RU2669037C2 - Automatic weapon with inner piston for caseless cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: automatic weapons with an internal piston for a cartridge without a cartridge contains a barrel, piston, bolt group; system – automatics, ammunition, cooling; chamber, for the installation of the cartridge without a chimney, the leading and/or obturating belt of the projectile is equipped with at least one stopper. Piston group contains a return, gripping, push-up spring; thrust and piston washers; return sleeve; piston of the gas engine mounted in the chamber and connected by a rod passing through the front wall of the chamber with a piston washer. Chamber consists of two chambers – a gas accumulator and a combustion chamber, separated by a narrowing channel.EFFECT: simplified design of the weapon, increased combat effectiveness and versatility thereof.37 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of armaments, namely to automatic firearms for a cartridgeless case with automation based on a gas engine drive, the piston of which is installed in the chamber, and can be used in the military field as artillery systems for installation on combat movable guided or robotic platforms - land, sea or aviation, and can also be used in the military, sports, hunting, security areas as an individual manual fire trill weapons. The butterfly valve, in addition to weapons, can be used in bunkers, batchers, in flow systems to block the channel.

The creation of weapons with the highest possible combat effectiveness is ensured by increasing the firepower as the main combat property of the weapon - its ballistic characteristics that determine the range, accuracy and accuracy of firing; the rate of fire of a weapon as a property that dramatically affects the time it takes to solve a fire problem; the universality of weapons and shells as a means to perform many fire tasks with a single weapon. At the same time, rigid weight and size and functional limitations must be taken into account.

However, further joint increase of these characteristics using traditional technical solutions encounters significant problems associated, firstly, with quick overheating of the barrel and wear of its channel and, secondly, with exhaustion of reserves for a significant increase in technical rate of fire when used as unitary ones. as well as shots of separate loading with shellless propellant charges, thirdly, with well-known automation systems, during the operation of which there are vibrations that affect the accuracy.

At the same time, compilations of classical schemes have already reached the limit of increasing the fire characteristics of weapons, therefore, new extraordinary technical solutions are required to increase combat effectiveness.

One of the ways to overcome the above technical problems is to create weapons systems with unconventional structural and layout schemes that provide acceptable weight and dimensions, both of the weapon itself and of the weapon systems as a whole.

Automatic artillery systems are indispensable for solving many fire missions in the ground forces, navy and aerospace forces. The automation of these installations, as a rule, is based on the movement of large masses (barrel and / or bolt, tape with cartridges and other mechanisms), while the action of the forces is multidirectional, and for the movement of weapon parts, technological gaps are needed, which together with high returns reduce accuracy and accuracy of shooting installations.

The highest requirements to increase the coefficient of technical perfection of weapons are imposed on aviation systems, as well as on air defense systems of the near zone. The criterion for assessing technical excellence allows us to evaluate the specific productivity of weapons, i.e. second consumption of cartridges per unit mass of weapons.

Known high-temperature single-barrel aircraft gun GSH-301 (http://www.kbptula.ru/ru/razrabotki-kbp/strelkovo-pushechoe-i-granatometnoe-vooruzhenie/pushechnoe-vooruzhenie/gsh-301), using a cartridge case with electric. The automation of the gun is based on the use of barrel rollback energy during its short course. The barrel together with the breech is the main link in the automation and performs a reciprocating motion in one cycle (shot), ensuring the operation of the actuators: feeding the cartridge, lowering it, releasing the cartridge, locking and unlocking the bore, and also extracting the spent sleeve. When fired, the barrel is driven backward by the reactive power of the propellant gases (rollback), the reverse movement of the barrel forward (rollback) is made by the return spring. Shockless braking of the moving parts of the gun when approaching the extreme front and rear positions is provided by a double-acting shock absorber-hydraulic brake.

The gun has one channel of ammunition, but it implements the possibility of right- or left-side reception of tape power by rearranging the details of the feed mechanism. The reloading of the gun in case of misfire is carried out by the electric pyrotechnical method - when it fires, the sleeve of the misfire cartridge breaks through a special striker, the gunpowder ignites, which causes a shot and automatic reloading. The feed of the cartridge belt is carried out by a device equipped with an engine that moves the links of the tape with reciprocating movements. The gun is equipped with a liquid cooling system and a device for external blowing of the barrel. Ignition of a charge of cartridges is carried out by electric capsules igniters with a voltage of 27 Volts from an onboard network of a platform. The gun has a maximum rate of fire equal to 1800 rounds per minute.

Disadvantages of the gun:

- The presence of several powerful springs, a long receiver with mechanical drives of automation units require high strength drive parts, including the receiver itself, which leads to an increase in the dimensions and weight of the weapon (although the weight of the gun is minimal - up to 50 kg).

- She has an insufficient firing range.

- Ammunition is heavy due to the weight of the shells and the increased volume for the location of ammunition due to the round cross-section of the shell of the ammunition, which limits it both in weight and in the volume occupied by it.

- The large length of the cartridge increases the course of the heavy barrel and, accordingly, the reload time, which also limits the rate of fire.

- The automation is mechanical, although this weapon is installed exclusively on platforms equipped with on-board power supply and could have more electromechanical drives to reduce weight.

- High recoil - up to 8 tons, which requires reinforcement and weighting of the gun mounts, as well as the platform design, which eliminates the light weight of the gun.

- The high magnitude of the recoil force affects the dynamics and stability during the firing of the platform (car, boat, aircraft, etc.) on which it is installed. This fact does not allow the use of the gun on mobile light robotic platforms.

- The single-channel method of ammunition does not allow the projectile to be selected for the task and forces to shoot a long line, in which different types of shells alternate to hit a wide range of targets, which leads to improper ammunition consumption, reduces combat effectiveness, unnecessarily overheats and wears out the barrel.

- The operation of automation does not allow to obtain a high accuracy of fire due to the presence of technological gaps in the slip pairs to roll back and roll the barrel, changes in the center of gravity of the weapon when moving its moving parts, as well as due to jerking when it stops in extreme positions during the rollback / coasting and which is transmitted to the base, as well as deflection of the firing device when pulling a heavy tape with the next cartridge - all this leads to vibrations in the barrel and platform, which, in turn, leads to an increase in dispersion the use of shells and reduces the accuracy of firing at large distances inherent in aviation distances. Therefore, the defeat of an air, besides maneuvering target from this gun is extremely difficult and requires increased consumption of ammunition.

- Long bursts are prevented by the restriction associated with the problem of barrel survivability, i.e. the ability to cut the barrel to withstand the mechanical effects of the leading shells of shells during intensive heating during firing in long bursts, which must be carried out due to low accuracy.

- The gun’s mechanical automatics are not equipped with an open-bolt firing system, and the constant presence of the cartridge in the chamber does not allow the barrel to cool from the inside by drawing cold air through the barrel channel, since it is closed by the cartridge, and external cooling - air and liquid, requires some time to remove heat .

- The rate of fire is also limited by the low strength of thin-walled cartridge cases, which, when the feeder with the cartridge is suddenly accelerated or stopped, are subject to “unprotecting” or “slipping of the cartridge”, as a result of which these phenomena can lead to a delay in firing.

The well-known 30-mm six-barreled anti-aircraft artillery system (ZAK) AK-630 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/АК-630), which includes an A-213 machine gun and MP-133 Pennant fire control system ".

Machine A-213 has a rate of fire of 4000-5000 rounds per minute. It contains a block of six trunks, rotating under the influence of propellant gases, taken alternately from the channels of the trunks. This allowed us to implement a parallel reloading scheme for each barrel after the next shot. The machine is powered by ammunition during firing from a tape consisting of steel links that trip during firing. The tape fits in a magazine with a capacity of 2000 rounds.

The disadvantages of this artillery installation are its insufficient characteristics to create a dense fire curtain on the course of an air target in the shortest possible time. The reasons for this drawback lie in the design of the weapon, namely, the low rate of fire of an individual barrel equipped with a chamber and a bolt, - max. 830 rounds a minute. At the same time, the presence of a large number of rotating and reciprocating moving massive parts, for the movement and rotation of which technological gaps are needed, creates multidirectional moments of inertia, which, combined with recoil, generates unrecoverable vibrations that negatively affect accuracy. In this case, the installation basically does not have the ability to conduct multiple launch rockets and allows only low-efficient bursts of fire, which leads to a low probability of hitting a flying target, because in order to fire a burst of thousands of shells at a target, it is necessary to spend at least 13 seconds, which is unacceptable at high speed of the target.

A weapon that uses shell cartridges does not significantly increase the rate of fire and reduce overall dimensions due to the presence of “parasitic” weight of shells, for which additional mechanisms and processes are needed in the firing cycle, the execution of which takes the time of the cycle.

It is known "Launcher for shells" (RF Patent No. 2254555) - the so-called. a system of weapons for firing volleys "Metal storm", containing a mobile unit of several receiver launchers, in the trunks of which are placed one after another several shells. Each projectile is associated with a separate individually flammable propellant charge for sequentially ejecting projectiles through the barrel outlet. Each shell has a housing in which substances or objects can be placed. The shells are located relative to each other and the barrel in such a way as to prevent the spread of gases from the ignited propellant charge back along the barrel to the propellant charge located behind the next projectile. The block may contain means for controlling the orientation of the shafts to control the position of the barrel launchers relative to each other in the angle between their axes to change the position of the points of impact of shells fired from different shafts. The invention allows to reduce the time of pointing the launching device to the target.

This weapon has several patrimonial incorrigible problems that prevent its use to protect the near missile defense zone:

- For the destruction of air targets such as anti-ship missiles, it is preferable to have a projectile caliber of at least 30 mm The total recoil force from many shots fired at a very high rate of fire will be so high that it will require cardinal reinforcement and weighting of the mounting structure of the firing unit or platform equipment with a complex reaction compensation system for recoil.

- It’s difficult to use rifled trunks for this system because the presence of a long smooth-bore section of the “chamber” and a rifled leading part of the barrel will require solving the problem of a sharp change in the nature of the movement of the second and subsequent shells, because the location of their leading belts will be located at a great distance from the beginning of the rifling of the barrel, which will cause a significant acceleration of the projectile during firing and will give it inertia, so the transition from translational motion to translational-rotational is fraught with cutting the leading belt to the size of the caliber, or the leading belt must be hard enough , but it will reduce the survivability of the trunk.

