 83 and / or nozzle-compensator, while the function of the compensator is performed by the visor 84. The nozzle 83 in the upper part is equipped with a groove for the movement of the extended extractor 9 and breaker 13.

The upper breech outer section of the chamber 14 is equipped with a sliding slide bar 8, the rear end of which is equipped with a sleeve extractor 9 made of plate-spring. Pull-out slide bar 8 with extractor 9 are designed for:

- pressing by the extractor 9 of the bottom of the cartridge case 19 installed in the chamber to the contact 12 of the shutter 10, in order to ensure a better fit of the electrocapsule sleeve to the contact 12 of the electric igniter or the primer to the striker;

- unlocking (lifting) the bolt wedge 10 by the extended bolt plate 8 when the chamber 14 returns from the unfolded state to the combat one (Fig. 3).

- locking the bolt 14 by means of the bolt slide 8 inserted into the chamber 14 by the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20.

The lower part of the chamber 14 is equipped with a reciprocating spring 15, made of a plate, by means of which the chamber 14 returns to the loading position, the free end of which is equipped with a striker 13, also made of plate-spring and designed to move the sleeve 19 when tilted.

The front end of the reciprocating spring 15 is firmly installed in the partition of the breech box 2, and its rear end is made sliding along the lower outer surface of the chamber 14 when it is folded back, which allows the end of the spring 15 to move backward and, by means of a trigger 13 equipped on it, made in the form spring stop, to provide an initial force for starting the sleeve 19, imparting a certain translational speed to it. Further extraction occurs under the action of the pressure of the powder gases at the bottom of the sleeve 19. The ejector 13 enters the annular groove of the bottom of the sleeve with the cartridge 20 fully inserted into the chamber 14.

A high speed of extraction of the sleeve 19 is necessary in order to confidently overcome the disturbed air flow around the aircraft and thereby exclude strikes on the skin.

When the cartridge 20 is sent into the chamber 14, the tapered slopes of the sleeve 19 (Fig. 10) first squeeze the spring extractor 9 of the slide bar 8, allowing it to enter the annular groove of the sleeve 19 and by the force of inertia push the slide bar 8, which will release the slide wedge 10, which, descending under the action of its return spring 11, locks the chamber 14, and then - at the end of the ramming, the striker 13 enters the annular groove of the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20 and inhibits its advance along with the stop of the slope of the sleeve 19 into the slope of the chamber 14.

The chamber has three positions:

and). Loads, in which the inlet channel of the chamber 14 (Fig. 1) is open, and the wedge of the bolt 10 is raised up.

b). Combat, in which it is located coaxially with the barrel 1, the cartridge 20 (Fig. 2) is installed in the chamber 14, and the bolt 10 is closed;

in). The folded position, in which the sleeve 19 is removed (FIG. 3) and / or the spring accumulators are charged.

When firing with other cartridges that differ from the characteristics of the main ones, for which the mass of the chamber 14 is designed, as well as to coordinate the time of shooting the cartridge case with the departure of the projectile 21, it is possible to equip the chamber with additional mass in the lower part of the chamber (not shown), the regulation of which can be adjusted to the moment of folding ...

3. Receiver box (Fig. 1, 8-11).

The receiver box 2 is the main bearing part of the Cannon mechanisms and devices. It houses the chamber 14, the bolt wedge 10 and the ammunition supply system. A link collector 67 is attached to it at the back. The section of the receiver 2 in the area of the chamber 14 before the shutter can be made in the form of a U-shaped box, the lower part of which is made open or a closed bottom plate, and then the box can be closed. The receiver 2 can be short, for example, for the Hand gun (Fig. 1-3, 17), which ends with a wedge breech 10, or long (Fig. 8-11), in which the ammunition supply system is additionally located, and a collector link is attached at the back. In front, the receiver is equipped with a partition with a hole for installing the barrel 1, and also contains two side 12 (Fig. 7), one power plate 7, and a bottom plate. Side plates 42 are equipped with:

- a cutout for closer positioning to the holes 43 (Fig. 7) in the chamber 14 of the block 45 of the pyro-cartridges 44 for igniting the axial cartridges 20;

- guides for vertical sliding of the shutter 10.

The power plate 7 of the receiver 2 is equipped with a rotary chamber 4 (Fig. 1) in the form of an arcuate sector made along the swing radius of the gate 3 when the chamber is folded back 14. The lower part of the rotary chamber 4 is equipped with a sliding seal 17.

The open part of the receiver 2 is intended to accommodate the reciprocating spring 15 for tilting the chamber 14.

In the jammed space of the receiver 2, a longitudinal beam 52 is installed (Fig. 8), on which the mechanisms and elements of the ammunition supply system are installed - carriages 91, 99, a cartridge belt selector engine 68, a rammer 70 and a three-position switch 65 of a selector pusher 55 that the receiver equipped with a longitudinal beam 52, which is a guide for the movement of the rammer 70, the selector lever 68, the cartridge belt feed mechanism, the shaft drive device 66 of the selector 65.

4. Nozzle-compensator (Fig. 8-11).

The rear gate part of the receiver 2 is equipped with a nozzle 84, or a nozzle equipped with a visor compensator 85 (hereinafter referred to as a "compensator nozzle"), which are elements of the system (together with muzzle devices) of gas-dynamic stabilization. The compensator nozzle is designed to reduce the cannon's recoil by using the kinetic energy of the powder gases coming out of the chamber 14 following the removed spent cartridge 19 when the chamber is thrown back, and reflected from the walls of the compensator nozzle 84, 85.

The nozzle 84 is equipped with a special profile, and in cross-section is round and / or rectangular (for example, oval), it is installed under the wedge of the bolt 10 behind the chamber 14 along the axis of movement of the cartridge 19 being fired; if necessary, it is equipped with a gas deflector-compensator 85, in order to stabilize the position of the Gun when shooting in a horizontal plane.

Compensator nozzle 84, 85 performs the following functions:

In this case, the nozzle-compensator:

and). does not allow the propellant gases to expand strongly at the moment the sleeve 19 leaves the chamber 14 and, thereby, these gases create back pressure around the removed sleeve 19, preventing it from swelling or bursting;

b). the reactive force of the gases pushing out the sleeve 19, pushing off the walls of the compensator nozzle 84, 85, reduces the recoil force and stabilizes the gun along the barrel axis;

in). effects of gas localization and flame extinguishing appear, because in the nozzle 84, the temperature of the gas decreases and thus the transverse dimensions of the gas cloud decrease;

d), reduces the unmasking signs of the exhaust of powder gases when removing the liner 19;

e). the visor-compensator 85 reduces the effect of the reactive force arising when the sleeve 19 is fired and directed along the axis of the nozzle 84 to the power plate 7 of the receiver box 2, thereby gas-dynamically stabilizing the gun in the vertical plane;

e). due to the presence of a tilt angle of the chamber 14 relative to the axis of the barrel 1, it allows to increase the angle of vertical guidance and, thus, to shoot from a prone position (relevant for the Hand Cannon).

5. Wedge gate.

Wedge breech 10 (Fig. 2) is made with a constant spring-loaded closing and is designed to lock the chamber 14 in the firing position (ie, when fired). The middle longitudinal inner part of the breech can be equipped with a vertical radial groove - a groove, designed to ensure a constant radius when the chamber 14 is pushed back for movement of the upper part of the bottom of the sleeve 19 in order to avoid its deformation. To initiate the propellant charge of the cartridge 20, the wedge 10 is equipped with either an electric igniter 12 contact for supplying electricity to the cartridge's electrocapsule, or an impact mechanism (for example, for a Hand Cannon, Fig. 18), including a drummer 133, compressed by a mainspring, a combat sear 139, double-armed lever 135 for transmitting the shock impulse to the capsule through the pusher 137 to the firing pin 134.

