RU2696949C9 - Universal artillery complex for telescopic cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to artillery mounts. Artillery system is designed for firing special-purpose telescopic cartridge. Complex comprises a barrel installed movably in the breech casing, a breech box with reload channels arranged opposite along the rocking axis of the gun, a cartridge with a rotation mechanism and a gun carriage. Movable shaft consists of drive and guide parts, the latter is striker, which when moving back under action of firing spring, successively produces pressing of sliding gate to cartridge, then pushes them to thrust wall of breech, then barrels the cartridge chamber and then enters the cartridge installed in the cartridge chamber, where the projectile is deposited in the cartridge axial tube, wherein projectile acts on primer installed behind it, and ignites propellant charge cartridge. In the breech frame there are combat sear with electric drives, a cooling system, an anti-roll system, a barrel damper, a barrel balancing mechanism. Chamber is equipped with a rotation mechanism and slider couplings allowing its rotation, as well as longitudinal axial movement. Recharging is performed by method of firing cartridge case with new cartridge at the moment of chamber arrangement along complex rocking axis. Swinging mechanism of the complex is made in the form of a worm gear.

EFFECT: technical result is higher functional universality of complex, possibility of its use as gun, howitzer, mortar, grenade launcher and antiaircraft gun.

36 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to universal means of automatic artillery weapons using a special design telescopic cartridge, allowing the use of one complex as a gun, howitzer, mortar, grenade launcher and anti-aircraft guns, and can find application in the military field as a small weapon, as well as cannon, and / or grenade launcher, and / or howitzer, and / or mortar, and / or anti-aircraft installations, located mainly in inhabited or robotic modules of combat platforms equipped with airborne lektrosnabzheniem, for example, in the tank support machine and / or infantry.

Reducing the protruding length of the breech of the complex allows you to increase the vertical firing sector and useful internal volume.

One of the possible ways to reduce the protruding breech is to use a rotary chamber and a telescopic shot (cartridge) in an artillery installation with a reloading scheme by pushing the telescopic cartridges along the axis of swing of the gun. The breech of the gun, which was significantly reduced in this case, makes it possible to optimize the layout of the artillery system, simplify the ammunition system and store ammunition in the ammunition depot, increase the ammunition load, and clear the powder atmosphere of the warhead’s internal volume.

The use of a rotary chamber in tools in US patents has been known since 1863 (patents US 38772 and US 39232), as well as in more modern patents (patents US 2790353; US 4004363; US 5610362; US 6637310).

The disadvantages of rotary chamber designed for the use of a telescopic cartridge are the lack of a good solution for locking the chamber, obturation of the chamber connection with the barrel, eliminating the breakthrough of the cylindrical telescopic cartridge in a smooth chamber chamber during reloading. The design of a rotating chamber of a rectangular profile needs to be locked on both sides, because its rotation requires gaps between the front and rear thrust walls, the elimination of which requires a complex locking mechanism. When fired in a chamber with ends rounded along the radius of rotation and also rounded thrust walls, the gaps between the thrust walls and the ends of the sleeve require elimination, without this the cartridge sleeve will be stretched and deformed in the axial direction by high pressure, which can lead to rupture of the sleeve in chamber with delayed firing.

The telescopic cylindrical cartridge has been known since the beginning of the 1970s, and, compared with conventional ammunition, its advantage is compactness, and the correct cylindrical shape allows reloading of such ammunition in the chamber of a firing unit rotary or swinging along the swing axis. Moreover, this arrangement of the chamber allows reloading by pushing the spent cartridge case on the chamber with a new cartridge and pushing it through the other end of the chamber, thereby simplifying the mechanisms of reloading and ammunition (patents for telescopic cartridges US 6901866; US 5147978; US 5063852; US 5048423; US 4858533; US 4604954; US 4097801; US 5557059). Additional advantages of telescopic ammunition provide a simplification of the design of the gun and a reduction in the size of the breech due to the shorter length of the ammunition, while the loading mechanism, the chamber and the breech can be shorter than the corresponding design used with conventional cartridges (shots). A short reloading mechanism provides greater flexibility in the design of the gun for installation in combat modules, while the vertical sector of the gun can be increased, in addition, a low profile of the combat module can be provided. A rotating chamber, installed in an airtight breech, ensures the absence of powder gases in the internal volume of the combat module.

The disadvantages of the cartridge schemes cited in the patents are that the authors are held captive by classical technical solutions, use a traditional impact trigger capsule and a trigger mechanism, which complicates the gun and cartridge, and increases their overall dimensions.

The well-known "Automatic machine with a balanced mobile automation system" (RF patent No. 2152580), comprising a receiver, a carriage support, a shutter frame and a balancer rail placed in the receiver, kinematically connected via an asterisk gear installed in the carriage with the possibility of oppositely directed movement, while the carriage is mounted with the possibility of skew due to bevels made on the supporting surfaces of the carriage, and recesses with protrusions in places corresponding to the shutter frame and the balance beam are made front position of the mobile system.

The disadvantages of this sample are the design complexity, while the elements of the weapon and the balancing mechanism are not mounted on the axis of the barrel, which will create a lever, the moment of which will lead to the vertical muzzle of the barrel moving when firing. A significant recoil momentum requires reinforcing the teeth on the sprocket gear and gear racks, increasing its diameter, which will lead to an increase in the barreled height of the weapon and, therefore, an increase in the silhouette of the shooter in the prone position.

It is known "Automatic small arms" (RF patent 2570932), containing an infinite flexible connection in the form of a synchronizer, made in the form of a set-up circuit mounted around the rollers, equipped with a driven protrusion, which provides compensation for collisions of moving parts of the weapon with the possibility of separate synchronized operation of the bolt and piston parts leveling the speed of the piston and bolt frames.

The disadvantage of this mechanism is the complexity of the design of the kinematic connection of the barrel and the bolt, and, due to this, a decrease in the reliability of the weapon and an increase in its weight.

Known mechanisms with a closed (infinite) flexible link for synchronous convergence or divergence of the wings, for example, for sliding doors SYMETRIC (http://door-lux.ru/images/documents/instrukcia-svmetric.pdf) or similar (https: // lipmebel.su/aaaristo-sistema-chetyre-v-odnom) and others, adopted as a prototype of the barrel balancing mechanism, comprising a synchronizer made in the form of a flexible link laid through two motionless mounted guide rollers of the same diameter installed along the edges of the frame for limits of movement distances of two synchronized elements, beyond a closed flexible link made in the form of a caterpillar forms two multidirectional work streams, each element has its own element attached (for example, door leaves) for the purpose of their simultaneous convergence or divergence during forced movement of any of them.

This mechanism was not used for balancing the moving barrel.

The well-known Hino Komuro Ml908 pistol (patent US 886211 dated April 28, 1908), adopted as a prototype of automation, the leading link of which was a movable barrel. The backward movement of the barrel was provided by a return-fighting spring, and forward - by a high pressure of a shot in the barrel, temporarily blocked by a bullet. The drummer was the barrel itself.

The cocking of the pistol was carried out by pulling the barrel to its extreme forward position behind its muzzle end, which was specially equipped with anti-slip cuts. With this pulling the barrel, the cartridge was captured by a special feeder and displayed in line with the axis of the barrel channel. After the shooter released the barrel, he, under the action of a reciprocal-fighting spring, moved back, sent the cartridge to the chamber and stood on the cocking platoon. To fire a shot, you first had to press the fuse lever to unlock the trigger, and then the trigger itself. At the same time, the barrel whispered, which broke from the combat platoon and pushed the cartridge located in the barrel to the rear position to the striker, which was fixed on the frame, on which the cartridge-igniter was pierced. After the shot, under the influence of high pressure in the barrel and friction of the bullet against the grooves of the barrel, the barrel rushed forward, while the sleeve was removed through the upper window in the frame, and the next cartridge was sent. The disconnection occurred due to the rear protrusion of the barrel, which, when moving forward, acted on the rear protrusion of the trigger. Thanks to this arrangement, the gun had a long barrel, which provided an increased aiming range.

And although the principle of impact engagement of the cartridge capsule by sliding the barrel onto it with a subsequent impact on the fixed firing pin makes the weapon simpler, nevertheless, it has an increased recoil momentum, and the design solution of the other pistol components was not worked out for military operation conditions, which manifested itself in reduced gun handling safety due to unreliable fuse and lack of trigger guard.

The well-known "Telescopic cartridge" (patent RU 2346228), adopted as a prototype of a cartridge, containing a cylindrical sleeve in which there is a high density powder charge with an axial channel, and an expelling charge in its rear part with an ignition means. In the axial channel of the powder charge is a fragmentation-beam projectile equipped with a bottom fuse and made in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical head. The front of the sleeve is made with a conical bevel. The cartridge is equipped with a front bottom (protective membrane), which is sealed in a sleeve with the possibility of disconnection with a calibrated force, or the protective membrane is made combustible. The cartridge sleeve consists of a rear part in the form of a metal pallet and a front burning part. The cartridge is made in two ways. The disadvantage of this cartridge is: in the first scheme - the complete absence of the leading device on the projectile, and in the second scheme - the leading device is available, but it is installed closer to the bottom of the projectile and is pressed into the axial channel, designed for the movement of the projectile, formed in the briquette propellant charge density. Due to the lack of a leading belt on the projectile, performed according to the first scheme, sufficient gas obturation in the barrel channel and gyroscopic stabilization of the projectile in flight will not be ensured, which will lead to low firing accuracy. When fired by a projectile made according to the second scheme, ignition of the expelling charge and the pressure of its gases on the bottom of the projectile, greetings to the movement of the projectile in the direction of the barrel inlet, but its leading belt protruding beyond the caliber of the projectile, pressed into the high-density propellant charge, will scrape along the inner surface of the axial channel in the propellant briquette, which will pull the charge briquette to the head of the sleeve with its possible crushing, while the guiding function of the axial channel will be lost, and zhnoe advancing projectile ignition of the propellant charge, at crushing the guide channel causes the formation of local regions of high pressure, especially after storage, which could lead to rejection and skewed axis of the projectile from the barrel at the entrance of the barrel, causing serious consequences. Execution of the membrane in a combustible form from a pyroxylin-cellulose cloth impregnated with trotyl will make the cartridge fire hazardous, while the membrane will burn after the projectile leaves the cartridge, and before that it will need to break through the membrane, while the membrane flaps will be bent along the projectile into the barrel , which will reduce its diameter and may cause a projectile wedge in the barrel. The presence of the leading belt at a great distance from the beginning of the rifling of the barrel will cause a significant acceleration of the projectile and give it greater inertia, which will not allow the projectile to sharply change the translational motion into translational-rotational and follow the rifling. Therefore, when the lead belt enters the threaded part of the barrel, the leading belt may be cut off by the edges of the grooves to the diameter of the caliber part, while gas obturation in the barrel channel and gyroscopic stabilization of the projectile in flight will decrease, which will lead to instability of the firing characteristics. To counter this phenomenon, the hardness of the material of the belt should be increased, but a hard belt will increase friction and reduce the resource of the barrel through the rapid wear of rifling, especially when shooting under heavy conditions. The weapon design for which this cartridge is intended is unknown.

Famous Franco-British automatic 40 mm 40 CTAS gun for telescopic cartridges (http://www.cta-international.com/v2/the-40-ctas/), adopted as a prototype of the complex, in which reloading is carried out by pushing a shot cartridge with a new telescopic cartridge in a rotary chamber, mounted on the axis of swing of the gun, and which is a separate unit, which for reloading stepwise with a step of 90 ° rotates in the same direction around its axis in the horizontal plane. Each new cartridge pushes the previous fired cartridge case after the chamber is rotated around the vertical axis by 90 ° relative to the axis of the barrel, and after replacing the cartridge, the chamber rotates and becomes aligned with the axis of the barrel for firing. The disadvantages of this gun are unknown, because device arrangement and design are not illuminated.

The purpose of the invention is to increase functional versatility, tactical flexibility and combat effectiveness of the complex.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is:

- increasing the versatility of the complex and the use of one artillery system to solve various fire missions;

- the ability to fire on flat and / or mounted trajectories in one turn;

- the availability of multi-channel ammunition with a selective selection of various types of ammunition;

- regulation of the power of the propellant charge of the cartridge;

- the ability to fire in a “flurry of fire” mode due to hitting a single target with a series of shells fired along different trajectories with varying shot angles from shot to shot, starting from the most mounted and ending with the laying ones, which are mated by adjusting the throw angle and the power of the propelling charge, changing the initial speed and, as a result, changing the flight time of the projectile to the target, while all shells of the line fly to the target almost simultaneously, which guarantees an extremely high probability s its defeat;

- the ability to respond to the entire spectrum of threats encountered on the modern battlefield, including in urban environments and mountains, because the compact breech of the complex provides the ability to fire at large angles of elevation of the barrel in order to stop threats in the upper parts of high-rise buildings or against threats with an advantage in height in mountainous areas, using shooting with both flat and mounted trajectories, using selection of projectile types;

- electrical control of the mechanisms of the complex, including rate of fire and length of the line;

- reducing the weight of the complex due to the lack of a receiver and trigger mechanism;

- increasing the rate of fire of the complex due to the provision of parallel operation of mechanisms during firing;

- increased ammunition due to a more organized deployment;

- increase the length of the queue and increase the survivability of the barrel due to the lubrication of the projectile and the use of "soft" leading belts;

- improving the reliability of the shot and the reliability of the design of the complex;

- increasing the survivability of the combat platform due to the reduction of time for hitting a target with shooting in the “barrage of fire” mode, after which a quick change of position is carried out;

- increasing the muzzle velocity of the projectile due to the lubrication of its contact surface in the bore and adding up the speeds of the extension of the barrel and the movement of the projectile in the barrel;

- increasing the stability of the position of the complex before the next shot, which increases the accuracy of fire, the stability of the firing characteristics when firing bursts due to the action of forces during rollback / roll forward along the axis of the barrel;

- reducing the response time of the light structure of the complex to guidance, tracking and firing targets;

- improving the atmosphere in the combat module when firing. The consequence of the invention will be the achievement of the following results:

1. Simplification of the design of the complex.

2. Providing the best conditions for use on shells of polymer leading devices.

3. Facilitation of the complex and reduction of its dimensions.

4. Reducing power consumption for automation by using a spring rotation battery.

5. The optimal placement of the ammunition and its simplified supply to the receiver of the complex.

6. Reliable gas obturation in the borehole of the breech through the compression sleeve of the shutter, sealing the junction of the chamber with the shutter during firing by means of the labyrinth seal of the pressure plate of the shutter and the end of the chamber, as well as sealing the junction of the chamber with the shutter with an elastic-plastic obturation ring of the cartridge.