- The difference between the diameters of the threaded part of the barrel and the smooth part of the chamber will require the installation of leading devices in the front and rear of the projectile, which will increase friction. Installation of one leading belt will force the projectile to be located in a smooth chamber with a bias, which, when the projectile has gained speed and enters the threaded section of the barrel, will cause shock and vibration of the installation.

- The complexity of the shot eliminating the possibility of unauthorized ignition of the next, after ignited, propellant charge.

- The difficulty of reloading the system with long charges in battle, requiring the cessation of firing.

- The difficulty of reloading an incompletely fired ammunition in the barrel, which will require additional time to be removed, or it will go through an un-fired ammunition and replacing it with a full ammunition.

- The use of tubular shells for this installation (see RF Patent No. 2236588 - “Assembly of trunks with tubular shells for firearms”) will cause them to swell and press against the walls of the barrel when the propellant is ignited, which, in turn, will cause a high level of barrel heating from high friction when the projectile moves.

- Overheating of the trunks from intense firing will lead to the impossibility of reloading the shellless ammunition in the hot "chamber" of the trunks, which will take time to cool them.

- The complexity of obturation of shells in the barrel when equipping a system of alternating electrical ignition of several successively installed propelling charges with electric igniters.

- To disperse a projectile in order to obtain high energy for hitting a target and increase the firing range, a long barrel will be required, but at an excessively high rate of fire, the speed of shells moving one after another in a long barrel will be low due to counteraction to the acceleration of the projectile by residual pressure in the barrel from the previous shot, which will not allow you to get the required projectile speed and, accordingly, the firing range and high damaging effect. For the pressure drop in the barrel in a natural way you need a certain time, or, to accelerate the pressure drop, it is necessary to purge the barrel.

It is known "Sleeveless weapons" (RF patent No. 2549599), in which an electromechanical drive is used as a drive for systems and mechanisms. The barrel is mounted in the chamber telescopically, with the possibility of longitudinal movement, in order to capture the cartridge by the bullet by fixing it in the bullet inlet with a high-temperature magnet and then pulling it into the chamber. The chamber shutter is made in the form of a wedge. Ignition of the cartridge is carried out electrically through the contacts of the bullet. Through the use of cartridgeless cartridge, the rate of fire can be significantly increased, and weight and size indicators are reduced. The weapon has the ability to select ammunition in any sequence, as well as the ability to pair trajectories when firing with different ammunition in one turn.

This weapon can be equipped with a fixed barrel, but it is difficult to use it as an artillery mount, because to increase the rate of fire, the cartridge feeding system with electric cylinders should work at high speed, and the relatively heavy artillery cartridge cartridge will require an increase in the electrical power of the supply devices, which is not always possible to provide.

The well-known "Shell and obturating-leading shell of the projectile" (patent RU 2110808), which contains interconnected compartments and two leading belts: centering and obturating-leading. The centering belt located in front of the obturator is made in the form of a ring mounted between the housing sections of the compartments with spring projections uniformly distributed around the circumference. An annular end protrusion is made at the front end of the ring from the side of the inner diameter, and a reciprocal groove is made at the end of the case in front of the compartment. The spring protrusions on the ring can be made in the form of uniformly spaced around the circumference and bent up sections of the ring between pairs of longitudinal undercuts from the rear end. The obturating-leading belt of the projectile is made of plastic material and contains a base and a part protruding beyond the caliber of the projectile with a conical front section and an annular recess beyond the top of the belt. The part of the belt protruding beyond the projectile caliber from the rear end side is made with an annular undercut passing into an annular recess, the bottom of the recess is located below the projectile caliber. The angle of inclination of the annular undercut relative to the axis of the projectile can be made greater than or equal to the angle of inclination of the front conical section of the girdle, and the outer diameter of the girdle behind the annular recess is equal to the caliber of the projectile.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the spring protrusions must be sufficiently rigid, because the projectile with its weight can compress the lower spring tabs and thereby the alignment will be violated. But the rigid springy protrusions make it difficult to enter the projectile into the barrel and at the same time, having completed the task of centering the projectile in the barrel, they will straighten out again after they leave the barrel and continue to protrude over the caliber of the projectile, creating turbulences and worsening ballistics, since there is no fixation in the folded position.

The well-known "Method of performing mechanical work on reloading firearms due to the stored potential energy" (patent RU 2279028), which consists in the fact that the design of the weapon includes one or more (gas) batteries of mechanical energy installed outside the receiver group, the batteries are charged when shot from the energy of propellant gases, recharge mechanisms set in motion only from batteries. In this case, the potential energy in the accumulator is stored by means of a gas engine connected by a gas outlet to the barrel and having a gas piston, which is moved by powder gases in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel until the battery is fully charged, while moving the rod connected to the gas piston, and then engage the rod with reloading mechanism, and then, by spending potential energy stored in the battery, the gas piston is moved with a rod coupled to the reloading mechanism Either on the entire course of the reloading mechanism, or on part of its stroke, in the opposite direction and, thus moving the reloading mechanism, reload the weapon. The application of the method allows to solve the problem arising in the design of weapons - reducing the mass of the bolt and other parts of the weapon.

The description of this method does not consider the actions necessary to prepare for the initiation of a powder charge of the ammunition and its initiation, such as supply of ammunition, shutter operation, automatic and single-shot firing, stopping firing, actions to ensure the operation of non-mechanical triggers, as well as the assembly of units and weapon mechanisms and their sequence of work. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the result of the consistent operation of units and mechanisms used in this method will be a low rate of fire, unacceptable for automatic cannon and machine gun systems. In addition, the movement of the piston of the gas engine, the gas chamber of which is connected to the barrel of a certain length by the gas channel, has a shoulder of the moment of recoil force and will create vibration during firing.

A wide group of automatic weapons is known, mainly from pistols to submachine guns, the automation of which uses a free shutter (https://ru.wilipedia.org/wiki/Free_gate), in which the role of the drive piston of the automation engine operating along the longitudinal axis of the barrel, performs a shot sleeve.

The disadvantage of automation systems with a free shutter is that to ensure their operation, the barrel must be made short so that the projectile has time to leave its channel before the bolt leaves the critical value, and this negatively affects the ballistics of the weapon. The amount of energy required for reloading depends on the mass and speed of movement of the mobile reloading system, since kinetic energy is used, which requires the weighting of the mobile system, including the shutter. This, in turn, enhances the vibration of the weapon, both due to the collision of the heavy moving part with the weapon body at the end of the rollback, and due to the displacement of the center of gravity of the weapon when moving the heavy moving part. The flip, in turn, worsens the operational characteristics of the weapon: increases the aiming time for the next shot when firing with single shots and worsens accuracy when firing in bursts.

Free-gate systems are unreliable for the reason that they are demanding on the quality of the cartridges and the condition of the moving parts, it is almost impossible to use shellless ammunition in them, because with such automation, it is difficult to cut off residual propellant gases with high temperature and pressure flying into the receiver when opening the bore, which can set fire to cartridgeless cartridges in a combat station, in addition, these gases contain solid combustion products, which leads to increased contamination of the mechanism, and their removal from the receiver is difficult.

Known wedge shutter (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_gate), providing the opening and closing of the bore by translating the wedge perpendicular to the axis of the barrel.

Its drawbacks are that when closing the chamber with an insufficiently completed cartridge, its sleeve may jam, and when conducting high-temperature automatic firing, the wedge is clamped in the groove with high gas pressure in the barrel and the chamber, which requires a lot of effort to move and open the shutter wedge due to the high value of friction forces. For firing with cartridgeless cartridges, the barrel and / or wedge are equipped with complex shutters, for example, a Broadwell shutter, which does not allow high-temperature shooting.

Known plastic bungee obturator (see. Device and design of artillery barrels, authors: Orlov B.V., Larman E.K., Malikov V.G., Mechanical Engineering, 1981, pp. 336-359), used in piston locks, containing an obturating ring, which is a wire-reinforced asbestos sheath, filled with a rubber mass and compressed into a disk-like shape, which was located between the shutter piston and the mushroom-shaped rod. When fired, the pressure force of the propellant gases in the chamber, perceiving by the head of the mushroom rod, is transmitted to the piston only through the obturating ring, which under the action of pressure is flattened and fills all the irregularities and gaps in the bolt. This shutter can be used for firing sleeveless ammunition.

The disadvantage of this shutter is the impossibility of its use in wedge closures.

The disadvantage of this shutter is the impossibility of its use in wedge closures.

It is known "Device for reducing the return of weapons" (patent RU 2258883), the essence of which is that the shock-absorbing device is made in the form of a housing mounted on the front end of the receiver. Inside the housing there is a package of axially-movable rings of annular spring, which are movable along inclined guides made on each ring. In this case, one of the two extreme rings is installed with emphasis in the front end of the receiver, and the other extreme ring is installed with emphasis in the end of the case. The barrel is equipped with a guide and thrust bushings. The guide sleeve is connected to the return spring and installed in the cavity of the receiver. The thrust sleeve is installed with the possibility of interaction with the package of rings when the barrel rolls. The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the operational characteristics of the weapon and reducing its overall parameters.

The disadvantages of this device:

During automatic firing, under conditions of significant shock loads, frequent shock damping will lead to increased wear and disturbance of the microrelief on the interacting surfaces of the spring, which is accompanied by a redistribution of the volumes of metal, and when the spring is working, protrusions will form at the edge of the troughs, where surfaces will interact under conditions high contact voltage. In this case, the spring elastic forces will not be enough to overcome the frictional forces between the surfaces, which will prevent the rings from moving between themselves and lead to their jamming - the spring will take on the form and essence of a steel inelastic cylinder and will not provide amortization of subsequent shaft movements. High friction in pairs of rings will cause them to overheat, which can lead to a loss of elastic properties of the annular spring.

At the same time, the same spring should provide amortization of a strong shock during a rollback and a weak shock during a coast, therefore, instead of a shock absorption, there will be a shock. In addition, the small length of the working section of the spring during braking will not ensure smooth depreciation of the recoil of the barrel, and it will differ little from the impact.

The presence of technical solutions that could be used as a prototype was not identified.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the combat effectiveness, versatility and technical perfection of weapons.