Wedge 10 is equipped with a tension return spring 11, which constantly works to close it, and is slidingly installed in the guides of the receiver box 2.

The shutter has two positions:

- loading (open), in which the wedge 10 is raised upward, opening the inlet channel of the chamber 14 (Fig. 1);

- combat (closed), in which it locks the chamber (Fig. 2).

The length of the wedge 10 can adjust the angle of deflection of the chamber 14 - the longer the wedge 10 of the bolt, the greater the angle the chamber 14 deflects to shoot the sleeve 19.

6. The mechanism for eliminating delays of the "misfire" type.

To eliminate delays of the "misfire" type, the Cannon has two mechanisms:

and). Electro-pyrotechnic reloading mechanism of the rotary type (Fig. 4), designed for charging the spring accumulators 89, 61 of the gun and bringing its mechanisms into a firing position, or removing the cartridge 20 from the chamber 14 without firing a shot. Cocking is carried out by moving the levers 88, 4 (Fig. 11) on the rocking shafts 18 of the chamber clockwise, which, and, when firing, provides the opening of the bolt 10, the cocking of the spring accumulators 89, 61 of the rammer 70 and the selector lever 68 of the movement mechanism cartridge belts. In the case of using a single-channel ammunition supply system, the Cannon is equipped with one spring accumulator 61, while the cartridge strip moves when the chamber 14 is deflected downward, and the cartridge 20, inserted into the receiver, is sent to the chamber 14 by the energy of the spring accumulator 61 immediately upon returning the chamber to loading position.

The mechanism makes it possible to tilt the chamber 14 with the help of electrically powered pyrotechnical cartridges 29 (Fig. 4), when any of which is triggered, the powder gases passing through the channel 23 press on the blade 26 of the rotor 24 installed in the cylindrical housing of the stator 25 located on at least , one rocking shaft 18, by means of which the chamber 14 is folded back along the arrow "a". In order to avoid the effect of incandescent high-pressure gases on other squibs 29, their channels are closed by spring-loaded valves 22, which are capable of opening channel 23 for a triggered squib 29 under the action of pressure, but blocking the openings to inoperative squibs 29. High pressure exhaust gases, after deflection of the chamber 14, emit into the atmosphere through channel 28. Ignition of any electric pyro cartridge 29 allows converting the energy of the powder gases into the force of deflection of the chamber 14 and ejection of the axial cartridge by means of a trigger 13 and a slide bar 8 with an extractor 9.

b). The ignition mechanism of the powder charge of the cartridge 20, which is a block 45 (Fig. 7) with electrically powered cartridges 44 mounted on at least one side surface 42 of the barrel box 2, while the electrically powered cartridges 44 are directed into the holes 43 equipped in the side faces of the chamber 14 When an electrical impulse is applied to any of the electric igniters 44, its ignited charge pierces the sleeve 19 with a bullet through the hole 43 in the chamber 14, followed by a force of fire that ignites the propellant charge of the cartridge 20 with a jet of incandescent gases, providing a shot in case of failure of the electric contact igniter 12 or the capsule. Electric fuses 44 are fired automatically if a normal shot did not occur.

7. Hydraulic rocking brake of the chamber (Fig. 5).

The hydraulic swing brake of the chamber is designed to bumplessly stop the movement of the chamber 14 to the extreme positions - tilted or combat, by braking the angular velocity and transferring the movement energy acquired by the chamber 14 during firing into heat.

The hydraulic swing brake of the chamber is made in the form of a rotary, at least one-blade, closed-type hydraulic pump, which is installed on at least one swing shaft 18 of the chamber 14, the body (cylindrical stator) 33 of the hydraulic brake is attached to the side wall 42 (Fig. 7) receiver 2.

The hydraulic brake is a self-adjusting hydraulic device designed to create hydraulic resistance to the fluid flow 32 when it moves by the blades of the rotor 31, which is created by changing the flow area for the brake fluid flow between the rotor 31, when it turns together with the blades, and the partitions 30, which is smooth reduces the amount of fluid flow passing through the slots, increasing the resistance to the movement of the rotor, which allows you to smoothly reduce the swing speed of the rotor blades 31 and, consequently, the chamber 14, and thus smoothly and shocklessly stop the deflection of the chamber 14 in any direction. To stop water hammer, the end portions of the rotor blades 31 can be made with a gap between them and the stator 33.

The inner annular cavity of the hydraulic brake is filled with brake fluid 32. The hydraulic brake fluid is cooled by pumping it with a pump (or swinging blades) through pipes passing through a water-to-water or water-to-air cooler, possibly combined with a flow-through barrel cooling system (not shown).

Compensation valves and other hydraulic brake accessories are also not shown.

The proposed hydraulic braking system is low-inertia in design, provides rapid braking of the rotor 31 at the required speed in various phases of the braking process.

8. Cooling system (Fig. 6).

To reduce the thermal loads of the barrel of the Gun during firing, it can be equipped with a liquid flow-through (not shown) or water-evaporation cooling system of the leading section of the barrel 1.

The water-evaporation cooling system contains: a tank 41 for a coolant (for example, distilled water - so as not to clog the pores of the membrane 37 with deposits), installed around the barrel 1, which is equipped from the inside with a heat-resistant liner 40 made of soft silicone rubber (to compensate for the expansion of ice when water freezes); a conical heat-conducting liner 39 installed on the barrel 1 (tightly or by means of thermal paste), directed by the narrowing back (to direct the ice pressure to the rear rubber wall of the liner 40); a vapor-permeable membrane 37, resting on an elastic sleeve and dividing the tank 41 into volumes with water 38 and steam 36. Moreover, the volume with steam 36 is connected to the outer high-temperature reinforced silicone sleeve 35, equipped with helical grooves along the inner diameter and put on the barrel 1, and the front the end of the sleeve is equipped with a cuff-valve 34.

The principle of operation of a closed water-evaporative cooling system is based on the evaporation of water from volume 38 in contact with barrel 1 (or with a conical liner 39) that is heated during firing, converting water into a steam-water mixture, moreover, high-pressure steam passes through the vapor-permeable membrane 37, and accumulates in volume for steam 36, and then the increased pressure steam moves along the barrel 1 along the helical grooves equipped on the inner diameter of the reinforced silicone sleeve 35, and exits into the atmosphere through the front cut of the sleeve, made in the form of a cuff 34 wrapping around the barrel, which acts as a valve. When steam moves in the sleeve 35 along the surface of the barrel 1, heat is removed, and heat is also removed from the barrel 1 directly by water in the volume of the water tank 41, which can be equipped with cooling fins.

The presence of a vapor-permeable membrane 37 will contribute to a more economical consumption of coolant.

When water freezes at a high altitude, the ice expands and compresses the walls of the rubber liner 40, and the presence of the conical liner 39 makes it possible to reduce the forces of the ice expansion pressure on the barrel 1 and membrane 37, and redirect them to the rear wall of the rubber liner 40 without destroying the barrel 1, membrane 37 and tank body 41.