7. The design of the cartridge will allow:

- as close as possible the input section of the guide part of the barrel, equipped with rifling, to the leading and / or obturating belt of the projectile;

- equip the projectile with a relatively soft polymer lead and / or obturation belt, because there is no acceleration of the projectile and a sharp change in translational motion to translational-rotational, therefore, the transmission of torque to the projectile can be performed by a leading belt of reduced hardness;

- abandon the expensive heat-resistant material for the leading belts due to the short-term interaction of the heated barrel with them and use a less heat-resistant material;

- abandon the expelling charge to feed the projectile into the barrel and use only a low-density propellant charge in the cartridge;

- simplify the cartridge by removing the guide channel from it, leaving the axial tube;

- increase the useful volume for a propellant charge;

- increase the obturation of gases in the barrel, the velocity of the projectile and increase the resource of the barrel through the use of lubrication of the leading devices and the use of polymer leading devices;

- to provide high-quality gas obturation in the junction of the chamber

shutter;

- to ensure the safety of the use of ammunition after prolonged storage, in which a propellant charge can be unilaterally caked, which, when ignited, can create local high-pressure zones that cause a side impact on the projectile;

- fill the projectile compartment of the cartridge with neutral or inert gas, which will prevent the oxidation of grease and elements of the projectile during prolonged storage or use in adverse conditions;

- use special polymer and / or biodegradable materials for the manufacture of shells, or equip a shell with a non-standard payload;

- simplify the manufacturing technology and assembly of the cartridge;

- provide ignition of the charge with cheaper means of ignition;

- place the igniter capsule inside the cartridge;

- use various types of shock-ignition caps - shock, shock, piezoelectric, chemical, electric;

- abandon the trigger mechanism;

- equip cartridges with guided projectiles capable of energetic maneuvering during flight to the target.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the Universal artillery complex for a telescopic cartridge includes a carriage; movable barrel, which is a drummer; muzzle device; barrel casing; breech equipped with reloading channels oppositely mounted on the axis of swing of the gun; cocking system; telescopic cartridge; a chamber with a rotation mechanism installed in the breech; control system, characterized in that the barrel moves in the barrel casing and the bore of the breech and consists of the leading and guide parts; the barrel casing is equipped with at least one of the following elements: a combat sear with a drive, a groove for the movement of the pin of the combat sleeve, a sliding bearing and / or linear movement of the barrel, a partition, and also equipped or not equipped with a recoil system, and / or an air and / or barrel fluid cooling and / or barrel balancing mechanism; the chamber has a length shorter than the length of the cartridge by the size of its head part included in the bowl-shaped recess of the pressure plate; the chamber is equipped with fixing and safety pins installed in a vertical plane, mainly in pairs at its both end edges; the walls of the chamber are equipped or not equipped with at least one opening of the forced ignition system of the propellant charge of the axial cartridge mounted on at least one outer side of the chamber; the chamber is equipped with at least one pair of pins of the limiters of the slip of the cartridge located at both end sections in the side faces of the chamber; the chamber is equipped or not equipped with a balancing mechanism containing a counter-rotation disk; the chamber is equipped with at least one slider located longitudinally in a vertical plane in the central part of its outer surface, and the slider is installed in the return groove of the coupling half equal to the length of the slider and forming together the slide coupling installed in the recess of the upper and / or lower plate of the breech moreover, this recess is equipped with a groove directed to the persistent wall of the breech, designed to extend the slider along it, which in the free position is held in the coupling by the return spring of the chamber, when the groove half-coupling is connected to the shaft of rotation of the chamber; the breech contains a barrel channel connected to the thrust wall by means of upper and lower power plates equipped with recesses for slide couplings and holes for the shaft of rotation of the chamber; equipped with at least one recess for the wedge and grooves for installing return bolts and chamber springs; the breech channel is closed in front with a box, and behind with a sliding wedge lock, the breech is equipped or not equipped with hollow pins; the breech bore channel is equipped or not equipped with a gas outlet channel that controls the pressure of the shot valve and its actuator; the shutter comprises a compression sleeve, a skeleton equipped with a pressure plate, which is equipped with a contact surface for the wedges at the front, and the rear pressure surface of the plate is equipped with a cup-shaped recess in the shape of the head of the cartridge, at least one spring wall, at least one hole for installing the rod a wedge equipped with an oblique valve with a valve disc and connected to the wedge; the shutter is made sliding along the axis of the barrel to lock the chamber in front and is equipped with a through channel for the passage of the guide part of the barrel; the shutter wedge is equipped with a latch to hold the shutter in the locked position, and also interacts with the ejection rod pushing it out of the breech recess to transfer the shutter to the firing position; the carriage contains hollow cylindrical trunnions equipped with inlet and extraction channels and connected by brackets with elements of the combat module, on which hollow trunnions of the cradle or, in its absence, hollow trunnions of the breech are planted; the rocking mechanism of the gun contains a worm gear, in which breech pins or cradles equipped with a worm wheel interact with a worm mounted on a carriage bracket; the complex is equipped or not equipped with a cradle and / or barrel amortization system and / or firing unit amortization; the telescopic cartridge contains a cylindrical sleeve, the head of which is equipped with a conical slope and a protective membrane, a bottom cover, a projectile installed in the axial channel, a propelling charge, a capsule; the axial channel is made in the form of an axial pipe mounted inside the sleeve along its entire length in which the projectile is installed; the pipe is equipped with technological extensions, contractions, the bottom end is equipped with a flange; the projection section and the axial pipe flange are equipped with perforations; volumetric filler is installed or not installed in the projection space; the igniter capsule is installed in the projection space and / or in the central sleeve of the bottom cover; the protective membrane is made protruding inward of the axial tube and is for it a front seat; the sleeve is equipped with at least one flute installed in the bottom and / or head of the sleeve, while an elastic-plastic obturation ring is installed in the flute in the head, and the flute in the bottom is retaining; the walls of the bottom cover are folded on the locking flute together with the flange of the axial pipe; the bottom cover of the sleeve is equipped or not equipped with a central sleeve;

the barrel fluid cooling system is filled with coolant and / or working fluid, installed in a barrel casing equipped with two axle boxes, between which there is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, the rod of which is a barrel equipped with a piston sleeve, variable volumes of the hydraulic cylinder are connected by channels equipped with at least one non-return and / or shut-off valve, cooling fins, while the cooling system is functionally combined or not combined with the recoil system of the barrel, and the internal the surface of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with one or, mainly, two opposite tapering inner surfaces, the narrowings of which are directed away from the center of the hydraulic cylinder, while the inner diameter of the narrowest parts of the narrowing of the surface of the hydraulic cylinder is made larger than the diameter of the piston sleeve; the barrel balancing mechanism contains at least one synchronizer, made in the form of a closed flexible link, laid through two guide rollers of the same diameter, installed outside the movement distances of two synchronized elements, and forming between the rollers two multidirectional working flows of the flexible link, to one of of which a balancing weight is attached, and to another a balancing sleeve, while the leading element is the balancing sleeve of the barrel, and the driven element is the balancing the load, installed mainly sliding on the trunk; balancing weight and / or guide rollers are installed in / on the barrel casing; wheels and / or pulleys and / or drums and / or sprockets are used as guide rollers in the balancing mechanism; as a flexible link in the balancing mechanism are used: belts; and / or steel and / or plastic tapes; and / or, mainly, lamellar and / or stacked and / or roller chains; and / or cables; and / or ropes; and / or monofilament; at least one plate of the damping spring is equipped with at least one hole, mainly round, and / or oval, and / or triangular, and / or trapezoidal, and / or rectangular; the chamber rotation rotation balancing mechanism comprises a counter-rotation balancing disk with a mechanism for transmitting rotation from the chamber to the disk in the form of three interacting bevel gears, one of which is gear, the other is mounted on the balancing disk, the third is on the chamber shaft of rotation; the leading part of the barrel is equipped or not equipped with a combat and / or balancer and / or washer and / or piston bushings; the device for cocking the barrel and / or charging the spring battery contains at least one gas engine in which at least one igniter is installed, an expansion chamber, at least one cylinder with a spring-loaded piston and a rod for the drive of movable cocking mechanisms; the propellant propellant ignition system comprises at least one unit located on the lateral outer surface of the chamber, with at least one squib cartridge installed in the block, with each squib section in the block being connected by a channel to the chamber inner volume; the breech bore channel is equipped with at least one control valve and a gas outlet channel; the movable plate of the shutter and / or the persistent wall of the breech are equipped with recesses for insertion of the locking-safety pins of the chamber into them; the barrel casing and / or breech is equipped with persistent consoles and / or surfaces for stopping anti-recoil devices and / or damping springs in them to absorb the recoil of the firing unit; the persistent wall of the breech is equipped with an electrical contact device; the muzzle device is made in the form of a muzzle brake, and / or a compensator, and / or a localizer, and / or a rollback amplifier; the combat and / or depreciation spring is made with a progressively increasing force of compression and / or decompression; the inner cylindrical and / or conical surface of the cup-shaped recess of the shutter pressure plate is equipped around the circumference with parallel and / or concentric grooves that act as a labyrinth seal; the extraction channel of the carriage trunnions is equipped with extraction rotating rollers to remove the sleeve from the breech; at least one chamber rotation mechanism, which is a spring accumulator of mechanical energy, charged from the pressure of the shot and / or the stop against the drive rod barrier when the recoil of the firing unit is amortized, comprising a drive rod, a spring acting on the gear rack, which interacts with the drive rod a gear equipped with a freewheel, which, in turn, depending on the direction of movement, either creates a constant force on the shaft of rotation of the chamber and rotates it when released when the cross is turned around by rotation limiters, or it allows the gear to rotate freely on the shaft when charging the battery spring, while the mechanism of stepwise rotation of the chamber is made in the form of a cross, each shoulder of which is equipped with alternating height protrusions interacting with alternately turning rotation limiters; the chamber rotation mechanism is equipped with a counter-release latch; the complex is made in a simplified version and contains an incomplete volume of elements, or groups, or systems; the sleeve and / or axial tube are made of metal and / or plastic and / or ceramic or composite; the shell is equipped with at least one lead and / or obturation belt; the fixation of the projectile in the axial tube is carried out on its girdle and / or inter-girdle and / or girdle sections by compressing it with an axial tube and / or gluing and / or welding to the axial tube; the central sleeve of the bottom of the sleeve is provided with a shock and / or electrical engagement capsule, with external and / or internal impact on the capsule; the locking flute is made in the form of a semicircular and / or triangular annular recess on the outer surface of the liner, which serves as a stop for the pin of the latch of the cartridge slip; the obturator ring is made of silicone rubber; the projectile is equipped with an annular groove, at least in front of and / or under one leading and / or obturating belt, which is filled with lubricant, and / or lubricant is contained in the interbelt part of the projectile; the inner walls of the shell compartment of the axial tube are coated with an antifriction compound and / or lubricant; the shell compartment of the axial tube is sealed, filled with an inert and / or neutral gas and closed with a protective and / or sealing membrane; the protective membrane is equipped with radial cuts that weaken its strength along these sections, along which it breaks with a calibrated force when the guide part of the barrel is inserted into the cartridge, while the flaps of the membrane are folded inside the pipe and remain outside the guide section of the barrel; the propellant igniter is made in the form of a grater, and / or friction, and / or shock, and / or electric, and / or chemical, and / or galvanic shock igniter, and / or a piezoelectric capsule; made balanced by weight relative to the center of rotation of the chamber; the projectile fuse is equipped with a command input device through a conductor connecting it to a contact mounted in the bottom sleeve of the sleeve; the fragmentation projectile and / or mine projectile are equipped with a stabilizer for firing along hinged trajectories, while the feathers of the stabilizer of the mine projectile are made in over-, or under-, or in gauge form and are directed in parallel and / or perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, and / or in the direction of the rifling of the barrel, and / or in the opposite direction of the rifling side.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict a schematic structural diagram of the Universal artillery complex for a telescopic cartridge with a movable barrel.

FIG. 1. The barrel group of the complex, a longitudinal section in a vertical plane.

FIG. 2. The breech of the complex, the chamber in the reloading position, a fragment of a longitudinal section in a vertical plane.

FIG. 3. The breech of the complex, the chamber in a firing position, a fragment of a longitudinal section in a vertical plane.

FIG. 4. The breech of the complex, the chamber in the reloading position, a fragment of a longitudinal section in the horizontal plane.

FIG. 5. The breech of the complex, installed without a cradle, the operation of the slider coupling in the process of shearing the chamber and fixing the shutter, a fragment of a longitudinal section in the horizontal plane.

FIG. 6. The breech of the complex, the work of the barrel when the projectile is upset, a fragment of a longitudinal section in the horizontal plane.

FIG. 7. Shutter: I - longitudinal horizontal section, II - transverse vertical

incision.

FIG. 8. The rotation mechanism with a spring accumulator of mechanical energy.