The technical result achieved by the invention allows:

1. Reduce the weight of the weapon;

2. Increase the rate of fire of weapons by:

- the use of light (low-inertia) materials for parts of the automatic shutter and piston to the level of their structural strength;

- increase the reload speed;

- reducing travel distances of individual moving parts of automation;

- reducing the length of shellless ammunition;

- the use of a fast shutter operating without delay at high pressure;

- ensuring parallel operation of mechanisms during firing;

- lack of extraction of the spent sleeve;

3. To reduce the weight of the ammunition due to the absence of cartridges in cartridges in caseless design;

4. To ensure the resistance of the electroflame circuit of the cartridge to external influences (such as electromagnetic pulse, static electricity, personnel "experiments");

5. To ensure the fire resistance of the cartridge when recharging by removing hot gases from the chamber outside it;

6. Improve the reliability of the shot by:

- reliable connection of cartridge contacts in the barrel and capture;

- electrical contact and / or non-contact ignition of the propellant charge of the cartridge;

7. Increase accuracy and accuracy of fire due to stabilization of the axis of the weapon in the direction of fire, vibration reduction, lower recoil, lack of recoil arm, use of a light piston for reloading that moves strictly along the axis of the barrel, the absence of vibrations from the trigger mechanism and extraction mechanism;

8. Increase combat effectiveness due to:

- the use of selective alternation of cartridges in line according to the nature of the target;

- increase the range of cartridges to five types, alternating in one queue;

- the ability to match the hinged and lay trajectories by adjusting the pressure in the chamber when firing, i.e. to fire with a “flurry of fire” regime and quickly leave the firing position after hitting a target with several shells simultaneously reached;

- increasing the likelihood of hitting a fast-moving target by firing in volley bursts from several guns connected to a block;

- programming the fuse for trajectory blasting;

- regulation of the rate of fire;

- the use and alternation of ammunition with different throwing power;

9. Firing with an open shutter will allow:

- use polymers with a low melting point in the lead belt;

- to prevent ignition of a sleeveless cartridge in a red-hot chamber;

- to improve the cooling of the barrel due to its purge by the free stream

air;

- to improve the cooling of the barrel due to purging the barrel with a moving piston when reloading;

10. Prevent ignition of cartridgeless cartridge in the receiver;

11. Increase the ammunition load due to the facilitation of ammunition and increase the space utilization rate of the ammunition;

12. Ensure the absence of spent cartridges and tape elements that may fall into the skin or into the engine of the aircraft;

13. To simplify the design of weapons through the use of electrical process control, without unnecessary mechanical connections;

14. To simplify the manufacturing technology of shellless cartridges through the use of shells manufactured by them, with a slight change in the driving belt;

15. To simplify the manufacturing technology of weapons by reducing the exact areas in the chamber;

16. Increase the vertical aiming sector and the mobility of weapons due to the receiver;

17. To increase the life of the barrel through the use of polymer leading devices on the shells and preliminary cutting of the recesses on the leading belt of the shell in the threaded section of the piston;

18. To increase the versatility of weapons by using them in all types of armed forces to solve diverse fire tasks by firing trajectories as flat as a cannon, or as mounted as a mortar or howitzer.

19. The use of a polymer driving belt allows you to:

- increase the resource of the trunk;

- firing in long bursts;

- increase the initial velocity of the projectile.

20. Providing the possibility of differentiated depreciation of the barrel when rolling back and forth.

21. Improve the reliability of weapons through the absence of breakage of shells, failures due to deposition of soot.

The specified technical result is achieved in that an automatic weapon with an internal piston for a sleeveless cartridge, comprising: groups - barrel, piston, bolt; systems - automation, ammunition, cooling; chamber; sleeveless cartridge; characterized in that the piston group contains a spring return, gripping, squeezing; thrust and piston washers; return sleeve; a gas engine piston installed in the chamber and connected by at least one rod passing through the front wall of the chamber to the piston washer; at least one damping spring or does not contain a damping spring; the chamber consists of two chambers - a gas accumulator and a combustion chamber separated by a narrowing channel; the leading and / or obturating belt of the shellless shell projectile is equipped with at least one stopper; contains at least one leaf, which is a two-arm lever swinging on the axis, one shoulder of which is a thrust shoulder passing into the shutter leaf, the other shoulder is an opening shoulder and bent with respect to the thrust shoulder at an angle restricting the opening of the leaf; the persistent shoulder of the two-shouldered lever of the sash is equipped on the outside with a slide, and on the inside facing the chamber, it is equipped with gear persistent engagement interacting with the reciprocal gear persistent gear equipped on the outside of the chamber; on the shoulders of the lever moves, under the action of the drive, the drive roller and / or slider mounted on a movable clamp structure, while the shutter is equipped or not equipped with a shutter; a shellless shell projectile installed in the chamber of the weapon is equipped with a leading and / or obturating belt containing an elastic stopper, which is made either in the form of at least one ring or a flat segment washer and mounted perpendicular to the axis of the projectile in the groove of the belt, or in the form of a segment cone equipped around the circumference of the leading and / or obturating belt or installed in its groove, while the outer diameter of the stopper protrudes beyond the diameters of the leading and / or obturating belt and the inlet shell Stia capture; the barrel group comprises a shock-absorbing device, including a cylindrical body with end walls equipped with central holes and mounted on a barrel section equipped with a brake sleeve; inside the housing there are rolling and sliding disc springs installed with emphasis in the end walls and in the barrel brake sleeve separating them, or installed freely without emphasis; gear persistent engagement contains at least one tooth, the profile of which is made in a triangular or trapezoidal shape, while the working side of the tooth profile has a profile with an angle of inclination of 3-15 °, the non-working side of the profile is made with an angle of 30-70 °, or the tooth is made in a rounded or curved shape, or in a combination of forms; the piston longitudinal channel comprises a constriction in which a threaded portion and a grip are equipped; the capture contains two serially equipped grooves in the form of an input and holding cones, the vertices of which are directed along the axis of the barrel towards the muzzle end; the input capture cone is made open, in the narrow part of which a hole is equipped with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the elastic projectile stopper; the gripping holding cone is equipped with a cone base, which is a stop wall for the stopper, while its inner surface is equipped internally with a fully or partially electrically conductive surface to which the power supply is connected; the holding cone in its narrow part is connected to the threaded section; the threaded section of the piston is equipped with helical rifling, which have their continuation in the barrel; the barrel group contains a barrel equipped with a muzzle device in the form of a muzzle brake, and / or a compensator, and / or a localizer, a thrust and / or brake washer, while the barrel is divided into leading and guide parts, the latter is installed in the chamber and is equipped or not equipped with a limiter nominations; the piston is made detachable in the longitudinal plane, at least in two parts; the chamber of the chamber is equipped with a magnetron or a heating inductor; the chamber is equipped with at least one discharge valve installed in the gas accumulator and / or in the combustion chamber and is designed as a kingston; the narrowing of the chamber is equipped with at least one lock; on the outer side of the chamber is equipped with gear thrust gear for shutter flaps; propellant explosive cartridge installed in the chamber of the weapon, contains, at least in the outer layer, ferromagnetic and / or conductive inclusions, ignited by currents of high and / or ultrahigh frequency; the bottom of a container of shell-free ammunition installed in the chamber of the weapon is equipped with an opening closed with a film and equipped with a contact group from the inside to close the contacts of the electrically conductive ignition network and / or program the fuse for the projectile; the cartridge container is installed to the combustion chamber of the chamber with an air gap without touching its walls; an electrical impulse to the electrofire igniter of the propellant charge of the cartridge comes through the shell and the stopper of the projectile; the stopper ring is made split or not cut and has a cross section, mainly in the form of a circle, oval, semi-oval or rectangle with beveled, or not beveled, or rounded corners, or made in any other geometric shape, or in a combination of types; the stopper ring is installed in the groove of the driving and / or obturating belt on an elastic and / or elastic substrate, for example, on a ring of silicone rubber; the surface of the segmented cone or segmented washer is divided by means of triangular or trapezoidal cuts into segments, which are made in the form of figures evenly spaced around the circumference with mainly parallel side edges and with a rounded outer edge corresponding to the maximum diameter of the thrust wall of the holding piston gripping cone; stopper segments are made with a groove-shaped cross section with a bulge directed to the head of the projectile; the top of the stopper segment cone is directed towards the head of the projectile, and the angle of the segment cone solution is from 1 ° to 179 °; a cylindrical groove is made on the leading belt behind the stopper segments, into which the segments pressed against the leading belt are laid during the passage of the guide and / or leading part of the barrel and / or the threaded portion of the piston; the back wall of the groove is equipped with a protrusion, which is the locking element, by means of which the pressed segments are fixed in the groove, while the depth and profile of the groove provides the nominal diameter of the leading and / or obturating belt when laying segments in it; the stopper in the form of a ring and / or washer is made with the possibility of engaging their ends in a compressed state when entering the barrel and / or into a threaded section of the piston by the following methods: equipment on the ends of the stopper of the interacting latches, fixing the latches on the ends of the stopper in the deformed walls of the groove of the driving belt in the trunk, or in a combination of methods; automation elements include return, holding, gripping springs, electric fixators, step-by-step electric motors, at least one pressure and / or deformation sensor, cartridge electroflame system, ammunition management system; the bolt of the bolt group is made wedge-equipped with a grip of the cut-off damper, with which it interacts by magnetic coupling and / or mechanical engagement, while the shutter is equipped with a shutter; the shutter group comprises a shutter, a shutter, a shutter drive, two curtains mounted on two opposite sides of the breech-hole cut, at least one gas vent window connected to the gas duct, at least one shutter shutter is movably installed between the curtains; movably installed at least one cutting shutter moves in a plane parallel to the movement of the wedge, under the action of its capture, which synchronously with the opening of the shutter, by lowering the wedge, closes the chamber opening to the middle, and after reaching the middle of the chamber, the wedge and the cutting shutter disconnect, freeing the chamber opening, while the shut-off valve moves upward under the action of its return spring, and the wedge moves downward under the action of the shutter drive; the shutter shutter contains at least one elastoplastic plate located by an interlayer on the shutter from the chamber side, having geometrical dimensions exceeding the area of the chamber’s internal opening in three or four dimensions, installed along the geometry of its working plane, and closed from the chamber chamber by a plate having the possibility of limited displacement along the axis of the chamber from the pressure of the shot; organosilicon rubber is used as an elastoplastic plate of the obturator; the shutter shutter is made in the form of complementary elements of the labyrinth seal, equipped at the end of the perimeter of the chamber inlet opening, the shutters and the joint junction of adjacent shutters when the shutter is equipped with two shutters; the movable clamping structure for the rollers is made in the form of two parallel strips installed on both sides of the chamber, interconnected by means of crossbars; a hole for the barrel, made at least in one, mainly, front end wall of the cylindrical body, equipped with a centering barrel sliding sleeve; a set of plates of at least one disk spring is made with a progressive increase in the compression force of the spring; the cylindrical body of the shock-absorbing device is connected to the receiver tube; return and / or gripping springs, made in the form of wave springs with a progressively increasing force drawn in; weapons made in a simplified form and contains an incomplete volume of elements, or groups, or systems.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict a structural diagram of an automatic weapon with an internal piston for a cartridgeless cartridge. The components of the weapon, not related to the object of the invention, are described and shown in a simplified form.