The gun, in addition to the liquid cooling of the barrel, can be equipped with air cooling, which is made in the form of mainly longitudinal cooling fins, equipped on the barrel 1, with the aim of blowing them with incoming air to cool the barrel 1 during the flight of the aircraft. In addition, during the termination of firing, the bolt wedge 10 of the Cannon remains open, which also allows the incoming air to cool it from the inside.

9. The mechanism for balancing the oscillations of the chamber (Fig. 17).

In order to reduce vibrations and stabilize the Cannon when firing, the chamber 14 can be equipped with a tilting balancing mechanism made on the basis of a deflection in antiphase of the balancing weight 120. Mutual deflection of the balance bar 119 and the chamber 14 is carried out through the interaction of gears 117, 118, one of which is 117 - is installed on the swing shaft 18 of the chamber 14 and is the leading one, and the other - 118 - is installed on the swing axis of the balance bar 119. The balance bar 119 is equipped with a weight 120, the reduced weight of which is equal to the weight of the chamber assembly, with an empty sleeve and a reciprocating spring. When the chamber 14 is deflected, its rotating gear 117 causes rotation in the opposite direction of the gear 118 of the balance bar 119, which causes it to deflect by the same angle as the chamber 14, but in the opposite direction, which compensates for the deflection response of the chamber 14.

II. Ammunition supply system (Fig. 8-11).

The ammunition supply system is installed in the receiver 2 after the wedge breechblock 10 and contains the following devices: spring accumulators 89, 61 (Fig. 11) selector selector engine and feed mechanism for cartridge belts 68 and rammer 70; mechanism for moving cartridge belts (Fig. 13, 14); chambering mechanism; link removal mechanism; links of the cartridge tape; link collector 67.

The holding of the spring accumulator 89 of the selector selector engine and the feed mechanism of the cartridge strips 68 is carried out by a fixed stop 54, against which the selector pusher 55 abuts. The holding of the spring accumulator 61 of the rammer 70 in the cocked state is carried out by the electromagnetic lock 63.

The rotation of the pusher of the selector 55 to drive the left or right tape is carried out by a rotary electromagnetic device 65, for example, a rotary electromagnet or an electric motor (for example, a stepper). This allows the cartridge to be fed into the receiver from the left or right ammunition supply channels immediately after the start of firing. In the absence of firing, the wedge breech 10 is open, and the barrel 1 is additionally cooled by the oncoming air flow, which removes the problem of possible thermal detonation of the projectile after intense firing, if it were in the chamber. The cannon can be equipped with two or one channel of ammunition supply with the implementation of receiving ammunition from either side. The movement of the cartridge belts is carried out by a device equipped with carriages 91, 99 (Fig. 13), on which feed pins (functioning as valves) 53 are installed, moving the links with the cartridges of the left or right belt into the receiver in reciprocating movements.

The presence of an electrically controlled electromagnetic selector of the cartridge tape feed mechanism allows you to select the tape feed channel before or during firing, therefore, the type of ammunition.

The levers 5, 88 (Fig. 12) of the chamber 14 are connected to the front shackles 49, against which the front pistons 50 of the spring accumulators abut by means of telescopic rods 47, inside which are installed tension springs 46, designed to return the spring accumulators 61, 89 and their two-arm rocker levers 62, 90 to the starting position for the next shot.

The cartridge 20 is sent into the chamber 14 by inertial direct chambering, in which part of the energy of the shot is diverted to tilt the chamber 14, while the levers 5, 88 (Fig. 12) drive the rods 49 from the shafts 18 of the chamber 14 cocking the spring accumulators 61, 89 of the selector engine a mechanism for moving the cartridge belts 68 and the rammer 70, in which they are fixed from discharge by an electromagnetic retractable lock 63, and a fixed stop 54, against which the pusher of the selector 55 of the cartridge belt feed mechanism abuts.

1. Spring accumulators of mechanical energy.

To drive the mechanisms of two-channel ammunition supply, the Cannon contains two spring accumulators of mechanical energy, in which pre-stressed compression springs 51 are installed, enclosed in cylindrical bodies 61, 89. The accumulators have the same design and are installed in parallel above the upper power plate 7, driven by levers 4, 88, the levers are mounted on both sides of the receiver 2 on the rocking shafts 18 of the chamber 14. The springs 51 are pre-tensioned and clamped between the front 50 and rear pistons 56 (86) on the link 58 equipped with shackles at the front 49 and at the rear 60. Front pistons 50 batteries are equipped with a latch for placing them on an electric lock 48. In front, the front earrings 49 are connected to telescopic rods 47 with a tension spring 46 inside and are connected to the levers 5, 88 of the swing shafts 18 of the chamber 14, and at the back are equipped with rocker levers 62, 90, which are equipped with longitudinal slots , intended for movement along them axes 57 (to street stones). The ends of the yokes 58 are equipped with shackles 60 against which the rear pistons 56, 86 abut. The rear piston 56 of the spring accumulator 61 (Fig. 11) of the rammer 70 is equipped with a bracket 74 for driving the link gripper 83. The two-shoulder link arms 62, 90 (Fig. 12) are installed on the bushings in parallel on one axis 59, common to both two-arm rocker levers, which are connected - one with the rammer 70, the other with the selector lever 68 of the cartridge belt movement mechanism.

The two-armed rocker arms 62, 90 can also be telescopic with at least one compression spring inside.

2. The mechanism of delivery (Fig. 8-11).

The chambering mechanism carries out the inertial (throw) chambering of the cartridge 20 and contains: lever 4 of the swing shaft 18 of the chamber 14; front shackle 49 and piston 50 for charging the spring accumulator 61; spring accumulator 61; two-armed rammer rocker arm 90; a rammer 70 moving in a longitudinal beam 52 along a dovetail groove; an electromagnetic lock 63 with a retractable anchor; an ejector link containing a catch 83 with a slot 81 for the protrusion 111 of the link 87, connected by a fork 79 with an elastic rod 77, cooperating with the bracket 74 of the rear piston 56; an ejection mechanism comprising a washer 71, a return spring 72 mounted in a restricting tube 73. A link gripper 83 is mounted on an axis 82 of a fork 79 and is spring loaded by a spring 80 to provide an operating position.

The chambering mechanism is installed inside the receiver box 2.

3. Selector mechanism for feeding cartridge strips (Fig. 13).

The selector of the cartridge tape feed mechanism is designed to switch the supply of any cartridge tape to the receiver before or during firing, and it also drives the cartridge tape feed mechanism. The selector is an engine 68 driven by a two-arm rocker arm 62 of a spring accumulator of ammunition 89.

A shaft passes through the selector slider 68 and is rotatably fixed in it, the front end of which is equipped with a crank 69 with a pusher 55 mounted on it, and the rear output end of which is made in the form of a spline shaft 66 sliding into the toothed sleeve of a three-position rotary electromagnet-switch or into a hollow toothed shaft of an electric motor (for example, a stepper) 65, the main position of which is neutral, in which the selector pusher 55 stands on a fixed stop 54, while the spring accumulator of the selector 89 remains charged. When an electric voltage is applied to the left or right side of the electromagnet-switch 65, its sleeve rotates to the left or to the right, respectively, when turning to the left, the pusher 55, by means of the crank 69, is installed on the drive of the slider 92 of the left carriage 91, and when turning to the right - with a stop on the drive of the slider 76 of the right carriage 99. When any carriage is put on the drive of the slider, the spring accumulator 89 of ammunition is able to press, by means of the charged spring accumulator 89, on the drive of the slider 92 or 76 of the selected carriage 91 or 99, which leads to the movement of the tape one step to the cartridge receiver. This allows you to select the type of cartridge that will be used in the queue when firing, before or during firing. Switching the selector pusher 55 to any of these three positions is carried out after the ammunition accumulator 89 is discharged and the lever 88 of the earring 49 moves its front piston with the tension spring 46 forward so that the two-armed rocker lever 62 can return to its original position by pulling the selector lever 68 with the pusher 55 back. Moreover, during automatic firing, the selector pusher 55 may not be installed on its stop 54, but immediately switch to the drive of the slider 92 or 76 of any carriage 91 or 99. The setting of the selector pusher 55 on the stop 54 occurs at the end of firing, so that when it resumes, you can was to start shooting with the required type of ammunition.