FIG. 9. The crosspiece of the chamber rotation mechanism.

FIG. 10. Cocking mechanism.

FIG. 11. A cartridge with an impact igniter capsule and a command channel for trajectory detonation of a projectile and with a fragment of a pushed bowl.

FIG. 12. A cartridge with a mortar shell and a friction (grater) igniter capsule and a command channel for trajectory detonation with a fragment of a pushed bowl.

The terminology adopted in the invention

Direction “forward” - movement directed from the official section of the complex to the muzzle section (in the direction of the projectile in the barrel).

The direction "back" is the movement directed from the muzzle to the breech section of the complex.

Direction “top” - direction upward relative to a normally located drawing.

Direction "down" - a direction downward relative to a normally located drawing.

The complex in its composition contains the following nodes and mechanisms: The receiver group; Mechanisms for balancing automation; Cooling system and recoil; Breech group; Gate; Chamber; Chamber rotation mechanism; System of compulsory ignition of the axial cartridge; Carriage; Cradle Swing mechanism; Cocking mechanism; Telescopic cartridge; Management system.

1. The stem group

The receiver group contains a barrel casing 3 (Fig. 1), in which are installed: a barrel consisting of a leading 2 and a guide 46 (Fig. 2) parts, on the leading part of the barrel 2 are fixed bushings: balancer 8, combat 13, washer 19 and piston 22.

A sliding washer 16 is slidably mounted between the combat 13 and the washer 19 bushings. On the barrel, in the barrel casing 3, between the baffle 36 and the fighting sleeve 13, a combat spring 12 is installed with an emphasis on both sides. Between the fighting sleeve 13 and the sliding washer 16, also with adjustable compression and emphasis on both sides of the installed shock absorber spring 15, mainly of a disk type. The barrel 2, 46 is movably mounted in the inner channel of the barrel casing 3: in the front in the sliding bearing or linear displacement 1, and in the middle part and behind in the axle boxes 27, 33. The muzzle of the barrel 2 is equipped with a muzzle device, for example, a muzzle brake, a localizer, compensator, recoil amplifier, or in any combination of the listed devices (not shown), or does not contain a muzzle device.

The combat sleeve 13 is equipped with slide pins 14, moving along the notches 35, equipped in the barrel casing 3, which keep the barrel 2, 46 from turning when fired.

The guide portion of the barrel 46 is intended for:

1) initiation of the capsule for ignition of the propellant charge 124 by deposition of the projectile 127, 167 in the cartridge;

2) the orientation of the projectile 127, 167 (Fig. 6, 11, 12) and its direction into the bore when the propellant charge 124 of the cartridge is ignited.

The guide portion of the barrel 46 has relatively thin walls, as the pressure acting on it from the outside and from the inside is almost the same. The barrel 2, 46, when moving backward, performs the function of a hammer, which, through the deposition of the projectile 127, 167, initiates the igniter capsule 120, 176 (Fig. 6, 11, 12) installed in the projectile space of the cartridge. The rear cut of the guide portion of the barrel 46 moves the projectile 127, 167 back, which acts on the rod 122 of the striker of the igniter 120, 176 and initiates the propellant charge 124 of the cartridge.

The barrel 2, 46 is made movable, and in order to amortize recoil forces, it is equipped with a shock spring 15, while it is made with a stiffness exceeding the stiffness of the mainspring 12, which, in addition to the upsetting of the projectile 127, 167 in the cartridge, also carries out shock absorption. The recoil energy during the shot is reduced due to the deformation (plates, and / or rings, and / or turns) of the depreciation springs 15 (Fig. 1), 69, 87 (Fig. 2). The rollback is softened by transmitting the recoil impulse of the barrel and / or the firing unit from the sear 18 to the barrel casing 3, and then to the breech 47 and the combat module case.

The stroke of the barrel 2, 46 in the barrel casing 3 is limited by partitions 34, 36, against which the combat sleeve 13 and the recoil washer 16 rest, as well as recoil devices 69 and / or the sleeve 22 in the hydraulic cylinder 23, the latter device can be combined with the barrel cooling system.

To the barrel casing 3 in its rear part is attached breech 47 (Fig. 2-6).

To protect the axle box 27 (Fig. 1) from hot gases during firing, a heat-reflecting washer is installed in front of it, and the axle box is equipped with at least one compression device, for example, a compression ring (not shown) in which the leading part of the barrel 2 moves .

During one shot cycle, the barrel makes either two forward / backward movements (in the absence of a damping spring 15) or four forward / backward movements (in the presence of a damping spring 15). These barrel movements cause vibrations of the firing unit. In addition, the intermittent rotation of the chamber also creates vibrations during stops and starts of rotation. Therefore, to reduce vibrations, the complex provides mechanisms for balancing the barrel and the chamber.

The receiver group works as follows.

When the shutter button is pressed, voltage is applied to the electric drive 17 (Fig. 1), while the sear 18 is retracted and the barrel 2, 46 is released, which carries out the combat move backward (along arrow “b”) under the action of the fighting spring 12. Trunk 2, 46 moving backwards, pierces the protective membrane 158 (Fig. 11, 12) of the cartridge and enters the axial tube 161, where it hits the host device 125, 177 of the projectile 127, 167 and pushes the projectile back, which strikes the striker 122 and, thereby, initiates an igniter capsule 120, 177, which ignites the propellant charge of 124 rounds. Expanding propellant gases push the projectile 127, 167 into the channel of the guide part of the barrel 46, and when the projectile 127, 167 moves along the barrel 2, 46, friction forces and high pressure in the chamber 63 and the barrel 2, 46 push the barrel 2, 46 forward (in the direction of the arrow " a ”), compressing the war spring 12. When the projectile 127, 167 moves forward in the barrel 2, 46 also moving forward, their speeds are added up, which allows the projectile to achieve an increase in muzzle velocity.

After crossing the sliding washer 16 the line whispered 18, the electric actuator 17 is turned off and the springs extend the sear 18 to the firing position so that when extending along the arrow “a” under the action of friction forces of the projectile in the barrel, extend the barrel 2, 46 forward to fix the sliding washer 16 , not allowing her to move back to ensure subsequent shock absorption of the recoil of the 2.46 barrel after the departure of the projectile.

After the projectile 127, 167 leaves the barrel 2, the reaction force of the shot pushes the barrel 2, 46 backward (in the direction of arrow “b”), but the retracted whispers 18 resist the backward movement of the washer 16, which keeps the recoil washer 16 from moving backwards, therefore, barrel 2, through combat sleeve 13, begins to compress the shock absorber spring 15 and the guide part of the barrel 46 is included in the empty axial tube 161 of the cartridge installed in the chamber 63 (Fig. 6). After the recoil momentum has been used up, the shock-absorbing spring 15 pushes the barrel 2, 46 forward (in the direction of arrow “a”), while the mainspring 12 acts as a rolling spring and, absorbing the rolling spring, stops the barrel 2, 46 in the fighting position, because the stiffness of the shock spring 15 is higher than the stiffness of the mainspring 12.

After the barrel 46 comes out of the chamber 63 and the shutter 48 is put into a combat position by means of a return spring 51, the chamber 63 also becomes into a combat position by means of a return spring 62, the rotation mechanism rotates the chamber 63 90 ° clockwise (Fig. 4-6) and orientates it along the axis of swing of the complex "BB" for recharging. The cartridge 99, entering the chamber 63 pushes the empty sleeve 107 onto the extraction rollers 113, which remove it outside the complex. After reloading, the chamber 63 is rotated an additional 90 ° clockwise to put it in a combat position. The speed of movement of the barrel 2, 46 is regulated by the hydraulic resistance of the piston sleeve 22 in the hydraulic cylinder 23 of the recoil / cooling system, as well as by the mechanical resistance in the axle boxes 27, 33 and the linear bearing 1. Placing the spring 15 in the barrel casing 3 around the movable barrel 2, 46 and its implementation in the form of a package of plates, as well as the use of a combat spring 12 as a rolling spring, reduces the impact of the barrel 2, 46 of the complex both when rolling back and when rolling, which improves operational characteristics Complex tics and reduces its weight and overall dimensions.

2. Mechanisms for balancing automation

The complex contains two mechanisms for balancing automation with divided masses, which are designed to compensate for pulses:

1) barrel 2, 46 (Fig. 1) during axial movements, the basis of which is the barrel balancing mechanism, equipped with balancing weight 4, which moves in antiphase synchronously with the barrel;

2) the chamber 63 (Fig. 2) during rotation, the basis of which is the counter-rotation balancing disk 54, synchronously rotating in antiphase to the direction of rotation of the chamber 63.

The barrel balancing mechanism contains at least one synchronizer, made in the form of a closed flexible link, laid through two guide rollers 11, 40 of the same diameter, fixedly installed outside the movement distances of two synchronized elements 4, 8. The synchronizer forms between the rollers 11, 40 in two multidirectional work streams 9, 11 of the flexible link, and each element has its own element attached - balancing sleeve 8 or balancing weight 4 - with the aim of their simultaneous convergence or divergence. The leading element of the synchronizer is the balancing sleeve 8 of the barrel 2, 46, and the driven element of the mechanism is a balancing weight 4, installed mainly sliding, or on the bearing 7 sliding or linear movement on the barrel 2, while the balancing weight 4 and / or guide rollers 11 , 40 are installed in / on the barrel casing 3.

The barrel balancing mechanism is installed in the barrel casing 3 (Fig. 1), which, in the area of the barrel balancing mechanism, is made mainly of rectangular (square) cross-section with rounded corners, while the barrel casing can be made round and / or diamond-shaped in other sections , and / or rectangular cross section. The barrel balancing mechanism consists of at least two rollers 11, 40 through which a flexible link with flows 9, 10 is thrown, while flow 10 is fixed to the balancing weight 4 in its channel 6, for example, by means of bolts 5, and flow 9 mounted on the bracket 38 of the balancing sleeve 8 with a bolt 37, while the flow 9 of the flexible link freely passes through the channel 39 of the balancing weight 4.

The balancing sleeve 8 and the balancing weight 4 do not reach in their extreme positions the walls of the barrel casing 3 and do not collide with each other when approaching, because this is prevented by limiting the barrel 2, 46 forward / backward by the recoil system and / or other elements of the complex. To absorb jerks of the flexible link during operation of the mechanism, dampers are installed, for example, in the form of spring depreciation of the roller blocks 11, 40. The leading element (link) of the barrel balancing mechanism 2, 46 is its balancing sleeve 8, and the driven one is the balancing load 4.

Compensation of the impulse of the barrel is provided by the reciprocating movement of the barrel 2, 46 under the action of the automation of the complex, and the balancing load 4, moving in antiphase to the movement of the barrel.

The location of the balancing mechanism in the closed receiver casing 3 will protect its slip pairs from damage, dirt, etc., which will increase the reliability of its operation in adverse conditions.

With all movements of the barrel 2, 46 and the balancing load 4, the threads 9, 10 of the flexible link of the balancing mechanism remain tensioned. The flow tension is adjusted when the barrel 2 and the balancing weight 4 are fixed by moving the rollers 11 and / or 40. The hydraulic resistance to the movement of the piston sleeve 22 when pumping the coolant in the hydraulic cylinder 23 of the liquid cooling / recoil system will also contribute to the reduction of the pulse and the extension of its action in time. .

The following are used as a flexible link in the balancing mechanism: endless belts of any type; and / or steel and / or plastic tapes; and / or, mainly, lamellar and / or stacked and / or roller chains; and / or cables; and / or ropes; and / or monofilament.

As rollers in the mechanism, wheels and / or pulleys and / or drums and / or sprockets are used.

The reason for the low accuracy of fire can be the unbalance of the chamber 63 (Fig. 2), in which the rotation of unbalanced masses (for example, in the cartridge) and jerks from the stops of the chamber 63 when the combat position is changed to the reloading position and vice versa, cause fluctuations from the action of unbalanced centrifugal forces. To balance these forces, a rotating balancing disk 54 is used, mounted on the upper plate 53 of breech 47, the mass of which is mainly equal to the reduced mass of the rotating units and parts: chamber 63, cartridge 99 (Fig. 4, 6), shafts 57, 79, gears 55, slide couplings 61, blocks 72 with pyro-cartridges 71 of the forced ignition system, etc.

The balanced rotation of the chamber 63 and the movement of the barrel 2, 46 strictly along the axis of action of the recoil forces, can reduce the impact on the complex of such negative factors as the change in its center of gravity when moving moving parts, and the impact of collisions of the moving parts with each other, which reduces the total mass complex and improve its stability when firing.

The barrel balancing mechanism works as follows.

The threads 9, 10 of the flexible link during operation of the mechanism always remain stretched. When moving the barrel 2, 46, back along the arrow "b" (under the action of the mainspring 12 or recoil), the bracket 38 of the balancing sleeve 8, from its rear side pulls the flow 9 of the flexible link, clamped in it by a bolt 37 and thrown through the roller 40, which by the flow 10, clamped in the channel 6 by bolts 5, pulls the balancing weight 4 forward, and from the front, the bracket 38 releases the flows 9, 10 of the flexible link thrown over the roller 11, so the load 4 moves forward (in the direction of “a”), this occurs a synchronous divergence of the balancing sleeve 8 of the barrel 2, 46 and load 4.

Subsequent movement of the barrel 2 forward along the arrow “a” (under the influence of the propellant gas pressure or depreciation spring 15) will cause a similar forward movement of the balancing sleeve 8, which pulls the flow 9 forward, while flow 10 pulls the balancing weight 4 back, thereby synchronously converging balancing sleeve 8 of the barrel 2, 46 and balancing weight 4.

Changes in the direction of movement of the barrel 2, 46 cause the balancing load 4 to move in antiphase with the same impulses, which are mutually compensated, without creating vibrations of the firing unit from impacts on the limiting elements, including because the location of the mechanism is somewhat larger than the stroke of the balancing sleeve 8 and balancing weight 4.