FIG. 1. The weapon with a shutter cocked in the pre-gripping position of the piston.

FIG. 2. Weapon with a shutter in the position of capture of the cartridge.

FIG. 3. Weapons with a leaf shutter in a charged position.

FIG. 4. The first stage of the shot.

FIG. 5. Weapons with a leaf bolt and a shock-absorbing device during the aftereffect.

FIG. 6. Weapon with a wedge bolt in the position of capture of the cartridge.

FIG. 7. The device of the leading belt of the projectile with clamps.

FIG. 8. The device obturation and gas reflection valve.

FIG. 9. A device for matching the operation of locks and shutter flaps.

FIG. 10. The device cartridgeless cartridge and feeder.

FIG. 11. The device of the discharge valve.

FIG. 12. The position of the projectile in the combustion chamber of the chamber.

FIG. 13. The device system obturation and gas reflection wedge shutter.

The main terms adopted in the invention.

The directions given in the description correspond to the following directions on the sheets with graphic explanation:

- “forward” - the horizontal direction in the direction from the official cut of the weapon to the muzzle, or from left to right;

- "back" - the horizontal direction in the direction from the muzzle end to the breech section of the weapon, or from right to left;

- “up” - the vertical direction from bottom to top relative to a normally located sheet of the drawing;

- “down” - the vertical direction from top to bottom relative to a normally located sheet of the drawing.

The weapon contains, at least, the following main units: groups — barrel, piston, bolt, chamber, cartridgeless cartridge, systems - automation, ammunition, cooling.

The receiver group contains a muzzle device in the form of a muzzle brake, and / or a compensator, and / or a localizer, or does not contain a muzzle device 1 (Fig. 1-6); thrust washer 2; the barrel, conventionally divided into a leading 6 and a guide 13 of the part, while the guide part of the barrel 13 is installed in the chamber 12 and is a guide for the movement of the piston 20. When the weapon is executed as a small one, the barrel 13, 6 is made mostly stationary. When the weapon is used as an artillery, the barrel 13, 6 is predominantly movable and, in order to reduce recoil, is equipped with a shock-absorbing device, which is mounted on the barrel 6 (Fig. 5) in the form of a cylindrical body 46 containing end walls 2 at the edges, 49 with central holes for the movement of the barrel 6. Inside the body 46, Belleville springs 45, 48 are installed. The recoil force during firing is reduced by deformation of these plates of the springs 45, 48, which are affected by the brake sleeve 47 of the barrel 6.

The barrel 13 is installed in the chamber 12 in such a way as to have a rolling course (i.e., the front thickening of the barrel 13, which serves as a limiter for its forward movement, is set at a certain distance from the front wall of the chamber 12), which is selected during firing - when the propellant gas pressure presses the piston 20 and onto the barrel 13 and pushes the barrel 13 forward, and after the departure of the projectile 43, the reaction of the barrel 13 to the departure of the projectile accompanying the rollback movement occurs, and after the exhaustion of the recoil pulse, the plates of the recoil spring 45 are unclenched, which yvaet reverse trunk 13 - reel, after the reaction rolling diaphragm spring 48 establishes a trunk 13 to the initial position.

To ensure the progress of the barrel 6, 13 in the barrel channel of the chamber 12 at high temperatures arising from intensive firing, it is advisable to equip it with cooling and use a system consisting of compression and / or at least one linear bearing in the form of a sleeve. A similar linear bearing can also be installed in the hole of the brake sleeve 47 to exclude deviations and better alignment of the barrel during reciprocating motion during firing, or to provide depreciation of the entire firing unit.

A cushioning device is installed in front of the thrust washer 2, which allows the barrel 6 to move freely in the longitudinal direction without affecting the movement of the return clutch 9, the piston washer 7 and, accordingly, the piston 20.

The barrel 6 for interaction with the disk springs 45, 48 is equipped with a brake sleeve 47. Inside the body 46 are installed freely or with emphasis on the end walls 2, 49 and the brake sleeve 47 sets of plates of the rolling 48 and / or recoil 45 disk springs, while the brake sleeve 47 when the barrel 6 rolls back, it compresses the recoil 45 disk spring installed behind the brake sleeve 47, and when the barrel 6 rolls, it compresses the coil spring 48, the housing 46 of the shock-absorbing device continues in the form of a receiver pipe 4, by means of which Inonii chambered barrel 12. The hole 6 formed of at least one, preferably, a front end wall 49 of the cylindrical body 46, equipped with a sliding sleeve 50, the centering shaft 6, made of antifriction material. Inside the barrel 4, close to the thrust washer 2, a stop 3 is installed to stop the advancement of the return sleeve 9. The stop can be made in the form of at least one rib 3 (Fig. 1-5), or in the form of a cylinder 3 (Fig. .6), or in the form of a thrust ring (not shown).

The end walls are a persistent 2 and rolling 49 washers equipped with central holes for the movement of the barrel 6.

For ease of maintenance, the Arms, either the front end wall - the thrust washer 49, or the body of the device 46 - are made with a screw thread for connection, either to the cylindrical body of the device 46 from the outside or from the inside, or to the receiver pipe 4, and the brake sleeve 47 is connected to the barrel 6 in any way, either by means of ring retainers or a screw sleeve 51.

The front disk spring 49 is a rolling shock absorber and its stiffness is reduced compared to the recoil spring 45.

At least one disk spring 45 or 48 of the shock-absorbing device is made with a progressive increase in the compression force of the spring with increasing deflection. This is achieved by changing the number of parallel plates in the spring when they are combined laying or by laying plates of different thicknesses in the spring.

The barrel 6, 13 (Fig. 6), when fired, rolls back to the compression distance of the recoil cup spring 45 and enters the empty gas battery 14, and since the container 43 (Fig. 3) of the sleeveless cartridge already burns out at the time of the return, this does not lead to any consequences (with the lock 38 open). When rolling on the brake sleeve 47 is affected by a more rigid recoil disc spring 45, which is unclenched, compresses the rolling disc spring 48 and dampens the coast.

To eliminate the breakthrough of gases through the chamber channel, in which the barrel 6, 13 moves, the barrel and / or barrel of the chamber 12 is equipped with at least one compression device, for example, ring 44.

Placing the shock-absorbing device in the region of the front end of the receiver pipe 4 around the movable barrel 6 allows to reduce the dimensions of the weapon, and the implementation of the depreciation device in the form of a package of plates and the alternate interaction of the package of plates with the brake sleeve 47 reduces the recoil of the weapon both when rolling back and when rolling the barrel, which improves its performance.

The chamber 12 consists of two chambers - a gas accumulator 14 and a combustion chamber 18 separated by a narrowing channel 39. The combustion chamber 18 is equipped with a non-contact ignition device - a heating inductor and / or magnetron 36 of ferromagnetic and / or electrically conductive inclusions in the propellant charge of cartridge 43. Outside of chamber 12 equipped with fasteners to the platform, mask, etc. and / or mounting devices of various actuators of the shutter mechanisms and elements of the control system and other devices, for example, a receiver for ammunition system ammunition, etc. The combustion chamber 18 and / or the chamber of the gas accumulator 14 are equipped with a control valve 15 with a gas outlet channel 16, designed to reduce the high pressure of the propellant gases or to reduce the impulse of movement transmitted to the piston 20, or when firing, to reduce the initial velocity of the projectile when shooting mounted trajectories, either before opening the shutter to reduce the impact on the container of the cartridge located in the receiver 98, or are not equipped with a control valve 15. From two opposite sides the breech is equipped two parallel shutters 22, at least one of which is equipped with a window of the gas outlet channel 29, between the shutters 22 and close to them, the shutter wings 21.

The gas accumulator 14 is designed to accumulate propellant gas pressure during a shot with the aim of subsequently using the potential energy of this pressure to move the piston 20, which occurs after the pressure in the volume of the combustion chamber 18 decreases by the passage of gases through the barrel 13, 6 and / or the pressure relief valve 15 and / or through the opening shutter. The filling of the gas accumulator 14 occurs during the ignition of the charge of the cartridge 43, while the resulting high pressure in the volume of the combustion chamber 18 forces the piston 20 to move forward from position “B-B” to position “A-A”, while overcoming its piston washer 7, overcoming the elasticity of the gripping spring 5 allows the piston 20 to approach the front wall of the chamber 12, thereby exit from the restriction 39 and open the narrowing channel 39 for the high pressure flow from the combustion chamber 18 to the gas accumulator 14. After equalizing the pressures in both chambers chamber 12, the pressure force from the piston washer 7 and the piston 20 ceases to influence the gripping spring 5, and, restoring its shape, it moves the piston 20 to the “B-B” position, while the piston 20 locked in the chamber of the gas accumulator 14 remains high propellant pressure. The piston 20 can be held for a while in position "BB" by holding it with a lock 38.