4. Mechanism for feeding cartridge strips (Fig. 13-14).

The mechanism for feeding the cartridge strips is designed for forced movement of the cartridge strip from either side by one step to the receiver, which is carried out during or after charging the spring accumulator 89 of the selector motor 68 of the cartridge strips, and, in principle, can be made in any form. In this invention, the belt slider is made in the form of a link mechanism, which contains carriages 91, 99, equipped with sliding or rolling elements, and moving reciprocally in guides. Let's consider the operation of the drive of carriages 91, 99 in motion using the example of carriage 99 (carriage 91 works in a similar way). The carriage 99 is set in motion by means of a connecting rod 98 mounted on the axis 97 of the carriage 99 and a two-arm lever 96 mounted on a fixed axis 94. The carriage 99 is equipped with feed fingers 53 for gripping and moving the cartridge strip, and the ammunition channel is equipped with fixing fingers (valves) 78 holding the cartridge strip from moving back. In order to reduce the weight and dimensions of the ammunition supply system, the springs of the feed fingers 53 (Fig. 3) are made of plate. The slider 76 is connected to the pin 94 of the short arm of the lever 96, and is equipped with a return spring 93.

The sliders 76, 92 of the carriages 91, 99 are located symmetrically on both sides of the fixed stop 54, against which, in the absence of firing, the selector pusher 55 rests. Moreover, if the spring accumulator 89 of the selector lever 68 is cocked, it is held in the cocked state by means of the pusher selector 55, abutting against fixed stop 54.

At the end of the movement of any of the cartridge belts, the cartridge 20 is located in the receiver along the ramming axis.

5. Link of the cartridge tape (Fig. 15, 16).

Link 87 (Fig. 15a) is intended for direct feed of the cartridge 20 when it is pressed forward. To do this, it is equipped with an internal open cylindrical channel, and consists of a back 109, going from the front protrusion 111 to the tail stop 107, a rigid arch, made somewhat wider than the bottom of the sleeve and equipped with one or two stiffeners 108 and tubes 104, 116 from each groan , two pairs of spring paws - front 102 and rear 106, one pair of locking paws 103, 115.

The cartridges are installed in the belt with the links down. The retention of the cartridge by the link in the belt during transportation is provided by the tail stop 107 and two pairs of spring legs 102 and 106 holding the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20 in the pre-pitched and bottom portions. The centering of the link 87 in the receiver is provided by the front protrusion 111, which fits into the slot 81 of the link 83 gripper. The back of the link 109 at the level of the front spring legs 102 is equipped with a biconvex cut 110, the purpose of which is to bend the back 109 by the gripper 81 and then deflect 83, the deflection of the back 109 (Fig. 156) was carried out at the site of the cut 110, which will cause the front legs 102 to diverge and weaken their grip force on the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20.

The outer middle part of link 87 - the arch - is made somewhat wider than the bottom part of the sleeve and its ends along the middle line of the sleeve are equipped with tubes 104 and 116 for h-shaped connecting brackets. In front of the tubes 104, 116, there are spring locking tabs 103, 115.

The h-shaped bracket (Fig. 15c) consists of a long 114, 113 and a short 105 legs, connected by a jumper 112.

When the cartridge 100 is installed in the link (Fig. 14), the locking legs 103, 115 move apart and, on the one hand, the locking tab 103 (Fig. 16) grasps and holds the h-shaped bracket by the long leg 114 installed in the tube 104, while the other On the side, the locking tab 115 extended by the chuck 20 prevents the short leg 105 of the link shackle from coming out of the tube 116, preventing the links from moving longitudinally relative to each other and ensuring their reliable connection.

To accurately fix the link 87 in the receiver when the cartridge is discharged, it is equipped with a front protrusion 111, with which it is held and centered along the axial line of the receiver at the entrance to the slot 81 with a conical entry, made in the grip of the link 83, as well as the tail stop 107, which, when ramming enters the centering recess of the support 75. This ensures accurate insertion of the cartridge 20 into the chamber. The inner surface of the link 87 is covered with an antifriction compound to reduce friction during the forward movement of the cartridge when it is discharged.

The legs 102, 106 of the link 87 holding the sleeve are made in an open design and form a slot on top for the passage of the rammer 70 and the support of the tail stop 75. In this case, the links 87 for the right and left feed are made the same, but for the left and right feed of cartridge strips, h -shaped brackets connecting their links are installed in a mirror image - the short leg 105 of the bracket should be directed towards the movement of the cartridge strip.

H-shaped brackets are installed in the link unidirectionally, i.e. On the one hand, a bracket with a long leg 113 is installed in the link tube 104, and its extension 114 after the bridge 112 is bent around by the locking tab 103 (Fig. 16), which securely fixes it on the link. On the other hand, a short leg 105 is installed into the tube 116 of link 87, then a cartridge 20 is inserted into the link from the back, which pushes the locking tab 115 and thereby reliably fixes the bridge 112 of the bracket from removing it from the link 87. The connection of the links with an h-shaped bracket ensures proper hinge, fanning and curling of the cartridge strip, for this purpose, certain clearances are provided in the tubes 104, 116 for mounting the legs 105, 113 of the staples.

For one-way supply of ammunition, the cartridge strip can be made non-scattering, while the link removal mechanism can be disabled, or, when using loose links with a crab lock, these links can spill outside the receiver box.

6. The link ejection mechanism (Fig. 9-11).

The ejector of the cartridge strip link contains a gripper 83, equipped with a slot 81, and mounted with the possibility of swinging on the axis 82 of the fork 79 of an elastic rod 77 with an ejection spring 72 installed thereon, a restricting sleeve 73 and a stop 71. The elastic rod 77 of the grip of the link 83 is installed in the bracket hole 74 under the ejection window. The thrust arm 74 gripping the link 83 is equipped with a restraining tube 73, in which a push spring 72 is located. The restraining tube 73 is designed to adjust the distance at which the gripping of the link 83 begins to force the gripping of the link 83 on the front protrusion 111 of the link 87 in order to bend it along the cut 110.

With the further movement of the bracket 74 backward, with the link 87 fixed by the bracket from the backward shift, the grip 83 deflects on the axis 82 of the fork 79, and with its slot 81 it bends the front protrusion 111 of the link and its back 109 in the region of the front spring legs 102, while the cut PO is compressed, which leads to the expansion of the legs 102 and a decrease by them of the crimping force of the sleeve 19, and so that the rear of the link does not rise, the tail stop 107 abuts against the support 75 and thereby holds the link 87 in the axial position.