The barrel balancing mechanism works as follows.

The rotation is transmitted from the chamber 63 to the balancing disk 54 by means of an intermediate bevel gear 58 installed between the bevel gears 55 with which the rotation shaft 59 of the chamber 63 and the balancing disk 54 are equipped. The gear 58 allows you to consistently change the rotation of the balancing disk 54 in the direction opposite to the rotation of the chamber 63 .

3. Cooling systems and recoil

To reduce thermal loads on the barrel 2, 46 during firing and during recoil damping, the complex is equipped with a closed liquid and / or air barrel cooling system, and the liquid cooling system can be combined with a recoil system.

The cooling channels 24, 31 (Fig. 1) are equipped with transverse and / or longitudinal cooling fins 28, through which the cooling fluid of the cooling system transfers heat to the surrounding air during firing. To eliminate stagnant volumes during the reciprocating movement of the piston sleeve 22, the channels are equipped with check valves 21, 29, which allows the circulation of fluid through different channels with multidirectional movement of the piston sleeve 22.

And since the cooling system is combined with a recoil system, then to increase the braking effect of the rollback / rollback, the hydraulic cylinder 23 of the cooling system is equipped with tapered surfaces from the inside - for rollback 30 and roll 32, creating a gradually decreasing gap between them and the edges of the piston sleeve 22 when the barrel 2 moves forward / backward moreover, the constrictions are directed away from the center of the hydraulic cylinder 23, while the inner diameter of the narrowest parts of the constrictions 30, 32 of the surface of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is made larger than the diameter of the piston sleeve 22.

Hydrochannel 24 is equipped with a shut-off valve 25 to eliminate the possibility of fluid flow from the piston volume of the hydraulic cylinder 23 to the cooling channel 24 when the recoil of the barrel 2 is amortized, and the channel 31 in this case is blocked by the check valve 29, while the fluid from the piston volume locked by the valves 25, 29 the movement of the piston sleeve 22 backward (in the direction of arrow “b”) during rollback, it will pass into the pre-piston volume through a decreasing gap between the edges of the piston sleeve 22 and the conical surface 30 with increasing friction, creating throttles the first effect, which increases as the piston sleeve 22 moves backward, converting the mechanical energy of friction into heat, and the damping of the shock load on the breech 47 during recoil will stretch in time. As a result, the rollback speed of the barrel 2, 46 gradually decreases to a complete stop.

The transverse profile of the piston sleeve 22 is rounded, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the narrowing of the brake damper surfaces 30, 32.

Lubrication of seals and / or glands of axleboxes 27, 33 of the cooling system is done by adding lubricating components to the coolant.

The complex can be equipped with air-cooled barrel, which is made in the form of holes or perforations of the barrel casing 3, mainly in the area between the partitions 34, 36, in order to drive the air with a sliding washer 16, and / or the combat sleeve 13, and / or springs 12, 15 along the internal channel of the barrel casing 3 for cooling the barrel 2 when moving it during firing.

For better cooling of the barrel portion 2 on which the shock spring 15 is installed, at least one of its plates is equipped with at least one hole, mainly round, and / or oval, and / or triangular, and / or trapezoidal , and / or rectangular shape, which will allow for compression and extension of the disk spring 15 to displace hot air from a closed space formed by adjacent plates connected by outer edges, followed by filling this space with a cold atmospheric air when stretching the spring.

Heat resistance and survivability of the barrel 2, 46 also provide lubrication 171 of the host device 125, 177 (Fig. 11, 12) of the projectile 127, 167, as well as the implementation of the leading 125 and obturating 177 belts of polymer.

With an increase in the caliber of the complex, depreciation of only one table may not be enough, therefore it is possible to apply depreciation of the firing unit, the return of which is also transmitted to the body of the combat module. Depreciation of the firing unit can be carried out either by equipping the barrel casing with 3 brackets 88 (Fig. 2), in which the damping springs 87 abut against the front end and abutting against the warhead housing with the rear end, or by installing damping springs 69 between the breech plate 47 and the transverse beam 68 cradles 102 (Fig. 4, 5, 6). Together with shock absorbing springs 69, 87, recoil devices 106 can be installed.

The shock absorption of the recoil momentum of the firing unit is transmitted to the hollow trunnions 100, on the cradle 102, which transmit the momentum to the hollow trunnions 96, 111 carriage, and then, through the brackets 95 carriage, on the combat module.

In order to dissipate the excess energy of moving parts and stabilize the operation of the automatics at a high rate of fire, as well as to reduce shocks from impacts of automatics that increase dispersion when firing in bursts, it is advisable to use buffers of extreme positions and / or to install springs with different forces pressed on different damping areas, or apply springs with a progressively increasing force, preloaded, equipped with damper gaskets.

The barrel casing 3 is connected with the barrel channel 26 of the breech 47.

The cooling system / recoil works as follows.

With all movements of the barrel 2, 46, except rollback, the shut-off valve 25 is open. When the barrel 2, 46 moves backward (in the direction of arrow “b”), the piston sleeve 22 drives liquid through the open check valve 25 along the upper channel 24, because the lower channel 31 is blocked by a check valve 29. When the barrel moves forward (along the arrow "a"), the fluid moves along the lower channel 31, because upper check valve 21 is closed. After the projectile is shot and taken out of the barrel 2, the control system by means of an electric actuator retracts the shutoff valve 25 and closes the upper channel 24, and the lower channel 31 is closed by the check valve 29, so the liquid in the piston volume of the hydraulic cylinder 23 will be locked, and the movement of the piston sleeve 22 back under the action recoil forces will cause pressure on the fluid in this volume, which will flow into the pre-piston volume through a decreasing gap between the piston sleeve 22 and the tapering walls of the cylinder 30, which will increase the flow friction liquid, while the recoil momentum will be converted into heat and reduced.

In a similar way, the barrel will be braked, while the movement of the piston sleeve 22 and, accordingly, the barrel 2, 46 will be braked by friction of the fluid when rolling between the tapering surface 32 and the sleeve 22.

The heat from the work of braking the pullback / rollback, as well as from the barrel heating during firing, will be given to the cooling fins 28 and further to the atmosphere through the system’s working fluid. The reciprocating motion of the barrel will provide an increase in the cooled length of the barrel section, as well as active mixing of the liquid with better heat removal from the barrel.

4. The breech

The breech 47 (Fig. 2-6) is made in the form of a hollow inside the body, which is equipped with: a barrel channel 26, inside which a barrel 2, 46 and a shutter 48 are located in the volume 43. The breech 47 is connected by an upper 53 and lower 81 force plates with a thrust wall 66. The power plates 53, 81 are equipped with holes for the shafts of rotation 57, 79 of the chamber 63. Two bores are equipped inside the breech 47: a charger 97 for inserting a cartridge, and extraction 112 for withdrawing spent cartridges. When performing the complex for small caliber, the breech is not equipped with a cradle and is equipped with pins 126 (Fig. 6), into which pins 96, 111 of the gun carriage 95 are inserted.

When equipping the firing unit of the complex with shock-absorbing devices 104, the side surfaces 109 of the breech 47 and 103 of the cradle 102 are equipped with slip pairs.

The breech 47 is equipped with two return leaf springs - the shutter 51 and the chamber 62 (Fig. 4) installed in the grooves 94, 108, as well as recesses 92 for wedges 115,133.

The thrust wall 66 (Fig. 3) of the breech 47 (as well as the shutter pressure plate 48) are equipped with recesses 49, 65 for the fixing pins 60 of the chamber 63 to enter them. For firing shells with trajectory detonation, the thrust wall 66 is equipped with a contact 70 for transmission programs for fuse projectile 127, 167, and / or for the electrical initiation of the propellant charge 124.

The barrel channel 26 (Fig. 2) of the breech 47 can be equipped with gas channels 42 for supplying gases to the gear rack motor 52 of the spring accumulator of mechanical energy, and 86 for installing the control valve 85.

The control valve 85 (Fig. 2) is designed for a controlled reduction of propellant gas pressure in a closed barrel-barrel receiver-cartridge chamber firing system during firing in order to adjust the projectile range without changing the elevation angle of the barrel or the propellant charge, which will allow matching trajectories when firing with a “flurry of fire” method or using ammunition with different projectile weight and / or different propellant charge in the same turn, in which several sequentially fired on different trajectories of projectiles simultaneously hit one target. The firing range is adjusted by relieving part of the propellant gas pressure through the gas outlet channel 86 when firing by hinged paths, which will reduce the muzzle velocity of the projectile, and, accordingly, the firing range, as well as reduce the recoil pulse power.

The control valve 85 is controlled by a fire control system using, for example, an electromechanical drive made, for example, in the form of an actuator and / or a hollow shaft stepper motor equipped with a nut, while the valve stem is equipped with a screw thread and together with the hollow shaft nut form a screw pair . In the valve 85, the sealing surfaces of the valve plate are adjacent to the seat according to the “metal to metal” principle.

Due to the speed of the firing process, it is advisable to perform the electromechanical valve drive 85 in the form of a step-type electric drive, which can carry out regulation without feedback. When using strain gauges installed mainly in the space 43 of the barrel channel 26, and providing feedback, it is possible to realize the most accurate control of the shot pressure.

If it is necessary to reduce the muzzle velocity of the projectile, the control valve 85 is pre-set to a certain gap before the shot when there is no gas pressure, with the aim of the subsequent controlled dosed release of excess pressure. Closing the valve 85 is facilitated by the high pressure in the space of the channel 43, acting on its plate from the inside of the channel 43, helping the actuator to quickly shut off the channel 86, which occurs after the portion of the overpressure is relieved in time and / or to a certain pressure value already during the shot.

The compression sleeve 127 of the shutter 48 is slidably mounted in the inner space 43 of the barrel channel 26 of the breech 47.

5. Shutter

The shutter is designed to lock the chamber 63 in front and fix it when setting in the firing position (i.e., when fired). It contains a movable skeleton 48 (Fig. 7-1, II) connected to a movable compression sleeve 127, hermetically installed in the barrel channel 26 of the breech 47.

The shutter has two positions:

1) combat, in which it is in the forward position with the slides latches 84 extended inward - into the channel 130 and 48 wedges recessed into the bolt skeleton 48; 115;

2) fire, in which the shutter is in the rear position and its pressure plate 82 is pressed against the front end of the chamber 63, the slanting valves 131 are recessed into the holes 118, and the wedges 133 lock the shutter.

The skeleton of the shutter 48 contains at least one stop 50 for the return spring 51 (to reduce the dimensions of the plate), as well as cutouts 136 for installing at least one wedge 115, 133. The back side of the skeleton of the shutter 48 is made in the form of a clamp plate 82, equipped with a cup-shaped recess 83 (hereinafter, the "bowl"), designed to enter the head of the cartridge, and recesses 49, for the entry of the fixing pins 60 of the chamber 63.

The sliding compression sleeve 127 and the shutter body 48 are equipped with an axial channel 130 for passing along the guide portion of the barrel 46.

The skeleton 48 is equipped with at least one hole 118 perpendicular to the O-O axis, in which the stems 117 are installed, equipped with valve plates 114 and oblique gate valves 84, 131. When firing the plate 114 with propellant gas pressure in space 43 , is pressed against the seat of the valve 134 and closes the channel 118. The oblique valves 84, 131 have a bevel angle, i.e. the inclination of their working surfaces to the axis "O-O", mainly not more than 45 °. The shutter 48 (Fig. 6) extends into the firing position by acting as a breech cut of the barrel 46, moving backward (along the arrow “b”, Fig. 1) during the descent, on the oblique latches 84, 131, which are extended inward of the shutter body 48 and can only be recessed into openings 118 when the skeleton 48 reaches its extreme rear position, i.e. when the wedges 118, 133 will fit under the holes 92 (Figs. 4, 5, 6) equipped in the upper 53 (Figs. 2, 3) and the lower 81 plates of the breech 47. Thus, it is possible to push the breech section of the guide section of the barrel 46 into the openings 118, slanting valves 84, 131 and associated wedges 115, 133 into the openings 92, thereby locking in the firing position of the shutter 48, which fixes the chamber 63 with the cartridge 99 between the front pressure plate 82 and the rear retaining wall 66.

The front side 137 of the pressure plate 82 is a stop for the wedges 115, 133, and is equipped with slots 129 for moving spring-loaded ejector rods 93, 132 thereon, acting on the wedges 115, 133, when the shutter 48 moves after releasing the wedges 115,133 from being retained by the latches 135.

The lateral side of the wedges 115, 133 is equipped with a recess 116 for holding it with the latch 135 in the firing position. At the same time, the latch 135 is equipped with an electromagnetic drive that allows it to retract when the drive is turned on or released when the drive is turned off by a signal from the control system.

The protrusions 50 of the skeleton of the shutter 48, in which the return leaf springs 51 abut, are designed to advance the shutter forward to the firing position after it is held in the firing position by wedges 115, 133, which is possible only after the guide section of the barrel 46 leaves the inner channel 130 of the movable compression sleeve 127, after which the latches 135 release the wedges 115, 133 from fixing, and the shutter wedges interact with the ejector rods 93, 132, pushing them from the recesses 92 in order to transfer the shutter 48 to the combat position nod wedges 115, 133 in the recesses 137 shutter 48, which frees the bolt 48 from the retaining and it under the action of the return spring 51 acting on the protrusion 50 retract into the barrel passage 26 and breech 47 snaps into firing position.

The inner cylindrical surface of the bowl 83, going onto the cylindrical surface of the head of the cartridge and / or its conical section, can be equipped around the circumference with parallel (on the cylindrical section) and / or concentric (on the conical section) grooves 177 (Fig. 11, 12), performing the function of a labyrinth seal, and if the cartridge is equipped with an obturation ring, the grooves are performed mainly in the area of interaction of the bowl with the obturation ring.