After a part of the high-pressure propellant gases is fired and released through the barrel 13, 6 and / or the discharge valve 15, the propellant pressure decreases in the combustion chamber 18, and a high propellant pressure remains in the closed volume of the gas accumulator 14, which, when the lock is opened 38 , moves the piston 20 from the "BB" position to the opening opening of the chamber 12 and then to the "GG" position. In order to avoid exposure to residual propellant gases remaining after firing in the chamber 12, pushing the piston 20 toward the open opening of the chamber 12, and affecting the weakly protected case of the container 25 of the shellless munition located in the receiver 98 (Fig. 10), when the shutter wings 21 (Figs. 1-6, 8) are opened, shut-off dampers 23 are installed in the path of the piston 20, which redirect the residual pressure of the propellant gases overtaking the piston 20 into the gas outlet window la and 29. Simultaneously, the release of excessive residual propellant gas pressure through the barrel 13, 6 and exhaust port 16 opens, the control valve 15 and further to the atmosphere. In this case, the piston 20, which received the impulse of movement from the gas pressure from the gas accumulator 14, compresses the return spring 11 by means of the piston washer 7, moves to the “G-G” position, where it is pulled onto the next shell 25 and fixes it in the grip 28 (Fig. 11 ) The piston 20 can be locked in the “G-D” position (FIG. 5) by holding the return sleeve 9 in the “g-d” position by means of the latch 10 and holding the release spring 40 in the compressed state by the latch 37 so that the latch 41 cannot press piston washer 7 to the “in-in" position. This can be done when shooting with single-channel ammunition to increase the rate of fire of weapons.

During reloading, the piston 20 “floats” in the chamber 12 at the interface of media with different pressures (with the lock 38 open), which in this case is almost balanced on both sides of the piston 20, therefore, the structurally permissible strength of the piston 20 can be maintained at a lower mass.

The gas pressure from the gas accumulator 14 is able to give an impulse to accelerate the piston 20 only until the piston leaves the narrowing channel 39 (Figs. 1-5, 13), and after overcoming the boundaries of the gas outlet channel 16 of the control valve 15 and the window of the gas outlet channel 29, the gas battery 14 is discharged and its hot high-pressure gases escape through the gas outlet channels 16, 29, and the barrel 13, 6 into the atmosphere. Further, to the line “G-G”, the piston 20 moves under the influence of inertia until the capture 28 of the projectile 27 is located on the loading line in the receiver 98 (Fig. 10).

At the initial moment of movement, the piston 20 receives the maximum part of the energy necessary both to move the shutter off when opening (with a mechanical shutter drive), and to overcome the distance to the “G-G” position to capture another round of 27 cartridge.

The combustion chamber 18 is designed to locate the container 43 of the cartridgeless cartridge in it and to burn its propellant charge. It is made with some excess of the linear dimensions of the container 43 with a propelling charge to provide an air gap 111 (Fig. 12), which is a heat-insulating layer, between the walls of the container 43 and the walls of the combustion chamber 18, in order to prevent the surface of the sleeveless container 43 from touching the hot walls of the combustion chamber 18 The inner surface 17 of the walls of the combustion chamber 18 is expediently made of a dielectric and / or non-magnetic material, for example, ceramic, because to ignite misfire munitions, it is equipped with a heating inductor or magnetron 36 for contactless incandescent metal ferromagnetic and / or electrically conductive particles in the charge of the cartridge 43, which serve as a source of initiation of the propellant charge of the container 43.

The opening of the narrowing channel 39 is designed to transfer pressure from the combustion chamber 18 to the gas accumulator 14 in the preliminary and first periods of the shot, as well as to seal the chamber of the gas accumulator 14 when pushing the piston 20 with high pressure from the chamber of the gas accumulator 14 in the period of gas aftereffect.

The narrowing channel 39 (Fig. 1-6) can be equipped with at least one lock 38 (Fig. 1-5, 9), the purpose of which is to delay the piston 20 from premature extension to the line "GG" before the shutter opens, which can occur when shooting with the valve 15 ajar due to a decrease in pressure in the combustion chamber 18.

The lock 38 (Fig. 9) consists of a shaft, equipped in the place of interaction with the piston 20 diagonal, in cross section, a cut of one half. When the lock shaft 38 is rotated, a slice, in a vertical arrangement, allows you to either cling to the protrusion of the piston 20 (Fig. 9 / I) and thereby hold it on the BB line, or, when placed horizontally, i.e. when turning 90 ° (Fig. 9 / II), release the piston 20.

The narrowing channel 39 is located so that when the piston 20 is moved from the “B-B” position to the “A-A” position, this channel opens to freely flow the propellant gas pressure from the combustion chamber 18 to the gas accumulator 14, and when the pressure in the chamber is equalized combustion 18 and the gas accumulator 14, the compressed gripping spring 5, pushing away from the stationary thrust washer 2, straightens and pushes the piston washer 7, the rods 8 and the associated piston 20, back and thereby block the narrowing channel 39, and then the pressure in the chamber decreases combustion 18 p by the release of propellant gases through the barrel 13, 6 and / or valve 15 and the window of the gas outlet channel 29, it moves the piston 20 back to the “BB” position, where it is locked by the lock 38 until the projectile 42 leaves the barrel 6. If the power of the propelling charge in the cartridge 43 is used reduced, then there is no need to lock the piston 20 with the lock 38 and the lock can be turned off.

The shutter group comprises a shutter drive, side curtains 22 (Figs. 1-6, 8) installed on both sides of the breech-hole cut, at least one cut-off valve 23, a window of the gas outlet channel 29, a shutter made in the form of at least one leaf 21 or wedge 58 (Fig. 6, 13). The choice of type of shutter depends on the purpose of the weapon, as a wedge bolt provides compactness of the breech, but requires increased effort to move it at a high rate of fire, and the sash shutter occupies a larger volume, but is easy to open.

Wedge 58 and sash 21, when firing cartridgeless ammunition, it is advisable to equip with an elastoplastic obturator, but, with high technological discipline, they may not be equipped with an obturator, or use simpler obturation options, for example, in the form of complementary elements of a labyrinth seal, equipped at the end of the input perimeter openings of the chamber 12 and the shutters 21 and in the junction of the connection of adjacent shutters when the shutter is equipped with two shutters 21.

As an elastoplastic shutter, a plate 59 is used, located at least one layer on the shutter from the side of the chamber 12, and installed along its geometry of the working plane, while the plate of the shutter 59 is closed from the side of the chamber 12 by a plate 60, with the possibility of limited displacement along the axis chamber from pressure shot. The geometrical dimensions of the slab 60 slightly exceed the area of the inner opening of the chamber 12 in three (for a double-leaf shutter) or four (for a wedge and single-leaf shutter) measurements.

As the elastoplastic plate 59, rigid high-temperature antifriction silicone (silicone) rubber can be used.

The elastic-plastic plate 59 is arranged so that when the compressive force of the plate 60 is applied to it, its expansion would be limited by the walls of the chamber 12 and / or the shutters 22 in contact with the shutter, while the expansion can go both in a straight line and at an angle to the contacting surface. With increasing pressure in the chamber 12 when fired, the plate 60 compresses the elastoplastic plate 59 and squeezes it along the edges of the plate 60, while the gaps between the shutter and the breech are filled with the mass of the plate 59, ensuring proper tightness of the joints.

Obturation between adjacent plates 59 of the flaps 21 is achieved by the fact that the plates 59 expanding during firing are pressed tightly against one another and eliminate the possibility of high pressure gas escaping.

With a decrease in pressure in the chamber 12 through the control valve 15, the dimensions of the plate 59 are normalized and the gate is flashed with less effort.

The movement of the plates 60 is limited by the rods 73. Between the plate 60 and the shutter there are limiters for their approach, for example, bushings on the rods 73 of the front plate 60 or the protrusions 75 on the front surface of the shutter.

This design shutter shutter allows you to provide a high rate of fire of weapons.

The leaf shutter (Fig. 8, 9) contains at least one leaf 21, which is a two-arm lever swinging on the axis 33, one shoulder of which is a thrust shoulder 32, passing into the leaf of the shutter 21. The second shoulder is a deflecting shoulder 35 and bent with respect to the thrust shoulder 32 at an angle that limits the opening of the sash 21 to the desired angle. On the outside, the thrust shoulder 32 is equipped with a slide 76, and for stopping a large one-sided load from a shot acting on the leaf in the axial direction, on the inner side facing the chamber 12, the thrust shoulder 32 is equipped with a gear thrust gear 31 interacting with a reciprocal gear thrust gear 30, equipped on the outside of the chamber 12.

On the shoulders of the lever moves, under the action of the drive, the roller 19 and / or a slider (not shown) mounted on its holding structure, made in the form of two parallel strips 34 mounted on both sides of the chamber, interconnected by crossbars.

The shutter is actuated by an electric and / or mechanical actuator.

Gear thrust gearing 30, 31 contains at least one tooth, the profile of which is made in a triangular or trapezoidal shape, while the working side of the tooth profile has a profile with an angle of inclination of 3-15 °, the non-working side of the profile is made with an angle of 30-70 ° , or the tooth profile is made in a rounded or curved shape, or in a combination of forms.

In the closed position of the shutter, the shutter flap 21 (Fig. 8 / I) fits snugly against the ends of the walls of the opening of the chamber 12, and the teeth of the thrust gear 31 enter the teeth of the gear thrust gear 30 on the chamber 12, while the slide 76, equipped at the end of the thrust shoulder 32 having a slightly greater height than the front of the stop shoulder 32, provides a selection of technological clearances in the pairs of rotation of the rollers 19, therefore, tightly pressed gear persistent gearing 31 of the stop shoulders 32 to the gear stop 30, which is completely e flap 21 allows the shutter to deviate even under considerable pressure propellant gases during firing. In this case, the interaction of two persistent gears 30, 31 eliminates the possibility of shifting the wings 21 back when fired. Instead of the rollers 19, sliders can be used. The drive of the rollers 19 is made in the form of two parallel strips 34 mounted on both sides of the chamber 12, which are interconnected by means of crossbars.