III. Operation of the Cannon mechanisms.

1. Work of the trunk group.

The principle of operation of the automation is based on the movement of the folding chamber. The chamber 14 (Fig. 3, 8) is the leading link of the automation and makes a reciprocating deflection in one shot, while charging the springs of the spring accumulators 61, 89, ensuring the operation of the actuators: moving the cartridge strip, feeding the cartridge into the receiver, sending it away, locking and unlocking the chamber, as well as starting and removing the spent cartridge case. When fired, the chamber 14 is deflected downward under the influence of the high pressure of the powder gases acting on the gate 3, and the reverse movement of the chamber 14 upward is produced by the force of the reciprocating spring 15.

When fired, the exit of the projectile 21 (Fig. 3) from the muzzle of the sleeve 19 allows the powder gases to exert pressure on the gate 3 of the chamber 14, and together with the movement of the projectile 21 along the barrel 1, the chamber 14 gradually tilts relative to the axis of the rocking shafts 18. But t. to. the reduced mass of the chamber 14, as well as the need for the drive of the ammunition supply system, increase its inertia relative to the mass of the projectile 21, then the opening of the chamber 14 until it leaves from under the wedge 10 will be slower than the movement of the projectile 21 along the barrel 1, therefore, the empty cartridge case is fired 19 (Fig. 3) will occur simultaneously with the departure of the projectile 21 from the barrel 1, balancing the recoil from the shot. At the same time, the gun works like a recoilless weapon. The presence of unregulated reactive forces from a shot is regulated by a braking muzzle device and / or a compensator nozzle 84, 85.

2. Shutter operation.

When the chamber 14 is folded back, the upper edge of the bottom of the sleeve 19, abutting against the wedge 10 of the bolt, slides to the wedge 10 (possibly equipped with a radial groove - a dolly) and then comes out from under it, freeing up space for the sleeve 19 to protrude from the chamber 14 and advance the slide bar 8 When the chamber 14 returns to the firing position, the bolt plate 8 moves the bolt wedge 10 up - to the open position.

3. Work of the hydraulic brake of the chamber swing (Fig. 5).

When the chamber 14 is thrown away under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases on the gate 3, one of its swing shafts 18 rotates the hydraulic brake rotor 31 in the direction of the arrow "a", with which its blades rotate. Braking is divided into three phases. In the first phase, when the rotor 31 starts to rotate, its blades suck liquid 32 into the hazardous volume from the gap that begins to increase between the cylindrical part of the rotor 31 and the bridge 30, which somewhat slows down the sharp rotation of the rotor shaft 18 of the chamber 14, creating more gentle conditions for its tilting. In the second phase, the slots are maximally open, and the rotor blades 31 continue to move the brake fluid 32 throughout the annular cavity along the arrow "a". In the third phase, the rotor blades 31 approach the bridges 30, and the cylindrical parts of the rotor 31 gradually enter the slots of the bridges 30, gradually decreasing the gap for the fluid flow and increasing the pressure in the pre-bladed volume and thereby increase the resistance to the movement of the rotor blades 31 until they stop completely , when this occurs inhibition of the reclining of the chamber 14. Bumpless stopping of the rotor 31 occurs through the presence of gaps at the ends of the blades, through which the liquid also passes, but in a smaller amount, extinguishing the recoil impulse, converting energy into heat.

The return movement of the rotor blades 31 when the chamber 14 is set to the firing position is carried out under the influence of the reciprocating spring 15 immediately after stopping its tilting, while the processes taking place in the hydraulic brake at this stage are similar to those described above.

The rocking speed of the chamber 14 is determined only by the conditions for moving the liquid 32 between the working volumes - from the pre-bladed volumes to the lobed ones, and vice versa, when the chamber 14 is tilted and placed in a firing position.

4. Work of the link.

When placing the cartridge 20 (Fig. 9) into the receiver, the front protrusion 111 (Fig. 15) of the link 87 enters the slot 81 of the grip of the link 83, which, in turn, is spring-loaded by the spring 80 and has the ability to swing on the axis 82 of the fork 79 of the thrust 77 When the cartridge 20 is sent, together with the beginning of its movement into the chamber 14, the backward movement of the gripper of the link 87 occurs, while the link 87 cannot move back, because the jumper 11 (Fig. 15c) of the staple is held by an elastic bent locking tab 115 (Fig. 16). Therefore, the impact of the moving back bracket 74 (Fig. 9) of the rear piston 56 on the thrust 77 of the grip 83 of the link 87 leads to its deflection on the axis 82 of the fork 79 and the arching of the back 109 of the link 87 with the projection 111 along the line of the biconvex cut PO (Fig. 10, 15), which leads to a dilution of the front legs 102 and a weakening of the friction of the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20 (Fig. 10) about them when ramming.

Removal of the empty link 87 is carried out by pushing it back - into the link collector 67, immediately after the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20 (Fig. 10) crosses the rear border of the elastic locking legs 103, 115 (Fig. 16), while the locking tab 115 is able to bend back into the empty link 87, which frees the jumper 112 of the staple, therefore, the short leg 105 of the staple from being held, and, thereby, allows the gripper 83 to push the link 87 back, while the grip 83, under the action of its spring 80, becomes in its original position, and the return the spring 72 of the thrust 77, expanding, pushes the link 87 into the link collector 67.

After pushing the link 87 into the link collector 67, the electromagnet of the lock 48 of the spring accumulator 61 of the rammer 70 is lowered, which allows the accumulator to move to the initial - forward - position by means of the tension spring 46 in the pusher 47 of the front shackle 49 of the front piston 50, while the grip 83 and the rammer 70 they also move to their original position and stand on their electromagnetic lock 63, and the receiver is ready to place the next cartridge into it, which will occur during or after the deflection of the chamber during firing.

5. The work of the mechanism for moving the cartridge belts (Fig. 13, 14).

During firing or before firing, a three-position rotary electromagnet-switch 56 turns the splined shaft 66, which, in turn, turns and sets the crank 69 with the pusher 55 opposite the engine 76 or 92 (Fig. 13) of the selected carriage 91 or 99 of the ammunition channel, in which installed ammunition sets (cartridges) of the required type, and the carriage of this channel, under the action of the spring accumulator 89 for moving the tapes, moves the first cartridge 20 (Fig. 14) in the tape into the receiver. When the carriage 91 or 99 is idling, when the lock 48 of this accumulator is turned off under the action of an electromagnet, the tension spring 46 in the pusher 47 of the earring 49 of its piston 50 pulls the spring accumulator 61 to its original position, therefore the tape is held by the fixing fingers 78 (Fig. 8-11 , 13, 14), and during the working stroke of the carriage 91, 99, through its feed fingers 53 captures the link with the cartridge closest to the receiver and moves it and the cartridge strip one step into the feed window into the receiver.

The Cannon uses direct inertial feed, i.e. the cartridge is squeezed out and thrown from the open link 87 of the cartridge belt forward - directly into the chamber 14.

The cannon's ammunition supply system is mainly designed for two-way supply of loose cartridge belts.

6. Work of the automatic equipment of the Cannon.

The Pushka uses an automation scheme with partial overlapping of operations in time. The main element of automation is the reclining chamber 14, the cartridge is discharged in an almost shockless manner by means of the rammer 70, pushing the cartridge 20 due to the energy of the spring 51 of the accumulator 61, and the extraction of the spent cartridge case 19, after mechanically moving out of the chamber 14, is carried out by the pressure of the powder gases, throwing it out with high speed. To dissipate the excess energy of the reclining chamber 14 and stabilize the operation of the automation during firing, a lamellar reciprocating spring 15 is used with shock loads damping by a double-sided hydraulic brake mounted on the rocking shaft 18 of the chamber 14.