The shutter operates as follows.

When the shutter button is pressed, power is supplied to the electric drive 17 and they retract the sear 18, thereby releasing the recoil washer 16, which, by means of the stop in the washer bushing 19, under the action of the mainspring 12, pushes the barrel 2, 46 back in the direction of arrow “b”, this breech section of the guide part of the barrel 46 (Fig. 5, 7) abuts against the bevels of the oblique gate valves 84, 131, which cannot enter the holes 92 because the wedges 115, 133 abut against the upper 53 and lower 81 plates of the breech plate 47, so the barrel 46 pushes the gate valves 84, 131 and the compression sleeve 127 together with them, back, while the spring walls 50 first compress the spring 51, pressing the pressure plate 82 against the front cut of the chamber 63, and further, the springs 62 are compressed, pressing the rear end of the chamber 63 to the thrust wall 66, while the pins 60 on the chamber 63 enter the holes 49, 65 on the pressure plate 82 and the thrust wall 66, and the center of the chamber moves from axis B -B "on the axis" BB ". When the compression sleeve 127 reaches its extreme rear position, the wedges 133 reach the holes 92 in the breech 47, press the spring-loaded pushers 132, and enter these holes 92, while the oblique valves 131 enter the holes 118, fix the compression sleeve 127 and the chamber 63 in the firing position while releasing the Central hole 130 of the compression sleeve 127 for movement of the guide portion of the barrel 46 into the axial tube 161 of the cartridge 99 (Fig. 5, 6).

Setting the shutter 48 after firing from the firing position to the firing position is carried out after firing and / or after rolling back by removing the guide portion of the barrel 48 from the central hole 127 of the compression sleeve 127 and removing the clips 135 of the wedges 133 from the recesses 116 (Fig. 7).

6. The chamber

The chamber 63 rotates inside the breech 47 and has three fixed positions:

- reloading (the longitudinal axis of the chamber is located along the swing axis of the complex);

- combat (chamber is located on the same axis with the axis of the barrel);

- fire (the chamber is located on the same axis as the axis of the barrel, its front end is closed by the pressure plate of the shutter, and the chamber is locked and pushed back and pressed by the bolt against the persistent wall of the breech).

The position of the chamber in the breech is determined by the control system through contacts 90, 91 on the chamber and breech.

The chamber 63 (Fig. 2-6), which is a through cylinder smooth from the inside, the inner diameter of which is made for the diameter of the sleeve 165 (Fig. 11, 12) of the cartridge with a length shorter than the length of the cartridge by the size of its head part included in the bowl 83 made in the shape of the head of the cartridge in the pressure plate 82, or, if there is an obturation ring 174 on the sleeve 165 (Fig. 12) equal to the length of the cartridge from the bottom to the middle of its obturation ring 174. The outer shape of the chamber 63 can be made in the form of any volumetric geometric shape, for example, in the form ryamogo cylinder and / or a right prism, and / or a combination of these shapes.

The chamber 63 (Fig. 2, 4, 5) is equipped externally with one or two opposing longitudinal slide sliders 59, which enter the groove half couplings 61 of the slide couplings and, when the chamber 63 is installed in the firing position under the influence of the shutter 48, the slide 59, together with the chamber 63, are shifted back, which corresponds to the displacement of its center on the axis "BB" (Fig. 5), overcoming the resistance of the return leaf springs 62.

The chamber 63 is connected to the shafts of rotation 57, 79 by means of slide couplings consisting of groove half couplings 61 mounted on the drive shafts 57, 79 of the chamber 63, and sliders 59 mounted on the chamber 63, which are located in the mating grooves of the groove half couplings 61. The groove half couplings 61 installed in cylindrical recesses made in the upper 43 and / or lower 81 plates of breech 47, and these cylindrical recesses are equipped with a recess 104 directed backward, designed to allow the sliders 59 to exit from the groove half couplings 61 backward, p and shift the chamber 63 of the barrel axis "OO" in the fire position. While the sliders 59 compress the return leaf spring 62, which, after removing the pressure on the chamber 63, returns it from the firing position to the combat. The main purpose of the slide couplings is to transmit torque to the chamber 63 with shafts 57, 79 to rotate it and transmit torque (through the chamber 63) to the spider 78, as well as to provide longitudinal displacement of the chamber 63 when it is stopped in the combat position to allow it to be displaced from a fighting position to a firing position. The shafts 57, 79 of the drive chamber 63 are installed in the holes equipped in the upper 53 and lower 81 plates of the breech 47.

The slide clutch rotates in a cylindrical recess equipped in the force plate, this recess is equipped with a recess 104 directed backwards, along which the slider moves when the chamber is moved, while the half clutch is pressed from the groove 104 by a leaf spring 62, which does not interfere with the rotation of the clutch, but when the chamber 63 is displaced back, the slider 59 abuts against this return spring 62 and, under the influence of the shutter pressure 48, overcoming the resistance of the return spring 62, extends back along with the chamber 63. The return spring 62 affect only the slider 59, and only when it is located on the axis "O", forcing the chamber 63 in a free state to be in a fighting position. This position makes it possible to rotate the chamber 63 to carry out the processes of the firing cycle - reloading and turning into a combat position. Moreover, the movement of the chamber 63 to the firing position, i.e. moving it from the axis "BB" to the axis "GG" is possible only when the chamber 63 is installed along the longitudinal axis "O-O" of the barrel 2, 46 (Fig. 4, 5, 6), while the slider 59, moving together with the chamber 63, compresses the leaf return spring 62, which, after removing the action of the pressure plate 82 of the shutter 48, will again put the chamber 63 with the slider 59 in the rotation position along the axis "A-A" (Fig. 2, 3).

The chamber 63 (Fig. 2) is equipped with a system for the forced ignition of the propellant charge 124 of the cartridge by means of squibs 71, which are mounted by blocks 72, mainly on both sides of the chamber 63 and are used automatically in case of failure or misfire of the igniter capsule. The power supply to the squibs is carried out by means of contacts 91 (Fig. 3) mounted on the upper and / or lower faces of the chamber 63 and contacts 90 mounted on the inner surfaces of the plates 53,

81 breech 47. Through these contacts, the control system determines the position of the chamber in the breech.

Electric drives 16 whispered 18 the descent of the barrel 2, 46 can turn on only when the chamber 63 is in the firing position, which the control system recognizes through the interaction of contacts 90, 91, and are disconnected when the rolling washer 16 whispered the line 18 whispered 18.

In the firing position, the chamber 63 is clamped between the presser plate 82 of the shutter and the thrust wall 66 of the breech 47. Holding the chamber 63 during firing is facilitated by the guide portion of the barrel 46, which is located in the axial channel 161 of the cartridge 99 (Fig. 6), and stabilizes the chamber 63 as well as fixing devices made in the form of cylindrical and / or conical fixing and safety pins 60 (Fig. 3) of the chamber 63 mounted in pairs at its end edges, entering when the chamber 63 is clamped into the return holes 49, 65, ated on the presser plate 82 and the abutment wall 66. The locking safety pins 60 in the case of a skew of the chamber 63 when set to the firing position, do not fall into their counter holes 49, 65, therefore, will not allow the shutter 48 to stand in the firing position, because when the shutter 48 does not reach the firing position, the wedges 115 , 133 also do not reach the openings 92 and cannot enter them, and thereby the oblique valves 84, 131 remain in the extended position, which will prevent the guide part of the barrel 46 from going through the opening 130 of the shutter 48 and enter the cartridge 99 to initiate a propelling charge 124 . In that Luciano recharging occurs via actuation arms cocking mechanism.

When fired, gas obturation at the connection of the chamber 63 with the pressure plate 82 of the shutter 48 is achieved by either an elastic-plastic obturation ring 174 (Fig. 12) of the cartridge, pressed to their junction under the influence of propellant gases, and / or by pressing the walls of the head of the sleeve 165 ( Fig. 11) to the inner walls of the bowl 83 of the pressure plate 82 and the chamber 63. And the compression sleeve 127 with the bore 26 is obturated by installing sliding compression devices in the form of rings and / or elasto-plastic joints on the sleeve 127 yb.

The end sections of the chamber 63 are equipped with at least one spring-loaded pin 77 (Fig. 2-6) - the limiter of the breakthrough of the cartridge 99, which are located mainly in the side faces of the chamber 63. When the cartridge 99 is inserted into the chamber 63 through channel 97 (Fig. .4), the conical slope 159 (Fig. 11, 12) of the head portion of the sleeve 165 presses the pins 77 of the breakthrough limiters closest to it and enters the chamber 63, and when the back flute 166 pins 77 of the breakthrough limiter of the cartridge, these pins are lowered, which abut vertical the wall of the back flute 166 and stop the cartridge 99 in the channel of the chamber 63. In this case, the incoming cartridge 99 (Fig. 4) pushes the spent sleeve 107 from the chamber 63 into the extraction channel 112 of the axle 111 of the carriage 95. Further, the shot sleeve 107 passes between rotating towards each other according to the arrows “b” with rollers 113, which push it beyond the limits of the combat module or into the cartridge case. After replacing the cartridge in the chamber 63, it should be rotated 90 ° clockwise and the chamber 63 will be put into combat mode and then, when fired, into the firing position.

7. The mechanism of rotation of the chamber

The mechanism of rotation of the chamber 63 contains a drive containing at least one spring accumulator of mechanical energy with springs 139, 145 (Fig. 8, 9), at least one gear rack 64 and / or 52 with drive rods 44, 67, at least one gear 56 with a freewheel, torque transmission shafts 57, 79, a system for fixing the position of the chamber 63 during rotation, comprising a crosspiece 78, each shoulder of which is equipped with a bevel 147 and working stops, for example, sequentially directed upwards 76 and down 73 interacting with og anichitelyami rotation 74, 75, each of which is provided with electric drive 146. Rebound crosspiece 78 when hitting the rotation limiters 74, 75 is compensated by a spring loaded latch 80 protivootskoka.

The rotation of the chamber 63 is carried out by translational one-sided intermittent rotation with dwells every 90 ° clockwise. The filing of the cartridge 99 in the chamber 63 is carried out by the head part forward. The ammunition system is not shown.

To rotate the chamber 63, any drive — an electric and / or mechanical and / or gas engine — can be used. The drive is designed to charge the spring of the battery 139, 145 with energy and its subsequent return when the required constant impact on the shaft 57 of the rotation of the chamber 63 is carried out while releasing the turn stops 74, 75, in order to stepwise turn the spider 78 clockwise (clockwise "g" ) with dwells every 90 °.

When fired, the recoil force of the firing unit or the gas pressure charges the springs 139, 145 with energy for subsequent rotation of the chamber 63 by at least the next 180 °.

To implement a constant impact on the shaft 57 by the energy of the springs 139, 145, the rotation mechanism contains a friction roller freewheel mechanism, consisting of a drive gear 56 (Fig. 8), equipped with figured recesses 141 freewheel, in which the brake rollers 142 (and / or balls) in contact with the outer surface of the shaft 57 of the drive of the chamber 63, allowing its unidirectional rotation in the clockwise direction (along the arrow "g").

To eliminate the rebound of barrel 2, 46, dissipate excess energy of moving parts and stabilize the operation of the automatics at a high rate of fire, as well as to reduce shaking when firing in bursts, the barrel and chamber 63 balancing mechanism, end position buffers and / or soft springs, made in the form of wave and / or plate springs with a progressively increasing force, preloaded, for example, combat 12 and / or depreciation 15 springs, and it is also possible to install damping gaskets.

We consider the operation of a mechanical energy accumulator using an example of a device operating from gas pressure during firing. The gear 56 is engaged with a gear rack 52, equipped with a compression spring 145, which is fixed at one end of its protrusion 140, and the other side is fixed to the wall 138 of the breech 47.

With each shot, the gas pressure through the tube 42 acts on the stem 44, connected to the gear rack 52, which, under the influence of pressure, moves along the arrow "e" and compresses the compression spring 145, and rotates the drive gear 56 with figured recesses 141 along the arrow "e" ", I.e. counterclockwise, as the friction force of the rollers 142 with the surface of the shaft 57 of the drive chamber 63 squeezes the rollers into the wider parts of the curly grooves 141, this allows the gear 56 to rotate freely around the shaft 57 without transmitting torque to the shaft 57, because during the shot, it cannot rotate due to its fixing by the bolt 48, as well as by the guiding portion of the barrel 46 and pins 60 of the chamber 63 installed in the firing position, as well as by a fixed crosspiece 78, which is fixed from rotation by the rotation limiters 74, 75 and the anti-bounce latch 80. After charging the spring 145, it remains in a compressed state until the release of the latches 74 or 75.

After the release of the turn stops 74 or 75, the spider 78 is released and the spring 145, unclenching, pushes the gear rack 52 forward and, since under the action of the spring 145, the spring 144, through the pushers 143, push the rollers 142 into the tapering part of the groove 141 and wedge them between the gear body 56 and the shaft 57, creating a constant force on the shaft 57, thereby, when the turn stops 74 or 75 are released, rotation of the gear 56 and, accordingly, of the shaft 57 clockwise (in the direction of the arrow "g").

The operation of the device from the stop of the rod 67 into the transverse beam 68 of the cradle frame when the firing unit rolls back occurs in a similar way, with each device operating on one or another principle equipped with its own drive gear 56, which are mounted on the shaft 57 in the same way.

The rotation mechanism must rotate the shaft 57 of the chamber 63 not less than 180 °, i.e. should provide two turns of 90 ° in one direction - clockwise, providing a rotation of the chamber 63 from the combat position to the reloading position, and again into the combat position.