The shutter is unlocked immediately after the projectile 42 leaves the barrel 6. A signal to open the shutter and the control valve comes from at least one pressure sensor (not shown) and / or, mainly, a strain gauge installed mainly on the barrel 6 and / or chamber 12. The opening of the shutter wings 21 must be synchronized with the movement of the piston washer 7, and when closing, with the movement of the cartridge 25 into the combustion chamber 18 to prevent jamming of its container 25 during early closing of the shutters 21. Synchron e movement of the rollers 19 on the shoulders 32, 35 a two-armed lever can simultaneously open or close the shutter 21 both flaps. When opening the shutter wings 21, it does not take much effort to move them, because their opening is facilitated by the pressure of propellant gases in the combustion chamber 18, therefore, it is advisable to perform a shutter drive mechanism based on an electric drive.

In order to prevent destruction and / or ignition of the container of the cartridge 25 located in the receiver 98, the residual pressure of propellant gases having a high temperature and escaping from the chamber 12 when opening the shutters 21 (Fig. 8 / I, II, III), installed mainly two (with a double-leaf shutter design) shut-off valves 23, which are opened by the pushers 72 of the shutters 21 as the shutters 21 open after the residual propellant gases are removed through the vent windows of the channels 16 and 29. Until the shutters are fully open 21, together with pushers 72 with shutters 22, shutter shutters 23 and the opening of the chamber 12 form a closed volume, ensuring the removal of residual pressure of propellant gases, not allowing it to affect the ammunition 24, 25, 26. Shutter shutters 23 can also be moved by an electric mechanism, however, their return to the closed position is carried out under the action of springs.

The shutter flaps 23 have the ability to be closed almost until the flaps 21 (Fig. 8 / II) of the opening of the chamber 12 open completely. Further (Fig. 8 / III), after removing the residual pressure of propellant gases from the chamber 12, the flaps 21 and the flap 23 are fully open for the passage of the piston 20 and the cartridge 25. The action of the shutters 21 on the shutter dampers 23 is carried out by means of pushers 72 and shelves 74. By the time the shutter dampers 23 are opened, the piston 20 goes over their border and moves to the “G-G” position to capture another projectile 27, standing in reception ke 98.

After closing the shutter flaps 21, the shutter shutters 23 under the action of their springs return to their place, closing the opening leading to the cartridge receiver 98 (Fig. 8 / I).

The wedge gate (Fig. 13 / I) contains a gate drive (not shown), two side curtains 22 mounted on both sides of the breech slice, which is equipped with a wedge 53 and / or super wedge 52 gas vents connected to the gas duct 29. Between the curtains 22 at least one cut-off valve 23 is movably mounted, moving in a plane mainly parallel to the movement of the wedge 58, under the action of bipolar magnets 57 mounted on the gripping shelves 112 of the wedge 58 and 56 of the cut-off valve 23. The capture of the cut-off valve 23 m It can be mechanical.

The shutter flap 23 (Fig. 13 / II) simultaneously with the opening of the shutter is lowered together with the wedge 58 to the middle of the opening of the chamber 12, and thereby overlaps the upper part of the opening, and the wedge 58 overlaps the lower part, with the release of 52, 53 excess pressure propellant gases after firing, which can affect the sleeveless shell of the cartridge 25 located in the receiver 98. After reaching the middle of the chamber, the wedge 58 and the shut-off valve 23 are disconnected, because the lowering stroke of the shutter shutter 23 is limited by a stop 54, and it moves upward under the influence of its return spring 55, and the wedge 58 continues to move downward, thereby opening the chamber 12 opening (Fig. 13 / III) to extend the piston 20 to the “Г- G ".

Wedge 58 is installed in grooves in the breech of the chamber 20 and, for use with a sleeveless cartridge, it is desirable to equip it with an obturator, in which, for example, at least one layer of high-temperature hard antifriction silicone rubber located on the interlayer is used as an elastoplastic plate of obturator 59 the inner surface of the wedge 58 of the shutter from the chamber side, installed according to the geometry of the area of its recess and closed from the chamber side by a front plate 60, which has the awn limited displacement axis of the shot chamber pressure. The plate 60 is equipped with guide rods 113 and limiters of movement 114 and has geometric dimensions slightly exceeding the internal opening of the chamber on four sides.

The piston 20 of the gas engine, which is the main movable element of automation, is installed in the chamber 12 with the possibility of exit from it and is designed to capture, retract and hold the cartridge 43 (Fig. 3) in the chamber 12, to supply an electrical impulse to the electric igniter 95 (Fig. 10) compression of the return 11 and squeeze 40 springs, the drive of the shutter wings 21 and the lock 38 (with a mechanical drive).

The piston 20 (Fig. 1-6) is equipped with at least one rod 8, which passes through the front wall of the chamber 12 and is connected to the piston washer 7, through which acts on the return spring 11 through the return sleeve 9. The piston 20 moves along the input section of the barrel 13, located in the chamber 12, under the action of springs 5, 11, 40 and the pressure difference in the chambers of the chamber 12 - the gas accumulator 14 and the combustion chamber 18, while its backward movement is carried out under the influence of propellant gas pressure (from position "B -B "in pos G-G ”) or the gripping spring 5 (from the“ BB ”position to the“ G-G ”position), and forward - under the action of the return spring 11 (from the“ G-G ”position to the“ BB ”position "), Under the action of squeezing spring 40 - from the“ G-G ”position to the“ B-B ”position, or by the pressure of propellant gases (from the“ B-B ”position to the“ A-A ”position).

The cross section of the piston 20 is predominantly circular and corresponds to the cross section of the narrowing channel 39, and the diameter of the longitudinal channel of the piston 20 corresponds to the diameter of the guide section 13 of the barrel, while the longitudinal channel of the piston 20, from the breech side, contains a narrowing in which the threaded section is equipped 97 and capture 28. The capture 28 contains two serially equipped grooves in the form of an inlet and a holding (truncated) cones, the vertices of which are directed along the axis of the barrel towards the muzzle end.

The input capture cone 28 is intended for centering and input of the projectile 27, it is made open - without the base of the cone and contains only the conical inner surface. Along the longitudinal axis of the inlet cone, in its narrow part, an inlet for the projectile 27 is equipped, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the elastic stopper 61, 67, 68 (Fig. 7) of its leading belt, so that when it passes through the inlet, these projectile stoppers 27 couldn’t snap into the leading belt, but later could be unclenched in the holding cone of the gripper 28 to hold the projectile 27.

The holding cone of the capture 28 also contains a conical inner surface, but already equipped with the base of the cone, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the piston 20 and which is a thrust wall for the elastic elements 61, 67, 68 of the stopper. The inner surface of the holding cone is equipped from the inside with an electrically conductive surface to which the power supply is connected, it is the second contact of the igniter 95 of the charge of the containers 43, 25 and is electrically isolated from the mass of the piston 20 and the Weapons, which are the first contact. The holding cone of the capture 28 is connected by a narrow part with a threaded section 97.

The threaded section 97 is equipped with helical rifling, which have their continuation in the barrel 13, 6.

The piston 20 is also a cylindrical valve of the gas accumulator 14, overlapping the channels of the barrel 13 and the narrowing 39.

The outer surface of the piston 20 and / or its longitudinal channel are equipped with at least one compression device (for example, a ring - not shown), which, when the piston 20 moves along surfaces in contact with it, forms a scraper with the edges of the side surface of the piston 20 or compression device, removing carbon from the barrel 13 and the walls of the narrowing channel 39, which, through ejection, is carried away either through the barrel 13, 6 into the atmosphere, or is expelled by excessive pressure in the chamber through the gas channels 16, 29 also into the atmosphere.

To remove the cartridge 43 with the projectile 42 from the piston 20 manually, which can be done when the piston 20 is in the “G-G” position, the piston is made detachable in the longitudinal plane into at least two parts.

The holding of the projectile occurs in the holding cone of the capture 28, in which the elastic elements of the stop abut against its abutment wall, which prevents the projectile 27 from moving backward, and the threaded section 97 does not allow the projectile 27 to move forward, because the lead belt cannot enter the threaded section 97 without substantial effort. When fired, the projectile 42 and the gas pressure move the piston 20 close to the breech section of the barrel 13, and the projectile 42, breaking the threaded section 97 under the pressure of the propellant gases, enters the rifling of the threaded section 13 , receives torque and moves along the barrel 13, 6.

The piston 20 and / or the threaded portion 97 is a consumable spare part and can be replaced as necessary.

The piston 20 may be in the following positions:

AA - the position of the shot (opening the channel into the gas accumulator - gases from the combustion chamber 18 flow into the gas accumulator 14);

BB - combat situation;

B-B - pre-gripping position;

GG - cartridge capture.

The piston washer 7, connected by rods 8 to the piston 20, can be, respectively, in the positions:

aa - the position of the shot (compression wave depreciation spring 3);

bb - fighting situation;

in-in - pre-gripping position (the piston washer 7 is stopped by an electric latch 41);

gd - the capture of the cartridge.

Weapon automation elements are designed to support the automatic firing process, they include: springs - return 11, squeeze 40, gripping 5, electro-fixers 10, 37, 41, 91, relief valve 15 with a stepper electric motor 103 (Fig. 11), at least , one lock 38, pressure and / or deformation sensors, cartridge electroflame system, ammunition management system.

The return sleeve 9 is designed to act on the piston washer 7 to move the piston 20 under the action of either a return spring 11, a release spring 40, a gripping spring 5, or a high pressure in the gas accumulator 14. Forward, the return sleeve 9 moves under the action of a return spring 11 in order to retract the cartridge 25 for the projectile 27 into the combustion chamber 18.

The backward movement of the return sleeve 9 is carried out after firing under high pressure propellant gases from the gas accumulator 14, acting on the piston 20 and through it to the piston washer 7, which, moving backward, overcomes the resistance of the return 11 and squeeze 40 springs. To eliminate distortions during movement, the return sleeve 9 is made with an extension in which a return spring 11 is installed, the same extension is a limiter for the extension of the piston 20 from the chamber 12.

When moving back and / or forward, the return sleeve 9 activates the mechanisms of the cartridge supply system, the movement of the shutter and other devices (not shown).

Reducing the mass of moving and stationary parts to the level of their structural strength, as well as moving the light piston 20 strictly along the axis of the barrel, reduces the effect on the Weapon of such negative factors as a change in the center of gravity of the weapon when moving its moving parts, and from less impact of collisions more light moving parts between each other, which allows to reduce the total mass of weapons, increase the speed of automation and improve the stability of weapons when firing.