The loading of the Cannon in the air is performed by an electric cartridge 29 (Fig. 4), through which the chamber 14 is tilted, the levers 5, 88, (Fig. 11) of which spring accumulators 61, 89, the selector engine 68 and the rammer 70 are cocked. In this case, the front pistons 50 spring accumulators 61, 89 by means of protrusions stand on their electromagnetic locks 48, the rammer 70 is held by the lock 63, and the selector pusher 55 rests against a fixed stop 54 in readiness for firing.

At the moment of pressing the release button, the weapon control unit commands the switch 66 to turn the pusher 55 of the channel selector to the selected engine 76, 92 of the ammunition supply channel, which inserts the cartridge into the receiver by means of the carriage 91 or 99, which moves the tape one step and installs it into the receiver cartridge of the selected type. Immediately after that, the carriage makes an idle run - it moves back and fixes the next cartridge, and thus the feed fingers 53 do not interfere with the movement of the cartridge 20 into the chamber 14 when discharging. After installing the cartridge 20 in the receiver, the electromagnetic lock 63 of the rammer 70 is activated, which, under the action of the spring 51 of the accumulator 61, pushes the cartridge 20 forward in a small area, while the cartridge 20 flies into the chamber 14 without interacting with any guides. At the end of the movement, the braking effect on the cartridge 20 is exerted by the extended movable slide bar 8 (the cartridge pushes it in) and the lock of the striker 13, which brakes the cartridge 20 by the annular groove of the sleeve 19, reducing the impact forces of the slope of the cartridge 20 into the slope of the chamber 14, while the spring 11 of the bolt lowers the wedge 10. Fitting the cartridge 20 into the chamber 14 occurs with the re-stamping of the slope of the sleeve 19, bringing about a smoother stop of the cartridge 20, which reduces its rebound. To ensure the contact of the electric igniter of the cartridge 20 with the electrical contact 12 of the bolt wedge 10, the cartridge 20 installed in the chamber 14 is pulled up to the contact 12 of the bolt wedge 10 by means of the retainer 9 equipped on the movable bolt plate 8 and / or the trigger 13.

Then, the electromagnetic locks 48 of the spring accumulators 61, 89 are turned on, and they are returned to their original position by means of the tension spring 46, and the elements of the ammunition supply system, the rammer 70 and the selector lever 68, rise to the initial position, ready for the next charging of the spring accumulators.

The weapon is charged and is ready to fire after an electrical impulse is applied to electrical contact 12.

It is possible to fire from an open bolt, when, after charging the spring accumulators, the rammer 70 and the selector pusher 55 remain on their lock 64 and the stop 54. In this case, the barrel bore 1 is open for additional cooling by the incoming air flow.

After the electrical impulse is applied to the electric capsule of the cartridge 20, a shot follows, during which the chamber 14 is thrown back and the spent cartridge 19 is ejected, as well as the cocking of the spring accumulators 61, 89, the energy of which makes it possible to activate the mechanisms for moving the tapes and the rammer.

1. During the shot occurs:

- tilting the chamber 14 to the position of removing the sleeve 19;

- straggling sleeve 19 and its release by residual pressure of powder gases;

- departure of the projectile 21 from the barrel 1;

- extension of the slide bar 8;

- decrease in pressure in the barrel 1 and chamber 14;

- Cocking of springs 51 accumulators 61, 89 rammer 70 and selector engine 68;

- actuation of the hydraulic brake.

2. After the shot occurs:

- return of the chamber 14 to the firing position;

- unlocking the shutter 10;

- readiness to move or move the cartridge strip from any channel of ammunition supply and setting the cartridge 20 into the receiver on the dispensing line;

- actuation of the hydraulic brake.

3. After installing the chamber 14 in the firing position:

- sending the cartridge 20 into the chamber 14;

- the valve by sending the cartridge 20 of the slide bar 8 into the slot of the chamber 14;

- the readiness of the selector to select and feed the cartridge into the receiver;

- the readiness of the rammer 70 to feed the cartridge into the chamber 14;

4. After choosing the type of cartridge with the selector and the start of firing, the following occurs:

- moving the cartridge strip and placing the cartridge 20 in the receiver;

- sending the cartridge 20 into the chamber 14;

- locking the shutter 10;

- supply of an electrical impulse to electrical contact 12 (or mechanical force on the sear of the striker for the next shot - for the Hand Cannon).

When the trigger is pressed or the trigger is pressed (with the cartridge installed in the chamber), voltage is applied to the electrocapsule (or the striker strikes the capsule), which ignites the propellant charge of cartridge 20. The expanding propellant gases push the projectile 21 into the bore 1, and when the projectile 21 leaves the muzzle of the sleeve 19, high pressure acts on the gate 3 of the chamber 14, which spreads through the reversing chamber 5, and throws the chamber 14 down towards the open part of the receiver 2, bending back the reciprocating spring 15. In this case, the projectile 21 from the barrel 1 coincides in time with the departure of the sleeve 19 from the chamber 14, which makes it possible to reduce the recoil force. During the opening of the chamber 14, the sleeve 19 is forced off by the end of the return spring 15, equipped with a breaker 13, and the movable slide bar 8, equipped with an extractor 9, and designed to lift the bolt wedge 10, as well as to remove the sleeve 19, is extended.

After the projectile 21 leaves the barrel 1, the force of the reciprocating spring 15 pushes the chamber 14 upward, while the extended striker 13 enters its groove and becomes in place, and the extended bolt plate 8 raises the bolt wedge 10, freeing the opening of the chamber 14 for entering into him cartridge 20, which, when entering the chamber 14 with its slopes of the sleeve, pushes up the extractor 9, and with further advancement of the cartridge 20, this extractor 9 enters the groove of the sleeve 19, which allows the cartridge 20, when moving forward, to push the slide bar 8 into the grooves of the chamber 14, clearing the way for lowering the bolt wedge 10. When the bolt 10 is closed, the extractor 9 presses the bottom of the sleeve 19 of the cartridge 20 to the contact of the electric igniter 12 or to the striker equipped in the bolt wedge 10, providing reliable contact between the electric igniter 12 and the electric capsule sleeve, or the capsule with the striker ...

IV. Control system.

The weapon control system mainly contains: a target recognition system, a range finder, a ballistic computer, control of a selector, a rammer, spring batteries, squibs of the reloading and ignition system of an axial cartridge, a trajectory detonation programming system, a radar, etc.

The control system contains: a control unit that issues control signals to the executive devices: electric ignitors of cartridges; projectile electric detonators; electroprocessors 29, 44; electromagnets of various locks 48, 63; selector switch 65, and other devices.

To facilitate the design and reduce the mass of links of mechanisms, the Cannon is equipped with electric drives, and the process of the shot is controlled by various sensors, the data from which is processed by the control unit and gives a command to the electric actuators to perform one action or another.

Control system operation.

The gun has the ability to fire in bursts as follows:

- from an open bolt, when the next cartridge is in the receiver and then enters the chamber - to cool the barrel with an oncoming air flow;

- from an open bolt, when there is no cartridge in the receiver, and the next cartridge is selected from either of the two channels of ammunition supply, then enters the receiver and then into the chamber - for the possibility of choosing ammunition for the target;

- from a closed breech when the cartridge is in the chamber - to reduce the reaction time to hitting a target.