The ends of the shoulders of the spider 78 are equipped with ribs 73, 76, which are located alternately in the upper or lower parts of the shoulders. When the electromagnet 146 is turned on, it pulls in the upper rotation limiter 74 of the rib 73 of the spider 78, releasing it, and the spring 145 and / or 139, through the gear racks 52, 64 and gears 56, rotates the chamber 63, and also the spider 78, which when turned on the angle of 90 ° with the lower rib 76 abuts the lower rotation limiter 75 and stops rotation, while the electromagnet 146 is turned off and the rotation limiter 74 of the upper rib 76 is released, which is turned on to rotate the spider 78 by the next 90 °.

The electromagnets 146 are turned on alternately, retracting the rotation limiters 74, 75 only for the time that the upper 73 or lower 76 ribs of the spider 78 are skipped. The crosspiece 78 is equipped with a bevel 147 in the area of interaction with the latch 80, and the latch 80 is also equipped with bevels on both sides - for better passage through the spider 78 and fixing it with a possible rebound of the spider 78 back when it hits its ribs 73, 76 on the protruding turn stops 74 or 75 when stopped. The latch 80 is installed on the opposite side of the spider 78 from the rotation limiters 74, 75 relative to the center of its rotation, and it fixes the cross 78 after it passes through the latch 80, while the opposite shoulders of the cross 78 are rigidly fixed by the latch 80 and the rotation limiters 74, 75 from turning either side. When the shaft 57 of the chamber 63 is rotated manually, the latch 80 is pulled manually or by means of an electric drive, and the electromagnets 146 turn on and extend their rotation limiters 74, 75, freeing the spider 78 and allowing, by rotating the shaft 57 in the clockwise direction, to turn the chamber 63 to the desired angle.

The bevel gear with gears 55, 58 is designed to transmit torque from gear 56 to the balancing disk 54 and / or to connect to the kinematic circuit of the chamber rotation an additional chamber rotation motor (not shown).

8. System of compulsory ignition of the axial cartridge

To eliminate delays in firing due to misfires, the chamber 63 (Fig. 2, 3) is equipped with a forced ignition system of the propellant charge of a failed cartridge, which contains a squib 71 mounted in blocks 72 on both (for balance) outer side surfaces of the chamber 63. To supply power to the squibs 71 and transmitting a signal to the firing control system about the position of the chamber 63 in the breech 47, the power plates 53, 81 and the outer surfaces of the chamber 63 adjacent to them, which are in close proximity, about ruduyutsya contacts 90, 91 which are connected in the formulation chamber 63 in the deployed position and / or shear the abutment wall 66.

The principle of operation of the forced ignition system of a failed cartridge is based on the penetration of the sleeve 99 (Fig. 6) by the high pressure of the ignited charge of the squib 71 through the holes 89 (Fig. 3) in the chamber 63, followed by ignition by a stream of hot gases of the main propellant charge 124 of the cartridge 99. Pyro cartridge 71 fire automatically if a normal shot has not occurred.

9. Carriage

The complex’s carriage is equipped with two supports 95 (Figs. 4, 5, 6) installed on both sides of the cradle and connected to it by hollow power trunnions 96, 111, equipped with a channel for loading cartridges with a charging channel, and with firing cartridge cases with an extraction channel, which is equipped with rotating towards one another along the arrows “b”, by means of an electric drive, extraction rollers 113 with friction interaction with the housing of the extractable sleeve, designed to pull from the extraction channel 112 of the spent sleeve and and cartridge and advance it in gilzosbornik or remove a channel outside the combat module.

Carriage 95 is attached to the elements of the combat module. The power pins 96, 111 of the gun carriage are equipped with axles 100, 110 of the cradle, which are mounted to rotate on the power axles of 96,111 carriages, or, in its absence, the pin 126 of the breech 47.

10. Cradle

The medium and higher caliber complex, for cushioning recoil forces, is equipped with a cradle with a sliding installation of a firing unit, which is mounted in sliding guides 103 of the cradle using sliding supports 109. The cradle is made in the form of a frame structure consisting of two frames 102 and a transverse beam 68 To slow down the recoil of the firing unit, it is possible to install a cradle between it and the transverse beam 68, damping springs 69 and, possibly, a telescopic hydraulic brake 106.

Power cylinders 96, 111 carriages equipped with charging and extraction channels are installed in cylindrical hollow trunnions 100,110 of the frame cradle, while trunnion trunks 100, 110 have the ability to rotate on power trunnions 96, 111 of the carriage, forming a swinging part of the complex.

11. Swing mechanism

The rocking mechanism of the complex comprises a carriage pin 96 and / or breech 126 and / or a cradle equipped with a worm gear 98 or worm 101.

Changing the vertical aiming of the barrel 2, 46 is carried out relative to the axis of swing of the complex, passing along the axis of the pivots "BB", for this, at least one, for example, the pin 100 of the cradle is equipped with a worm wheel 98, interacting with the worm 101 mounted on a support 95 carriages, together forming a gear-screw transmission. The vertical aiming of the barrel of the complex can also be carried out by other drives, for example, by means of a linear and / or rotational electric and / or mechanical drive such as an actuator and / or a stepper motor (not shown). Moving the barrel of the complex in the horizontal plane occurs by rotating the combat module.

12. Cocking mechanism

The cocking mechanism (Fig. 10) is designed to cock the mechanisms of the complex when it is brought into a combat position. It is a gas one- or two-piston engine, powered by high-pressure gases produced by squibs, the working rods of which move the barrel into combat position and charge the spring of the mechanical energy accumulator.

The cocking mechanism consists of a block 154, in which pyro-cartridges 153 are mounted. Block 154 is connected to the working chamber 155 by channels 152. The working chamber 155 is connected to gas cylinders 149, one of which, mainly the most loaded, is equipped with a gas outlet channel 148. In cylinders 149 are installed the pistons 151, 156 are pressed in by the springs 150 with the rods 20, 41. The rod 20 is equipped with a console 147 to abut against the pin 14 of the combat sleeve 13 of the barrel 2.

The cocking mechanism works as follows.

When the pyro cartridge 153 is ignited, high-pressure gases through the channel 152 enter the working chamber 155 and press on the pistons 151, 156, which, compressing the springs 150, push the rods 20 and 41 in opposite directions, while the mainspring 12 is charged by means of an abutment by the rod console 147 20 into the pin 14 of the combat sleeve 13 (Fig. 1), as well as the rod 41 moves the rod 44 of the gear rack 52 (Fig. 2, 8), which charges the spring 145 of the mechanical energy accumulator. Compression of the mainspring 12 requires a lot of effort, so the gas outlet channel 148 is installed in the cylinder where the piston 151 of the rod drive 20 is installed. After the piston 151 reaches the opening of the gas outlet channel 148, the pressure in the cylinders 149 and the working chamber 155 decreases, and the springs 150 return the pistons 151, 156 to its original position. The number of pyro cartridge 153 in block 154 is determined by the conditions in which the complex is operated.

13. Telescopic cartridge

The complex is designed for shooting with telescopic cartridges of a special design.

The cartridge consists of a cylindrical sleeve 165 (Fig. 11, 12), equipped with a front ramp 159 to improve its entry into the chamber 63, a protective and / or sealing membrane 158, a locking flute 167, equipped or not equipped with a flute 176 with a sealing ring installed in it 175. An axial tube 161 is installed inside the sleeve with a projectile 127, 167 fixed therein, an igniter capsule 120, 174, a propellant charge 124. The internal volume of the cartridge is divided by an axial tube 165 into compartments: projectile 173 and propellant 124. The igniter capsule can be tanovlen in the bushing bottom 121 of the central opening of the sleeve 169. The sleeve and / or axial pipe may be made of metal and / or polymer and / or ceramics and / or composite.

The sleeve 165 is made with a closed head part, which is equipped with an inwardly concave inward protrusion with a spherical bulge outward 158, which is a protective membrane, and the inverse protrusion is a seat of the axial pipe 161, ensuring its alignment in the sleeve. The tightness of the propelling compartment 173 of the cartridge can also be achieved by installing a sealing membrane mounted on the inlet 160 of the axial tube 161, and / or an annular gasket installed between the back protrusion of the membrane 158 and the conical inlet 160, which makes it possible to make the projectile compartment airtight and fill it neutral and / or inert gas, which will not allow oxidation of the lubricant and the elements of the cartridge and / or shell during long-term storage. The side surface of the sleeve 165 is equipped with a flute 167 mounted in the bottom of the sleeve, which is locking.

Obturation at the junction of the shutter-chamber can be provided by sliding the bowl 83 onto the head of the cartridge, limited by slope 159 (Fig. 11) or go into the bowl on the cylindrical surface of the sleeve.

If additional obturation is necessary, the cartridge can be equipped with a front flute 176 (Fig. 12), equipped in the head part, in which an elastic-plastic obturation ring 175 is mounted. When the bowl 83 is slid onto the head part of the cartridge when the cartridge chamber 63 is in the firing position, the obturation ring should be located mainly in the bowl 83. For an even better obturation, the cylindrical inner surface of the bowl 83 is equipped with grooves 177 that perform the function of a labyrinth seal, which also the wafers should be located mainly in the area in contact with the obturation ring 175.

The locking flute 167 is designed to stop the progress of the cartridge when it is inserted into the chamber 63, and is made in the form of an annular knurling on the sleeve body, forming an annular recess on the outer surface of the sleeve, which serves as a stop for the pins 77 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) of the breakthrough limiters a cartridge mounted in the lateral faces along the edges of the chamber 63. The locking flute 167 is made in cross section in the form of a predominantly rectangular or equilateral triangle with rounded vertices, or a semicircle, or in combination the listed species, while the gentle slope of the locking flute 167 is directed towards the head of the cartridge. This flute can also be used to extract the cartridge case or cartridge from the chamber when using the cartridge in other systems.

The bottom of the sleeve 169 is made in the form of a bottom cover and, if necessary, is equipped with a central sleeve 121 for making a contact or a capsule in it, while the walls of the bottom cover are rolled on the locking flute 167 together with the flange 168 of the axial pipe 161.

The axial tube 161 in the casing section and its flange have perforations (openings) for filling the propellant charge and / or ensuring the transfer of fire throughout the internal volume of the cartridge, and is equipped with technological constrictions and extensions along the entire length for fixing the pipe 161 itself in the sleeve 165, and also the projectile 127, 167 and the igniter capsule in the pipe 161:

- the inlet 160 of the axial tube 161 is made mainly with a conical socket (broadening) intended for centering the axial tube 161 in the cartridge, as well as for centering the guide part of the barrel 46 when it is inserted into the cartridge, and for arranging the flaps of the membrane 158 bent inward at its breakthrough by the guiding part of the barrel 46;

- narrowing 162 has a gently sloping conical slope and is designed to expand it with the outer edges of the guide portion of the barrel 46 and release the leading belts 125, 177 of the projectile 127, 167 when it is introduced into this narrowing, while the breech section of the barrel 46 abuts against the outer part of the leading belts 125, 177, protruding beyond the caliber, and pushes the projectile 127, 167 back, upsetting it;

- narrowing 163 is designed to hold the projectile 127, 167 in the axial tube 161 for the inter-belt section in the transport and / or combat position;

- extension 164 is designed for free movement of the leading belts 125, 177 when upsetting the projectile 127,167;

- narrowing 166 is intended for orientation of the hinged part of the projectile 127,167 when it is upsetting.

- the flange 168 of the axial tube 161 is designed to fix the axial tube in the cartridge sleeve and is equipped with perforations (holes) to ensure that the propellant explosive is filled into the propellant compartment 124, which is located around the axial tube 161 and in its slug space, in which are easily deformed or elastic bulk filler 171, mainly combustible, for example, foam or foam, preventing the throwing charge from being immediately behind the projectile 127, 167, because when the projectile is upset, the charge located in the projectile volume of the axial tube 161 can become denser and stop the upsetting, which can lead to misfire. Through the bulky filler 171 passes the rod of the striker 122 and / or tube 123 with an electrical conductor for programming the fuse. The deposited projectile 127, 167 crushes the volumetric filler 171 in order to press the bottom of the projectile onto the rod 122 of the igniter capsule. The igniter capsule is mounted in the projection space of the propellant compartment and clamped on the limb 170 and / or in the central sleeve 121 of the bottom cover of the sleeve 169.

The fixation of the projectile 127, 167 in the axial tube 161 is carried out by compressing it with a constriction 163, and / or gluing and / or welding (fusion) to the axial tube.

Different types of shells require different use of the igniter capsule, so it can be installed inside and / or outside the axial tube 161, or the central sleeve 121 of the bottom cover 169 of the sleeve can be provided with a capsule of shock and / or electric engagement with external and / or internal impact on the capsule - igniter (for example, to use the cartridge in systems equipped with a rear trigger mechanism).

To enhance the sealing of the junction of the shutter 48 with the chamber 63, the head of the sleeve can be equipped with a front flute 176, into which the obturating ring 175 is installed, the middle of the ring being located at this junction, or this joint can be located behind the obturating ring 175, because and in this case, the front flute 176, flattened by the gas pressure in the sleeve, presses the ring 175 against the walls of the bowl 83 of the pressure plate 82 closer to the conical slope 159 of the cartridge head. The obturator ring 175 is made primarily of solid silicone rubber.

The presence of a sealed and protected projectile compartment 173, filled with neutral and / or inert gas, allows the use of grease, which is applied in the form of a ring, at least in front of one, mainly the front drive belt 125, 177, and / or the grease is contained in the interband part shell 127, 167. In this case, for better lubrication of the grooves of the barrel 2, 46, ring grooves 172 are made in front of the driving belts, which are filled with grease. When fired, the entry of the leading belt 125, 177 into the grooves of the guide part of the barrel 46 causes them to flatten and expand, which causes the mass of the belt to fill the groove 172, which contains the lubricant, and the lubricant extruded from the grooves 172 enters the inner surface of the barrel 2, 46, where it is smeared with leading bands along the inner surface of the trunk.