To eliminate the rebound of the piston 20, dissipate the excess energy of the moving parts and stabilize the operation of the automatics at a high rate of fire, as well as to reduce shaking when firing in bursts, buffers of extreme positions were used and / or soft springs were installed, made in the form of wave springs with progressively increasing preload force, for example, return 11 and / or capturing 5 spring, equipped with shock absorbing gaskets (not shown).

The lock 38 (Fig. 9 / I) operates synchronously with the shutter flaps 21 as follows. The plate 34 with the rollers 19 is equipped with gear racks 78, which, through the gears 79 of the lock shafts 38, interact with the drive gear 77. When the drive gear 77 is moved in the direction “a” to turn the shaft 38 counterclockwise to open the locks, the gear racks 78 the plates 34 will move along the arrow "b" and thereby the rollers 19 (Fig. 9 / II) will roll along the shoulder of the lever 32 with the transition to the shoulder 35 and thereby open the sash 21.

The unloading valve 15 is designed for controlled pressure reduction in the gas accumulator 14 (Fig. 1-5) and / or in the combustion chamber 18 (Fig. 6) when firing, for example, mounted trajectories or for interfacing trajectories of shells of different weights or power charge of cartridges. It will reduce the initial velocity of the projectile 42, and, accordingly, the firing range, as well as reduce the pulse power for the movement of the piston 20 during reloading. It is made like kingston, i.e. in the form of a pair of poppet valves 15, 108 (Fig. 11), connected by a two-arm lever 104 of the rocker type, mounted on the axis 105. This design provides the same opening / closing forces of the channel 16, regardless of back pressure on either side of the valves. The valve is controlled remotely from the control unit and is actuated using any actuator, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic or, mainly, electromechanical, made, for example, in the form of a stepper motor 103 with a hollow shaft equipped with a nut 101, while the valve stem 100 of the valve 15 - with the bottom arrangement of the plate is equipped with a screw thread 102 and together with a nut 101 connected to the hollow shaft, form a screw pair. The stem 106 of the valve 108 passively slides in the guides of the duct 107 of the exhaust channel 16. The exhaust window 99 can be directed in any direction and / or the propellant gas pressure from this window can be disposed of, for example, by spinning the generator’s turbine. The adjustment of the amount of propellant gases discharged through the control valve 15 can be used to ensure the operation of automation at different temperatures, different conditions of the bore 13, 6, mating trajectories when using ammunition with different projectile weight and / or different propellant charge, and also for adjust the rate of fire or the path length of the piston 20 under the influence of high pressure.

The high-speed stepper motor 103 allows more accurately and quickly to regulate the opening of the valve 15, while this actuator does not need feedback, which is important in high-speed systems. When using strain gauges mounted on the barrel 6 and / or chamber 12 and providing feedback, it is possible to carry out the most accurate control of the shot pressure.

To ensure the two-stroke operation of the unloading valve 15 (Fig. 1-6, 11) before firing - when there is no gas pressure - open the valve 15 for the dosed release of excess pressure, for example, to reduce the firing range when firing hinged trajectories, and after the projectile is fully open the valve 15 to reduce the momentum of movement to extend the piston 20. In this case, a decrease in pressure in the gas accumulator 14 can reduce the pressure in the combustion chamber 18 of the chamber 12, because The narrowing channel 39 for the pressure flow can only close after the pressure in both volumes of the chamber is equalized or the pressure in the combustion chamber 18 decreases. The reduced shot pressure throws the projectile at a short range, which will allow shooting along an adjustable hinged path. The stepping motor 103 of the discharge valve 15 can control the flow and pressure of propellant gases when firing and / or when pushing the piston 20, starting from the reference signal.

The firing control system includes a control unit for automation elements (not shown) and is intended to control the firing process and select the parameters of the groups and systems that provide the best target hit.

The weapon is designed for firing cartridgeless cartridges.

Shellless cartridge 43, 24, 25, 26 - ammunition, in which they are connected in a single unit, shell 42, 27 (Fig. 10) and a shellless container with a propellant explosive charge, made in an open case or with a combustible body.

The cross-section of the container of the cartridge 43 mounted in the chamber can be made in the form of a circle (Fig. 12 / I), a polygon (Fig. 12 / II), or a square (Fig. 12 / III). It is possible to equip the ribs square in the cross section of the container with square technological recesses 110 for fixing them in the arms of the ammunition system. The cartridge is installed in the chamber 12 so that between the walls of the chamber 12 and the surface of the container 43 was a heat-insulating air gap 111.

The cartridgeless cartridge contains a projectile with a polymer driving belt equipped with a latch 61, 67, 68 (Fig. 7), a detonator, an electric power source with its inclusion system, a container 25 (Fig. 10) with a propelling charge, an electric igniter 95, and an electrical contact device 89 (Fig. . 10). To ensure the preservation of the sleeveless cartridge from premature ignition in the combustion chamber 18, the chamber 12 is made slightly larger than the cartridge container 43 in order to create an air heat-insulating gap 111 around the cartridge, and the electric power supply to the electric igniter 95 is carried out through the projectile 42, because without consequences, it can come into contact with the hot parts of the piston 20 and the barrel 13 and, having a certain thermal inertia, can be in the hot chamber 12 for a long time, and the charge container of the cartridge 43 has a combustible thermal / waterproofing lining (or spraying) that reflects radiant thermal energy emanating from the heated walls of the chamber 12. In this case, immediately after setting the cartridge 43 (Fig. 3) into the combustion chamber 18, the shutter is locked and a shot is fired. The short time allotted for the insertion of the cartridge into the chamber 12 and the subsequent shot, as well as the thermo / waterproofing combustible coating, does not allow the propellant charge of the 43 cartridge to ignite prematurely.

At the same time, the ammunition is protected from residual propellant gases during reloading by reflecting them with shutoff dampers 23 and exhaust through the gas outlet channels 16, 29 into the atmosphere, which also reduces the gas contamination of the warhead carrier on which the weapon is mounted and significantly reduces the effect of propellant gases on the calculation. Weapons can be powered from several (up to 5) channels of ammunition (not shown) with selection of cartridges during the queue. Recharging is electric and / or manual. The method of ignition of the charge of the cartridge is carried out by electrical exposure. Remote control firing.

The cartridge container 25 contains such an amount of propellant charge to compensate for the presence of air gaps 111 (Fig. 12) between the cartridge container 43 and the walls of the combustion chamber 18. An electrically conductive network is installed inside the cartridge container 25, including: combustible electric wires 96, incandescent filament 95 s pressed on it by a block of initiating composition, contact closure 94 and contacts 80, contact group 89 for programming trajectory blasting, other additional elements.

The container 25 (FIG. 10) of the cartridgeless cartridge has the strength of a combustible shell such that without deformation of the container 25 it can withstand the process of feeding the cartridge into the receiver 98 and the chamber 12 at high speed. To reduce the fragility of the propellant charge, it is advisable to add an elastomer.

The elimination of “misfire” delays and emergency ignition of the cartridge in the event of failure of the electric igniter 95 or in the destruction of the container 43 of the cartridge occurs in a non-contact way by heating currents of high or ultra-high frequency inclusions in the form of electrically conductive or ferromagnetic metal particles dispersed mainly in the outer layer of the propellant explosive composition substances of the container 43 of the cartridge and mainly placed in capsules with an initiating charge. Heating of metal (electrically conductive and / or ferromagnetic) particles causes ignition of the initiating explosive and, thereby, arson of the propellant charge of the cartridge 43 in the chamber 18 and a shot, while the high ignition temperature of the propellant and / or initiating charge should ensure the combustion of metal particles. The inclusion heating system mainly contains a magnetron or heating inductor 36, which is expediently located in the lower part of the combustion chamber 18 under the cartridge container 43, so that if the cartridge could be destroyed, its fragments would fall down under gravity and be closer to the heating source for better ignition .

The weapon may be equipped with an ammunition testing system before being placed in the receiver 98. This allows you not to use the ammunition channel with a known defective cartridge, or to install a system for removing defective ammunition from the receiver 98 beyond.

In the manufacture of cartridgeless cartridges, in order to reduce technological operations for remaking shells, minimal changes were made to the design of the shell - instead of a metal driving belt, a polymer driving belt 66 was used, equipped with a contact stopper in the form of a ring 68 or a segment cone 61, 67 and combustible electric wires 63 for the supply of electricity to the contacts of the electric igniter 95 propellant charge 43. Electrical wires burn when ignition propellant charge 43 in the chamber 12 and at the exit the projectile 42 from the barrel 6, when the hot propellant gases overtake the projectile 42.

To ensure the ability to feed the projectile 27 from the receiver 98 into the chamber 12, the projectile 27 is equipped with a stopper 61, 67 or 68, which may have a variety of designs for weapons used in various types of armed forces. So for aircraft machine-gun or cannon systems, it is important that when firing from the projectile 42 no elements such as pallets, cartridge elements, stoppers, etc. are detached, since at high speeds this is fraught with the fact that the aircraft can catch the separated element and suck it with a stream of air into the engine or damage the skin. Therefore, for aviation machine-gun or cannon systems, the cartridge is made without elements that can separate from the projectile. In this case, it is advisable to make a stop in the form of an elastic - metal retaining ring (Fig-7 / V, VI, VII), a polymer or metal segment cone 61 (Fig. 7 / I-III), or a metal segment sleeve 67 (Fig. 7 / Iv). The stoppers must provide electrical conductivity to the electric igniter 95 of the charge of the cartridge 43. For ground artillery systems, the stopper 68 (Fig. 7 / VI) can be made with a cut 70.

The stopper, made in the form of an elastic retaining ring 68 (Fig. 7 / V, VI, VII,), is at least one electrically conductive spring stop-stop split or continuous ring element having a section, mainly in the form of a circle, an oval , semi-or rectangle with beveled, or not beveled, or rounded corners, or made in any other geometric shape, or in a combination of types. The ring 68 is mounted in a transverse annular recess of the polymer driving belt 66 (Fig. 7 / V) on an elastic ring 69 made, for example, of silicone rubber and the like. The elastic base allows the ring 68 to protrude evenly over the surface of the driving belt 66 along its entire circumference, which increases the conditions for a better grip of the projectile 27. The free ends of the ring 68 are equipped with latches 71, which snap into place while passing through the threaded section 97 of the piston 20 and / or rifled barrel 6.