After charging the springs 51 of the batteries 61, 89, lifting the bolt wedge 10 and transferring the Cannon mechanisms from the initial position to the combat position, the firing cycle consists of the following processes:

Shooting.

When the spring batteries are charged and the Cannon is aimed at the target, pressing the release button triggers the following actions:

1. Determination of distance;

2. Target recognition;

3. Determination of the rate of fire, quantity and type of ammunition and their sequence in the queue, the distance of the trajectory detonation and the direction of the fragmentation field of shells for complex target destruction;

4. Feed the cartridge into the receiver;

5. Feed the cartridge into the chamber;

6. Locking the shutter;

7. Shot;

8. Determination of the speed of the projectile for the introduction of clarifying amendments;

9. Reclining the chamber;

10. Charging of spring accumulators;

11. Shooting a spent cartridge case;

12. Moving the cartridge belt;

13. Placing a new cartridge into the receiver;

14. Return of the chamber to the firing position;

15. Opening the shutter;

After the end of the first firing cycle, with the release button pressed, the Cannon continues to work out the next firing cycles, starting from point 4 until the button is released, i.e. If the supply of electricity in a certain sequence to the electromagnetic locks of the Cannon systems does not stop, then the supply of cartridges to the chamber is carried out continuously, and the cycles are repeated one after the other, thereby firing a burst.

If the Cannon provides a single-channel ammunition supply system with sequential alternation of the type of ammunition in the cartridge strip, then in the firing position of the Cannon, the cartridge can be installed in the chamber. With multi-channel ammunition, it is possible to select the type of ammunition and, during firing, place a suitable ammunition on the ramming line. In this case, when firing stops, the ramming line remains free until the control system selects the type of ammunition.

To stop firing, the supply of electricity to the electromagnets of the locks of the mechanisms of the ammunition supply system is stopped. At the same time, the last cartridge in the chamber is fired, and the mechanisms of the Cannon stop in the combat position of their units, starting cn. 1, and the chamber is in the firing position of loading with an open bolt.

The automatic operation of the Cannon during firing is provided by an electromechanical and / or mechanical and / or manual drive. The automatic drive of the Cannon uses mainly the energy of high-pressure gases when firing, opening the chamber, and also, to drive electrical devices, energy is used from an electrical source (external and / or built-in), for example, from an electric generator and / or an electric battery of a platform on which Cannon installed.

The implementation of the reloading of the Cannon by firing the casings from the deflected chamber makes it possible to simplify the mechanism for extracting the case, minimize the mass of the Cannon, increase the rate of fire, and reduce the recoil. At the same time, for the use of the Cannon in aircraft, it is installed with the nozzle downward, and when used on land or floating platforms, with the nozzle, mainly upward or to the side.

The proposed Cannon, which has a reduced recoil, equipped with sensors and electric drives of different systems, makes it possible to network several artillery installations separately installed in any place and use these guns as a multi-barreled artillery complex with the provision of firing bursts and / or salvo, in which in any sequence alternate or the types of cartridges do not alternate, while it is possible to conduct salvo firing from all guns over areas and / or probable areas of the target's direction of movement during its unpredictable maneuvers.

OPTION 2. Hand cannon (fig. 18, 19).

The cannon can be made in a simplified design in the form of a Hand Cannon. Possessing high mobility, the Hand Cannon expands the range of fire missions on the battlefield, and can be used to promptly neutralize or critically damage expensive equipment and unarmored military equipment of the enemy, for example, radar equipment, missiles on the march and in launchers, tanks with oil products, and other objects located at distances inaccessible to large-caliber rifles. A projectile of the Hand Cannon will be able to hit a target in an armored personnel carrier with a sufficient beyond-barrier effect, as well as to hit a congestion of manpower on the ground with a fragmentation projectile with a controlled trajectory detonation, or a high-explosive projectile when it is located in light shelters.

The gun is intended for special purpose sniper groups with a crew consisting of two or three numbers.

The use in combat conditions of a mobile hand-held recoilless cannon - a hand cannon with high mobility, compactness, low weight, and also reduced recoil to ensure the possibility of firing from bipods or light machine tools, in many cases, is much more preferable than the use of heavy artillery systems, the moreover, the use of new sighting devices can significantly increase the effective range of destruction. The hand cannon will significantly outperform conventional large-caliber sniper rifles in terms of effective firing range and projectile energy, and in comparison with conventional cannons - in terms of weight, size and recoil, which affects its field of application.

In order not to impair the accuracy of firing from the Hand Cannon by vibrations of the barrel, when fired, the barrel 1 is made suspended, and the initiation of the powder charge of cartridge 20 is carried out mainly electrically, while, to ensure the stability of the Hand Cannon during guidance, its forend is equipped with stabilization elements - the front a stop made in the form of a two-legged bipod 130 and / or skis, fixed on the forearm 128, and a rear support 126 mounted on the lower edge of the receiver box 2, as well as manual controls - a shoulder stop 127 and a handle 129, with standard mounts on which sights and other devices.

1. Hand cannon ammunition system.

The hand cannon ammunition system can be made with a manual drive, including a frame 124 mounted behind the receiver 2, mainly for one or two magazines 125, mounted vertically and / or horizontally opposite one another, of which one magazine can be loaded, for example, fragmentation high-explosive cartridges, another armor-piercing. In this case, for the prompt selection of the type of cartridge, the rammer 122 is installed on a rigid rod 121, which is rotary. The rod 121 is connected, for example, with a movable front 143 or rear handle, and also interacts with the pin 132 (Fig. 18) on the striker 133 of the mechanism of shock initiation of the propellant charge of the cartridge, as a result of which, when the cartridge 20 is discharged, the spring of the striker 133 is cocked, and setting on an electromagnetic lock or a mechanical sear 139. The rotary thrust mechanism, mounted next to or on the handle 143, allows the delivery from any magazine without losing guidance. In this case, the rammer 122 itself is made deflectable and spring-loaded by a spring 123 in order to: a). When locking the bolt, the wedge 10 could deflect the rammer 122 (along the arrow) so that it does not interfere with the locking; b). Move freely over the cartridge 20, installed in the magazine 125, in order to then deflect and rest against the bottom of the selected upper cartridge in the magazine.

2. Mechanical trigger mechanism for breaking the capsule (Fig. 19).

The hand cannon can be equipped with a mechanical trigger to break the capsule. This mechanism works as follows.

Under the action of the shooter's efforts on the trigger 142, the rod 141 pulls the lever 140, which lowers the sear 139, and the striker 133, equipped with a sting 138, moves back to the bolt wedge 10 under the action of the mainspring, and produces a blow on the pusher 137, which, moving back , through the two-armed lever 135 transmits an impulse to the firing pin 134, which is forced to move forward and breaks the capsule - the propellant charge of the cartridge 20 is ignited. The firing pin 132 is cocked by the protrusion 131 on the rod 121 of the rammer 122, acting on the pin 132 mounted on the firing pin 133, when ramming cartridge 20 from magazine 125.

The movement of the bolt wedge 10 does not interfere with the percussion mechanism to function.

A hand cannon can also be made in a lightweight form, for example, without a loading mechanism, and the cartridge is manually sent with a different calculation number.