To reduce the friction of the guide part of the barrel 46 about the axial tube 161 that has crimped it, the inner walls of its projectile compartment 173 and / or the surface of the shells 127, 177 are coated with an antifriction compound and / or lubricant.

Filling the projectile compartment 173 of the cartridge with neutral and / or inert gas prevents the oxidation of the grease in the grooves in front of the leading devices during long-term storage of ammunition.

To form the correct geometry of the flaps of the protective membrane 158 when it is fragmented when the butt portion of the barrel 46 breaks through the end face, it is equipped with radial cuts that weaken its strength along these sections, along which it breaks when calibrated by the force when the guide portion of the barrel 46 is inserted into the cartridge. In this case, the flaps of the membrane 158 remain outside the guide section of the barrel 46 and are bent backwards in the direction of the bottom of the sleeve, and remain outside the guide section of the barrel 46 without falling into its channel. During the shot, when the guide portion of the barrel 46 exits the chamber 63, the flexible segments of the membrane 158 remain pressed against the inner surface of the socket 160 by the structural strength of the metal from which the membrane is made, exceeding the hydraulic pressure of the high-pressure gas stream moving in the direction of the barrel muzzle 2. The membrane 158 can also be made combustible from the action of high temperature gases moving in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel.

The igniter capsule 120, 174 of the propellant charge 124 is expediently installed inside the liner in the front-end portion of the axial tube 161, while it is triggered by the upsetting of the projectile 127, 167 when the guide portion of the barrel 46 is exposed to it, and the central sleeve 121 of the bottom cover can be used as a contact, connected by a conductor 123 from a projectile fuse for programming it on a trajectory detonation.

To reduce the beating during the rotation of the chamber 63, it is advisable to make the cartridge balanced in weight relative to the axis "AA" of the rotation of the chamber 63.

When fired, the leading belts 125, 177 of the projectile are briefly in contact with the breech section of the guide part of the barrel 46, so they will not have time to melt, even if the barrel is hot, moreover, they immediately rest against the rifling of the barrel and receive torque without acceleration, therefore, on the projectile it is advisable to use softer, and less heat-resistant, for example, polymer driving belts, which, moreover, will provide a reduction in the wear of the barrel of the complex when firing in heavy duty.

The igniter caps used in the cartridges for this complex, regardless of its type, are triggered from impact by sharp deposition of the projectile 127, 167 with the butt end of the barrel part 46 back along the longitudinal axis of the axial tube 161. As a result of such deposition and impact by the bottom of the projectile on the rod 122, the initiating substance detonates the igniter capsule with ignition and transfers the force of fire to the propellant charge 124 directly or through an intermediate igniter.

To fix the igniter capsule, the axial tube 161 in the front-end section is equipped with at least one limb 170, in the opening of which the igniter capsule body is mounted, which rests on the bottom 169 of the sleeve.

It is possible to use the following types of igniter capsules made in the form of capsules and / or igniters and / or capsule sleeves:

- with a percussion primer-igniter, while the rod of the striker is equipped with a rod 122 (Fig. 11) with a striker, or the striker equips the rear of the projectile, and the bottom sleeve 121 is equipped with a percussion capsule;

- with a grater (friction) igniter, which contains the rod of the striker 122 (Fig. 12), a grater 174 installed in the igniter composition, made in the form of a tube perforated with holes filled with an intermediate igniter;

- with a chemical igniter (not shown) that contains at least one ampoule with a reagent instantly self-igniting in contact with air, or reagents that ignite in vapors or gases other than air, or in liquids that cause a thermochemical reaction when mixed , and possibly an intermediate igniter composition;

- with an electric igniter (not shown), made on the basis of either a piezoelectric generator with electric ignition bushings, or an electric pulse to ignite the propellant charge through a contact to the electric ignition bushings;

- with a galvanic shock igniter (not shown).

The cartridge is equipped with shells for various purposes, which can be equipped with fuses for trajectory detonation. The cartridge works as follows.

When the cartridge 99 (Fig. 4) is inserted into the chamber 63, it pushes the front pins of the limiters of the breakthrough 77 of the cartridge with its conical slope 159 and enters the chamber 63 (pushing out the spent sleeve located there), and stops when the locking flute 166 reaches the same pins the limiters of the slip 77, which enter into it and stop the cartridge from further advancement and fix it from exiting back. After the chamber 63 is rotated to the firing position (Fig. 5, 6) clockwise ("g"), the electric drives 17 whispered 18 release the sliding washer 16, the barrel 2. 46 moves back under the action of the mainspring 12, and the guide part of the barrel 48 enters the chamber 63 and slides on the projectile 127. 167 (Fig. 11. 12) installed in the axial tube 161, while the breech section of the guide part of the barrel 46, pressing on the conical slope of the narrowing 162 of the axial pipe 161, expands it and abuts against the lead and / or obturating belt 125, 177. The backward stroke of the barrel 46 has several is longer than the boundary of the leading belts 125, 177 of the shells 127, 167 in the axial tube 161, so the barrel 46, abutting the edges of the inlet of the breech section into the supercaliber part of the leading belts 125, 177, upsets the projectile 127, 167 back. In this upsetting, projectile 127, 167 abruptly pushes the rod of the striker 122, which actuates the percussion igniter 120, either shifts the grater igniter 176, or compresses the elements of a piezoelectric generator (not shown) that generates electrical energy to glow the bridge of the electric igniter or destroys the flask of a chemical igniter (not shown), i.e. the igniter composition of the capsule is initiated, from which the propellant charge of 124 rounds is ignited - a shot occurs.

In the cartridge, these igniter capsules can be installed one at a time, or combined with each other in any combination. This method of igniting the charge of the cartridge does not require a separate trigger mechanism, this function is performed by the mainspring 12, the 2.46 barrel and the sear 18.

When the igniter capsule is triggered, the force of the flame is transferred to the propellant charge 124. Regardless of the direction of development of combustion and the formation of local areas of high pressure during burning of the packed propellant charge 124, for example, after long storage, this will not lead to the deviation of the projectile 127, 167 from the axis " O-O "trunk 2, 46, because he is already before the shot in the barrel 46, and the high pressure of the propellant gases will affect only its harrow and / or bottom parts.

To transfer commands to the fuse for trajectory detonation, in cartridges equipped with a fragmentation projectile (Fig. 11) or a mine-projectile (Fig. 12) with trajectory fuses, wire 123 is used that connects the fuse with a contact mounted in the sleeve 121 of the bottom cover 168 of the cartridge, and the persistent wall 66 of the breech is equipped with a contact 70. In this case, the electric power to detonate the detonator of the fuse can be generated, for example, by a shock accumulator installed in a projectile (not shown).

To conduct combat operations in urban conditions or mountains, where the mortar acts as the preferred weapon, the complex is required to fire hinged trajectories for delivering 127 fragmentation shells or 167 special shells to the after-fire space, or using light mines. To do this, the minimum protrusion of breech 47 allows you to have a vertical sector of installation of the barrel 2, 46 within wide limits, which will also allow you to use the complex as an anti-aircraft gun.

For firing hinged trajectories, the telescopic cartridge contains a min-projectile 167 (Fig. 12) and a reduced propellant charge 124, or a standard amount of propellant charge 124, while firing distance is adjusted (if it is necessary to set a certain elevation angle of the barrel 2, 46) by changing the pressure propellant gases during firing by means of an adjustment valve 85 (Fig. 2) installed in the bore of the bore 43 of the breech 47. To reduce the gyroscopic stabilization of fragmentation shells-min 167, shot along the hinged trajectory, in order to ensure that the head of the mineshell 167 follows the hinged trajectory and to ensure the stability of ballistic indicators, as well as cumulative shells fired along the flat trajectory, these shells are equipped with a lead-obturation belt 177 (Fig. 12) made of material with a low coefficient of friction (for example, from fluoroplastic compositions), with the possibility of sliding rotation in the annular groove of the projectile 167, designed to install the obturating belt 177, without torque transmission to the projectile 167. At the same time, the sliding lead-obturation belts 177 can be installed in the grease-filled groove 172 of the projectile 167, which will provide a straight, with minimal rotation, movement of the projectile 167 along the barrel 2, 46, when fired. To reduce rotation on an externally ballistic trajectory, the projectile 167 is equipped with a disclosing over-caliber, or hard gauge plumage, plane of the feathers 173, which are installed to the longitudinal axis of the projectile 167 in any way: parallel, perpendicular, tilted in the opposite direction or in the direction of the cuts, or in a combination of the above methods installation. In combination with the hemispherical shape of the head of the fragmentation shell-mine 167, which increases the aerodynamic resistance to its movement, and actively counteracts the rotation of the shell-mine 137 with the stabilizer feathers 173, which reduces its gyroscopic stabilization, this will force it to follow the head downwards in a downward direction according to the trajectory, which , in turn, will increase the effectiveness of the action of damaging elements during the trajectory detonation of a shell-mine 167.

14. Management system

To reduce the mass of the connections of the mechanisms, the complex is equipped with electric drives, and the shot process is controlled by sensors, the data from which is processed by the firing control system and gives the command to the executive electrically controlled mechanisms to perform one or another action.

Management system

After the transfer of the complex’s mechanisms from its initial position to combat, its firing cycle consists of the following processes:

Pressing the shutter button starts the following processes:

I. firing

When you press the shutter button, the control system turns on the electric actuators 17 whispered 18, which retract and release the sliding washer 16. This makes the barrel 2, 46 (Fig. 1) under the action of the mainspring 12 move backward (in the direction of arrow “b”), this, its guide portion 46 enters the compression sleeve 127 of the shutter 48 (Fig. 5, 6), but cannot pass through it, because abuts against the bevels of the valves 84, which are deprived of the possibility of being recessed into their holes 118 (Fig. 7), because the wedges 115 abut against the upper 53 and lower 81 power plates of the breech 47. Therefore, the barrel 46 pushes the shutter 48 back, which, overcoming the resistance of the leaf springs 51, abuts against the front cut of the chamber 63 and pushes it back, cams 59 (FIG. 4, 5) of which the reciprocal coupling halves 61 slide over the slots, overcoming the resistance of the leaf springs 62, until the rear cut of the chamber 63 stops against the stop wall 66 of the breech 47. After reaching the wedges 115, the locking holes 92 in the breech body 47 (and this only happens after a full the pressing of the pressure plate 82 of the chamber 63 to the retaining wall 66 of the breech 47), the wedges 115, compressing the springs of the ejector rods 93, enter the locking holes 92 and are fixed in them by the latches 135, while the wedges 115 are in the position of the wedges 133, compressing the rods 132, while the slanting valves 131, which have moved into the openings 118, open the passage of the guide part of the barrel 46 to the axial tube 161 of the cartridge installed in the chamber 63. With a further movement of the barrel 2, 46 backward, the breech section of its guide part 46 enters into the constrictions 162 of the axial pipe and expands them , SALT wandering from the fixation in the axial tube 161 of the lead / obturating belt 125, 177 of the projectile 127, 167, and by stopping in the over-caliber part of the first lead / obturating belt, continuing to move backward, finally rips off the shell 127, 167, which is pressed into the constriction 163 of the axial tube, which moves back (upsets). At the same time, the rod of the striker 122, which is stuck in the bottom of the projectile 127, 167, also moves backwards and activates the igniter capsule 120, 174 of the propellant charge 124 of the cartridge, from the ignition of which the force of fire from the ignition part is transmitted to the entire propellant charge 124, and the high pressure of the propellant gases pushes the projectile 127, 167 into the channel of the guide portion of the barrel 46, in which the projectile begins to move, first along the guide 46, and then along the leading part 2 of the barrel. High shot pressure acts on the barrel 2, 46 closed by the projectile in such a way that causes the barrel to move forward, while the combat sleeve 13 compresses the combat spring 12. When the barrel 2, 46 reaches its extreme forward position, the sliding washer 16 is fixed in this position by means of the sear 18, and the guide portion of the barrel 46 exits the chamber 63 into the bore channel 43 of the breech 47. Excessive pressure of the powder gases can be removed through the control valve 85 into the exhaust pipe 86.

As the projectile 127, 167 moves along the barrel 2, 46 and the pressure drops in the chamber 63, the control system, by means of sensors installed on the barrel and / or the chamber, gives signals to close the control valve 85, or release the whisper 18 of the recoil washer 16, or ammunition mechanism.

The misfire cartridge, in order to save time waiting for a possible protracted shot, is ignited by the squib 71, then the cycle continues in the usual manner.

Simultaneously with the shot, the type of cartridge is selected and placed on the reloading line “BB”.

The complex when shooting

II. Reloading

After the projectile leaves the barrel 2 and rolls back, the control system includes the electromagnets of the clamps 135 of the wedges 133, which exit the holes 116 in the wedges and thereby release them, and after the barrel 46 leaves the chamber 63 when rolling, the pushers 132 move the wedges 135 to the position 115 inside the skeleton of the shutter 48. In this case, the springs 51, 62 move the shutter 48 to the firing position, and the chamber 63 to the position of its rotation along the axis "A-A" (Fig. 2, 3).

At the same time, the distance between the pressure plate 82 and the thrust wall 66 increases, thereby the head of the cartridge 99 leaves the bowl 83, which allows the chamber 63 to turn in the reload position along the arrow “g”, so the chamber 63 is rotated to the reload position without delay, which carried out by the mechanism (s) of rotation of the chamber.

The cartridge 99 in the chamber 63 is fed head first. When the chamber 63 is rotated along the arrow "g" to the reloading position, the fired cartridge sleeve 107 becomes the bottom to the window of the extraction channel 112, while the slope of its ramp of the locking flute 166 is located so that it is easy to squeeze the latches 77 of the limiters of the slip of cartridges along the direction of the cartridge case 107, which allows the cartridge during extraction to also exit chamber 63 without delay. The new cartridge pushes the spent cartridge from the chamber into the opening of the extraction channel 112 when reloading.

So that the sleeve located in the extraction channel 112 of a certain length, could not again move inside the breech 47 when the platform was shaken, friction rollers 113 were installed in the extraction channel, which rotate towards one another along the arrow “b”, pick up the extracted sleeve and push it outside the breech .

After the end of the first firing cycle, when the shutter button is pressed, the complex continues to work out the following shot cycles until the button is released, i.e. if the supply of electricity in a certain sequence to the electric drives, whispers and latches of the complex systems does not stop, then the supply of cartridges to the chamber is carried out continuously, and the cycles are repeated one after another, thereby firing a burst.

Part of the cycles are carried out in parallel, for example, the choice of the type of cartridge and setting it in the receiver can be carried out during the shot, rollback / roll, turn the chamber in the reloading position.

If the complex has a single-channel ammunition system with sequential alternation of the type of ammunition in one channel of ammunition, in the combat position of the complex, the cartridge can be installed in the chamber. With multi-channel ammunition, it is possible to select the type of ammunition and, during firing, put a suitable ammunition on the loading line. In this case, when stopping firing, the loading line remains free until the control system selects the type of ammunition.

To stop firing, the supply of electricity to the electromagnets is stopped 17 whispered 18 recoil washers 16 and ammunition mechanisms. At the same time, the last cartridge located in chamber 63 is shot and the mechanisms of the complex stop in the combat position of their units, starting from point I, and the chamber stops in the reloading position.

The automation of the complex during firing is provided by an electromechanical and / or mechanical and / or manual drive. The complex’s automation drive uses the energy of high-pressure gases during firing, as well as the movement of the firing unit and / or barrel, which also receives energy from propellant gas pressure and recoil during firing, and some mechanisms are operated from an electrical source (external and / or built-in), for example , from the electric generator and / or electric battery of the platform on which the complex is installed.

Movement of mechanisms is carried out by squib and / or electric drive: electromagnets, actuators, electric motors and / or stepper and electric motors, the accuracy of movement of which is quite high and they do not need final position sensors, so the control system always accurately stops the electric drives in the right position.

The implementation of reloading by means of lateral pushing of cartridges along the chamber along the swing axis of the complex minimizes the size of the breech of the complex, which will ensure the maximum possible sector of vertical guidance.

The technical result from the implementation of the invention is to increase the provision of high stabilization of the axis of the complex during firing, combat effectiveness and versatility of the artillery complex.

The above construction of the Universal Artillery Complex for a telescopic cartridge is shown schematically and is a general illustration, which has great variability of the specific performance of parts, assemblies, mechanisms and the sequence of their work, and is a full version, but for specific purposes of using the complex it is possible to implement a simplified version of its design, when it is incomplete without any systems, groups, and / or elements, and / or details in groups, and / or systems, and / or nodes, for example, without: balancing mechanism, depreciation device, muzzle device, cooling system, carriage, cradle, contact system and others.

The shown scheme and the principle of the complex are not a limitation for the application of other technical solutions that can be used in practice without violating the main idea of the invention.

Claims (36)

1. Universal artillery complex for a telescopic cartridge, including a gun mount; movable barrel, which is a drummer; muzzle device; barrel casing; breech equipped with reloading channels oppositely mounted on the axis of swing of the gun; cocking system; telescopic cartridge; a chamber with a rotation mechanism installed in the breech; control system, characterized in that the barrel moves in the barrel casing and the bore of the breech and consists of the leading and guide parts; the barrel casing is equipped with at least one of the following elements: a combat sear with a drive, a groove for the movement of the pin of the combat sleeve, a sliding bearing and / or linear movement of the barrel, a baffle, and also equipped or not equipped with a recoil system and / or an air and / or system liquid cooling of the barrel, and / or barrel balancing mechanism; the chamber has a length shorter than the length of the cartridge by the size of its head part included in the bowl-shaped recess of the pressure plate; the chamber is equipped with fixing and safety pins installed in a vertical plane, mainly in pairs at its both end edges; the walls of the chamber are equipped or not equipped with at least one opening of the propellant propellant ignition system of the axial cartridge mounted on at least one outer side of the chamber; the chamber is equipped with at least one pair of pins - limiters of the slip of the cartridge located at both end sections in the side faces of the chamber; the chamber is equipped or not equipped with a balancing mechanism containing a counter-rotation disk; the chamber is equipped with at least one slider located longitudinally in a vertical plane in the central part of its outer surface, the slider being installed in the return groove of the coupling half equal to the length of the slider, and together they form a slider coupling installed in the recess of the upper and / or lower breech plate, moreover, this recess is equipped with a groove directed to the persistent wall of the breech, designed to extend the slider along it, which in the free position is held in the coupling by the return spring of the chamber, while the groove coupling half is connected to the shaft of rotation of the chamber; the breech includes a barrel channel connected to the thrust wall by means of upper and lower power plates equipped with recesses for slide couplings and holes for the shaft of rotation of the chamber, equipped with at least one recess for the wedge and grooves for installing return bolts and chamber springs; the breech barrel channel is closed in front with a box and at the back with a sliding wedge lock, the breech is equipped or not equipped with hollow pins; the breech bore channel is equipped or not equipped with a gas outlet channel that controls the pressure of the shot valve and its actuator; the shutter comprises a compression sleeve, a skeleton equipped with a pressure plate, which is equipped with a contact surface for the wedges at the front, and a rear pressure surface of the plate is equipped with a cup-shaped recess in the shape of the head of the cartridge, at least one spring wall, at least one hole for installing the wedge rod, equipped with an oblique valve with a valve disc and connected to a wedge; the shutter is made sliding along the axis of the barrel to lock the chamber in front and is equipped with a through channel for the passage of the guide part of the barrel; the shutter wedge is equipped with a latch to hold the shutter in the locked position, and also interacts with the ejection rod pushing it out of the breech recess to transfer the shutter to the firing position; the carriage contains hollow cylindrical trunnions equipped with inlet and extraction channels and connected by brackets with elements of the combat module, on which hollow trunnions of the cradle or, in its absence, hollow trunnions of the breech are planted; the rocking mechanism of the gun contains a worm gear, in which breech trunnions or cradles equipped with a worm wheel interact with a worm mounted on a carriage bracket; the complex is equipped or not equipped with a cradle and / or barrel depreciation system, and / or firing unit amortization. 2. A telescopic cartridge containing a cylindrical sleeve, the head of which is equipped with a conical slope and a protective membrane, a bottom cover, a projectile installed in the axial channel, a propelling charge, a capsule, characterized in that the axial channel is made in the form of an axial pipe mounted inside the sleeve according to its entire length in which the projectile is installed; the axial pipe is equipped with technological extensions, contractions, its bottom end is equipped with a flange; the projection section and the axial pipe flange are equipped with perforations; volumetric filler is installed or not installed in the projection space; the igniter capsule is installed in the projection space and / or in the central sleeve of the bottom cover; the protective membrane is made protruding inward of the axial tube and is for it a front seat; the sleeve is equipped with at least one flute installed in the bottom and / or head of the sleeve, while an elastic-plastic obturation ring is installed in the flute in the head, and the flute in the bottom is retaining; the walls of the bottom cover are rolled on the locking flute together with the axial pipe flange; The bottom cover of the sleeve is equipped or not equipped with a central hub. 3. A barrel fluid cooling system filled with coolant and / or working fluid, characterized in that it is installed in a barrel casing equipped with two axle boxes, between which a double-acting hydraulic cylinder is installed, the rod of which is a barrel equipped with a piston sleeve, variable volumes of the hydraulic cylinder are connected by channels, equipped with at least one check and / or shut-off valve, cooling fins, while the cooling system is functionally combined or not combined with the recoil system ol, and the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with one or, mainly, two opposite tapering inner surfaces, the constrictions of which are directed to the sides from the center of the hydraulic cylinder, while the inner diameter of the narrowest parts of the narrowings of the surface of the hydraulic cylinder is made larger than the diameter of the piston sleeve. 4. The barrel balancing mechanism, comprising a synchronizer, made in the form of a closed flexible link, laid through two guide rollers of the same diameter, installed outside the movement distances of the two synchronized elements, and forming between the rollers two multidirectional working threads of the flexible link, one of which is attached balancing cargo, and to the other, a balancing sleeve, characterized in that it contains at least one synchronizer, in which the leading element is a balancing sleeve with ox, and the driven member is a balance weight mounted, preferably slidably on the stem, wherein the balancing weight and / or guide rollers are mounted in / on the receiver housing. 5. The mechanism according to p. 4, characterized in that the wheels and / or pulleys and / or drums and / or sprockets are used as guide rollers in the balancing mechanism. 6. The mechanism according to p. 4, characterized in that as a flexible link in the balancing mechanism are used: belts; and / or steel and / or plastic tapes; and / or, mainly, lamellar and / or stacked and / or roller chains; and / or cables; and / or ropes; and / or monofilament. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one plate of the depreciation spring is equipped with at least one hole, mainly round, and / or oval, and / or triangular, and / or trapezoidal, and / or rectangular forms. 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for balancing the rotation of the chamber contains a counter-rotation balancing disk with a mechanism for transmitting rotation from the chamber to the disk in the form of three interacting bevel gears, one of which is gear, the other is mounted on the balancing disk, the third on the shaft chamber rotation. 9. The complex under item 1, characterized in that the leading part of the barrel is equipped or not equipped with a combat and / or balancer, and / or washer, and / or piston bushings. 10. The complex according to p. 1, characterized in that the cocking device for the barrel and / or charging the spring battery contains at least one gas engine in which at least one squib is mounted, an expansion chamber, at least one cylinder with a spring-loaded piston and drive rod of movable cocking mechanisms. 11. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the propellant propellant ignition system comprises at least one unit located on the lateral outer surface of the chamber, with at least one squib mounted in the unit, with each squib unit in the unit being connected by a channel with the internal volume of the chamber. 12. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech barrel channel is equipped with at least one control valve and a gas outlet channel. 13. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable shutter plate and / or the persistent wall of the breech are equipped with recesses for inserting the locking-safety pins of the chamber into them. 14. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel casing and / or breech is equipped with thrust consoles and / or surfaces for stopping anti-recoil devices and / or damping springs in them to absorb the recoil of the firing unit. 15. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust wall of the breech is equipped with an electrical contact device. 16. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the muzzle device is made in the form of a muzzle brake, and / or a compensator, and / or a localizer, and / or a rollback amplifier. 17. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the combat and / or depreciation spring is made with a progressively increasing force of compression and / or decompression. 18. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner cylindrical and / or conical surface of the cup-shaped recess of the shutter pressure plate is equipped around the circumference with parallel and / or concentric grooves that act as a labyrinth seal. 19. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction channel of the mast pins is equipped with extraction rotating rollers to remove the sleeve from the breech. 20. The complex according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains at least one mechanism for rotating the chamber, which is a spring accumulator of mechanical energy, charged from the pressure of the shot and / or the stop against the drive rod obstacle while damping the recoil of the firing unit, containing the drive rod , a spring acting on the rack, which interacts with a drive gear equipped with a freewheel, which, in turn, depending on the direction of movement, or creates a constant force the chamber shaft rotates and rotates it when the crosspiece is released by rotation limiters, or it allows the gear to rotate freely on the shaft when charging the battery spring, while the stepwise rotation mechanism of the chamber is made in the form of a crosspiece, each shoulder of which is equipped with working protrusions alternating in height, interacting with the limiters turning on alternately turning. 21. The complex according to p. 1, characterized in that the chamber rotation mechanism is equipped with a counter-release latch. 22. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in a simplified version and contains an incomplete volume of elements, or groups, or systems. 23. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the sleeve and / or axial tube are made of metal, and / or plastic, and / or ceramic, or a composite. 24. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the projectile is equipped with at least one leading and / or obturation belt. 25. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixation of the projectile in the axial tube is carried out on its girdle and / or inter-girdle and / or girdle sections by compressing it with an axial tube and / or gluing and / or welding to the axial tube . 26. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the central sleeve of the bottom of the sleeve is provided with a shock and / or electric impact capsule with external and / or internal impact on the capsule. 27. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking flute is made in the form of a semicircular and / or triangular annular recess on the outer surface of the liner, which serves as a stop for the pin of the cartridge breakthrough retainer. 28. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the obturating ring is made of silicone rubber. 29. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the projectile is equipped with an annular groove, at least in front of and / or under one leading and / or obturating belt, which is filled with grease, and / or the grease is contained in the interband part of the projectile. 30. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner walls of the projectile compartment of the axial tube are coated with an antifriction compound and / or lubricant. 31. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the shell compartment of the axial tube is sealed, filled with an inert and / or neutral gas and closed with a protective and / or sealing membrane. 32. Cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 2 or 31, characterized in that the protective membrane is equipped with radial cuts that weaken its strength along these sections, along which it breaks when calibrated force when the guide part of the barrel is inserted into the cartridge, while the flaps of the membrane are folded inside the pipe and remain outside the guide section of the barrel. 33. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the propellant igniter is made in the form of a grater and / or friction and / or shock and / or electric and / or chemical and / or galvanic shock igniter and / or piezoelectric capsule. 34. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that it is made balanced by weight relative to the center of rotation of the chamber. 35. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the projectile fuse is equipped with a command input device through a conductor connecting it to a contact mounted in the bottom sleeve of the sleeve. 36. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the fragmentation projectile and / or mine projectile are equipped with a stabilizer for firing on hinged trajectories, while the feathers of the stabilizer of the mine projectile are made in over-, or under-, or in gauge form and directed parallel and / or perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, and / or in the direction of the grooves of the barrel, and / or in the direction opposite to the grooves of the side.

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