The hand cannon is equipped with several devices that compensate for the recoil moment in order to reduce the impact of the shot on the shooter and its stabilization during the shot:

- a folding chamber 14, which, during the shot, comes out from under the wedge of the bolt 10, which allows you to shoot the spent sleeve 19 from the chamber 14 upward and / or sideways at the moment the projectile 21 leaves the barrel 1, thus reactive forces are mutually compensated;

- muzzle device (brake / compensator / localizer, speed meter, induction programmer, etc.), which, when fired from a gun, reduces recoil in a gas-dynamic manner, and also compensates for unaccounted for reactive forces;

- shoulder rest (butt) 123, which is equipped with a butt pad and a shoulder pad made of shock absorbing materials;

- double-sided hydraulic brake, which softens shocks at the extreme points of swing of the chamber 14;

- back rest, softening the blow from the downward action of the reactive force of gases fired at the angle of the shell firing;

- conical round and / or rectangular nozzle 84, installed in the direction of movement of the cartridge 19 being fired, which is a reactive amplifier, the action of which is directed forward.

To hide the hand gun from infrared observation devices, a heat-insulating coating is applied to the surface of its heated parts.

To reduce weight, when using the Cannon, for example, as a Hand Cannon, it may not be equipped with: a cooling system, a link collector, a receiver with an ammunition supply system, a loading system, an axial cartridge ignition system, a mounting system, a muzzle device, and others.

The consequence of the implementation of the invention will be to increase the firing capabilities of the Hand Cannon.

The above scheme of the Cannon with a folding chamber is shown in principle and is a general illustration, which has great variability in the specific execution of parts, assemblies, mechanisms and / or the sequence of their operation, but for specific purposes of using the Cannon, its diagram and operating principle shown are not a limitation for use. other technical solutions that can be used in practice without violating the basic idea of the invention.

Claims (19)

1. A method of reducing the recoil force of a firearm, one cycle of operation of which includes: cocking a spring accumulator, moving a tape, inertial chambering of a cartridge in a chamber, locking a bore with a wedge gate, a shot, unlocking a barrel bore, starting and removing a spent cartridge case by the pressure of powder gases, which is different the fact that the extraction of the spent cartridge case is carried out with the chamber folded back and provides maximum synchronization with the projectile departure from the barrel, while the extraction of the cartridge case and the opening of the chamber is carried out by means of high pressure of powder gases acting on the bottom of the cartridge case and the chamber gate, and when the chamber comes out from under the wedge The shutter opens a channel for extracting the sleeve, while ensuring maximum synchronization of the projectile's departure from the barrel and the spent cartridge case from the chamber. 2. A cannon with a folding chamber, containing: a loaded barrel; chamber, the chamber of which is equipped with Revelli grooves; wedge gate with lowering mechanism; an electric igniter of the propellant charge of the cartridge; a spring accumulator of mechanical energy, a cartridge strip feed mechanism, an inertial cartridge sending mechanism, a striker; link of the cartridge tape; hydraulic brake; cooling system; electrical pyrotechnic systems for reloading and ignition of the axial cartridge; link collector; characterized in that: it contains a receiver, in which the chamber is installed with the possibility of tilting, and for this it is equipped with swing shafts oppositely installed on its sides, a radial sliding element, a slide gate, a retractable slide bar for lifting the bolt wedge, a reciprocating spring; the bolt wedge, equipped with a spring for its lowering, and also contains a gas-dynamic stabilization system, and auxiliary devices and mechanisms selected from: a chamber balancing mechanism, an electro-pyro-reloading mechanism, an axial cartridge electro-ignition mechanism, a barrel cooling system, a hydraulic brake, a link collector. 3. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric pyro-reloading mechanism and / or the hydraulic brake are each installed on at least one rocking shaft of the chamber, and the equipment with auxiliary devices and mechanisms is carried out in full or not in full, depending on its purpose ... 4. The gun according to claim. 2, characterized in that the receiver contains: side plates equipped with holes for the rocking shafts of the chamber and guides for sliding the bolt wedge; a power plate equipped with a radial cut for the gate movement; a front baffle equipped with a hole for installing the barrel, a reciprocating spring and a sealing box sliding along the radial element of the chamber. 5. A cannon according to claim 2, characterized in that the return spring is equipped with a plate-spring breaker. 6. The gun according to claim. 2, characterized in that the retractable slide bar is equipped with an extractor made of plate-spring. 7. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains two spring accumulators, which are driven: one is the cartridge sending mechanism and the link ejector, the second is the selector and the cartridge belt feed mechanism. 8. A cannon according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that the spring accumulators are charged from at least one lever mounted on at least one rocking shaft of the chamber and connected to the front shackles of the spring accumulators by means of at least , one telescopic pusher equipped with a return spring. 9. The gun according to claim. 2, characterized in that the hydraulic swing brake of the chamber is made in the form of a rotary vane hydraulic pump of the closed type, which is installed on at least one swing shaft of the chamber, and contains a sealed stator filled with brake fluid, equipped with at least at least one profiled partition, inside which the rotor is concentrically located, equipped with at least one shaped blade, when approaching the partition, the flow area for the brake fluid flow smoothly decreases. 10. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that loading occurs when the cartridge is fed directly from the link, and the empty link is removed by pushing it back; for this, the cartridge belt link is equipped with an internal open cylindrical channel and consists of a backrest extending from the front protrusion to tail stop, a rigid arch, made somewhat wider than the bottom of the sleeve and equipped with at least one stiffener and tubes from each groove for connecting brackets, two pairs of spring legs - front and rear, one pair of locking legs, with the back of the link on the level of the front spring paws is equipped with a biconvex cut, along which its deflection occurs when the cartridge is discharged. 11. The gun according to claim. 2, characterized in that the links of the cartridge tape are interconnected by means of h-shaped connecting brackets, each bracket consists of a long and short legs connected by a bridge. 12. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the ejector of the cartridge strip link, installed under the window for ejection of the link, contains a link grip equipped with a slot and mounted with the possibility of swinging on the axis of the fork of the elastic rod with a push-out spring installed on it, a restrictive sleeve and a stop, while the elastic rod is installed in the hole of the bracket equipped on the rear piston of the spring accumulator of the rammer drive. 13. The gun according to claim 3, characterized in that the mechanism for balancing the reclining chamber is made on the basis of a deviation in antiphase of the balancing weight, contains two interacting gears, one of which is installed on the rocking shaft of the chamber and is the leading one, and the other is installed on the swing axis balancer, while the balancer is equipped with a weight equal to the reduced weight of the chamber assembly, with an empty sleeve and a reciprocating spring. 14. A cannon according to claim 2, characterized in that the bolt wedge is equipped with elements for initiating a propellant charge in the form of an electrical contact for an electric and / or striker for impacting the propellant charge of the cartridge. 15. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas-dynamic stabilization system contains any muzzle devices, for example, a bushing, a muzzle brake, a localizer, a compensator, a recoil amplifier, an induction programmer for a projectile fuse, a projectile muzzle velocity meter, and / or a nozzle , and / or a visor compensator, or any one device or combination of any of the above devices. 16. The gun according to claim. 2, characterized in that the cooling system comprises a tank equipped with a vapor-permeable membrane, a silicone insert in the tank and a reinforced sleeve with a cuff, equipped from the inside with helical grooves. 17. A cannon according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains combat and / or auxiliary devices and mechanisms in full or incomplete, depending on its purpose. 18. The cannon according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a manual loading system installed behind the bolt, which is a frame for at least one store, while the rammer's thrust can rotate axially together with the rammer, and the ramming is carried out manually by means of a rod equipped with a handle. 19. The gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the receiver is equipped with a longitudinal beam, which is a guide for the movement of the rammer, the selector engine, the cartridge belt feed mechanism, and the selector shaft drive device.

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