The protruding part of the barrel portion of the ring 68, when the projectile begins to move in the threaded section 97, is crimped by the conical entrance of its channel, as well as the barrel 13 so that the ring 68 is compressed, pressing against the shell of the projectile 27, and its ends come together, with the latch 71 equipped at the ends of the ring 68 enter one after another and snap into place and it becomes tightly recessed in the annular groove on the driving belt 66. The polymer leading belts, when passing through the bore, are riveted, increase in thickness and reliably compress ring 68 in ochke on both sides, preventing it pried, while providing obturation propellant gas and not generated in flight and aerodynamic resistance imbalance from uneven ring arrangement.

The locking elastic segment cone 61 (Fig. 7 / I, II, III) is equipped on the projectile leader 66 of the projectile 27 and is made (in the folded state) with a thickness mainly equal to the above-caliber height of the driving belt 66, which is made as part of the truncated cone, top which is directed towards the head of the projectile, and the angle of the segment cone is from 1 ° to 179 °, while the cone is evenly divided around the circumference by triangular or trapezoidal cuts into spring segments 61 formed between pairs of such times ezov which start from the outer diameter of the driving belt 66. The segments 61 are trough-shaped with a convexity outward to the folded outer diameter of the segments 61 is equal to or more than the diameter of the leading rib 66.

Segments 61, with trapezoidal cuts, are stacked each in its recess 65 between the ribs equipped in the recess 65 of the driving belt 66.

For triangular cuts, it is advisable to make the inner surface of segment 61 in the form of an edge or a triangular prism with a face so that they are directed towards the longitudinal axis of the projectile 27 in the folded position, and in the drive belt 66, make an annular recess 65 for folding folding segments 61 into it, the bottom of which position below the caliber of the projectile 27, and for each segment 61, make a bed, either equipped with a reciprocal recess for the rib, or in the form of a reciprocal triangular longitudinal channel, with the aim of tightly laying a ribbed or ismatic segment 61 for better adhesion of the folded segments 61 (Fig. 7 / II) with the driving device 66, which will provide better torque transmission from the grooves of the barrel 13, 6 and / or threaded section 97 to the leading belt 66, of which the folded section is segments 61. The upper (outer) ends of the segments 61 are made with a bevel, while the rear edge of the recess is equipped with a reciprocal bevel 64, which is a locking element for fixing the segments 61 (Fig. 7 / II) in the folded position and ensures their snap and lock.

The segment cone 61 can be made of either polymer or a strip of spring material (metal) and twisted into a ring so that the segments 61 are tilted back at an angle of 1-179 °, while the joint of the cylinder ring of the cone retainer allows it to be unclenched and installed to the prepared place on the leading belt 66 of the projectile by means of its expansion.

The segment washer 67 (Fig. 8 / IV) is made of a flat metal or polymer washer, the segments are equipped in the same way as on the segment cone 61.

The electrically conductive layer 62 on the segment 61 is separated from the mass of the projectile 27 by means of a polymer driving belt 66 and is the second contact for supplying an electrical impulse for the electric igniter 95 of the charge 25 of the cartridge.

The lower part of the segment cone 61, which rises above the diameter of the driving belt 66, should be thickened so that it can stop the projectile 27 in the inlet section 97 of the piston 20 in order to prevent it from slipping forward, but when the propellant is ignited, the pressure would press the segments 61 and , when entering the caliber part of the barrel 13, would fix the segments 61 in the annular recess 65.

To ensure the supply of an electrical impulse to the propellant igniter 95 of the cartridge, the outer surface 62 of the segments 61 is electrically conductive, and the conductivity can be achieved by spraying the electrically conductive layer 62 on the outer surface of the segments 61, or equipping them with electrically conductive plates 62, or making segments of electrically conductive material, or in a combination of methods.

For land and sea complexes, elements detached from the projectile during firing are not dangerous, therefore, the locking devices on these shells can be made in any form, which, having performed the task of fixing the projectile in capturing and transmitting an electrical impulse to the projectile’s electric igniter, after departure from the barrel separated from it, or burned, or fragmented and separated, or sprayed.

The presented design of the stoppers is chosen from those considerations that when developing shellless ammunition, shells that have already been worked out and manufactured by the industry with minor changes in the lead belt can be used. In this case, the landing of the stopper in the annular groove of the leading belt of the shell would be a simple technological operation.

The ignition of the propellant charge of the cartridge is carried out electrically. Because The weapon is intended for firing with an open bolt, it is possible to immediately enter the fuse detonation time into the cartridge, which is counted down by the timer from the moment of ignition of the propellant charge, and / or the projectile’s shock gap. The program processed by the firing control unit is transmitted to the projectile at the moment of feeding the cartridge 25 to the chamber 12. To enter the commands, the projectile fuse is equipped with a contact receiver of the commands received from the rod 83 (Fig. 10) of the pusher 82 along the conductors from contacts 89 during the capture of the cartridge 27 by the piston 20 when pulling it from the receiver 98 into the chamber 12.

The tendency to shift the spectrum of operations to urban operations, which position the mortar as the preferred weapon, requires weapons to be able to fire hinged trajectories, which will allow the use of fragmentation, lighting and special shells, mines, and at the same time maximize their amazing capabilities vertically oriented during an explosion fragmentation shell mines.

For firing hinged trajectories, the shellless cartridge contains a fragmentation mine-shell with a reduced propellant charge, or a standard amount of propellant, while the firing distance is controlled by an unloading valve 15 installed in any chamber of the chamber 12, which reduces the firing pressure and, thus, the firing range . To reduce the gyroscopic stabilization of fragmentation shells-mines fired along the hinged path, in order to ensure that the head part of the shell-mines follows the path and to ensure stability of ballistic indicators, as well as cumulative shells fired along the flat path, the shells are equipped with an obturator floating belt (instead of a leading belt 66, Fig. 7) made of a material with a low coefficient of friction (for example, from fluoroplastic compositions), with the possibility of sliding rotation in the front groove of the projectile 27, designed to install the leading belt 66. When the projectile 27 moves along the leading section of the barrel 6 when fired, the obturator sliding belt will rotate under the influence of cutting, but the projectile 42 (Fig. 3) will go straight with minimal rotation. To reduce rotation on an externally ballistic trajectory, the projectile 42 is equipped with a revealing over-caliber, or rigid caliber, or under-caliber plumage, the feather planes of which are installed to the longitudinal axis of the projectile 42 in any way: parallel, perpendicular, tilting in the opposite direction or in the direction of the cuts, or in a combination of methods . In combination with the hemispherical shape of the head of the fragmentation shell-mine, which increases the aerodynamic resistance to its movement, and actively counteracts the rotation of the shell-mine with the stabilizer feathers, which reduces its gyroscopic stabilization, this will force it to follow the head part downwards on the descending section of the trajectory, which, in turn, , will increase the effectiveness of the action of damaging elements during the trajectory detonation of a shell-mine.

With trajectory blasting, the hemispherical warhead provides a hemispherical equally dense fragmentation field.

In case of shock blasting, the hemispherical shape of the head part creates a greater initial resistance when introduced into the soil than the sharp-headed vivid or conical shape and, therefore, ensures the speed and reliability of the inertial shock mechanism of the bottom fuse.

The propellant charge ignition system of the 25th cartridge can be made in several ways.

1. Contact method (Fig. 3):

- by means of an electrical impulse, which can be supplied inside the cartridge 43 to the electric igniter charge through the contacts of the projectile 42.

- touching a container with a propelling charge with a heated object.

2. In a contactless manner by:

- high-frequency currents, which will heat up the electrowelling and / or ferromagnetic inclusions in the powder charge 43 and ignite it;

- high voltage, which will produce a breakdown by a spark of the air gap between the container 43 of the cartridge and the chamber 12;

- a radio signal that will give a command to close the fire network of the igniter 95 powered by a micro-battery or micro-capacitor;

- laser;

- squib;

3. The combined method in which the ignition of the cartridge by a combination in a different combination of ignition methods is possible.

The cartridge can be equipped with a security system, including a contact group 80, installed in the Central channel of the rear end of the container 25, the walls of which are equipped with contacts 89 for transmitting commands from the rod of the pusher 83 to the actuator trajectory fuse. The central channel of the container 25 is closed by a film 81, which, when the cartridge is fed into the chamber 12, breaks through the rod of the contactor 83 and closes the electroflamer network 96 of the cartridge by moving the elastic sleeve 94 equipped with a contact closure to contacts 80, allowing the electric impulse to be transmitted to the electric igniter 95 of the propellant charge 25 only when the cartridge is in the chamber.

Moving the moving elements of the weapons automation mechanisms is carried out mainly by an electric drive: electromagnets, electric cylinders, electric motors and / or stepper motors, for which the accuracy of movement is quite high and they do not need final position sensors.

The ammunition system (not shown), contains a feed mechanism drive, at least one ammunition channel, an ammunition belt, ammunition packaged in magazines and / or ammunition belts, ammunition boxes, sleeves and boxes, receiver 98, pusher 77, feeder, at least one ammunition channel or sleeve.

The pusher of the cartridge 82 (Fig. 10) is designed to push the cartridge 25 towards the piston 20 in order to prevent it from being unprotected by a sharp jerk when tightened into the chamber 12. It works as follows. When the piston 20 exits the chamber 12 to capture the cartridge 25, it pushes the lower arm of the lever 92 in the direction “a” by means of a rod 93 connected to the return 9 or piston 7, and the upper arm 87 acts on the piston 85, which compresses the spring feed 84. In this case, the pusher 82 is fixed to the latch 88 by an electromagnetic lock 91. When the piston 20 reaches the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25, which is located in the receiver 98 on the supply line, he pushes it to the “G-G” line, while the electric latch 91 is turned off and releases the latch 88 of the pusher 82. Next, the piston 20, having consumed a movement impulse, it begins to move under the action of the return spring 11 into the chamber 12 together with the captured projectile 27 of the cartridge 25, while the compressed spring 84 of the pusher 82 is unclenched and thereby the pusher 82 pushes the cartridge 25 from the rear, giving it a momentum of movement and preventing it from being jerked the piston 20 at the initial stage of acceleration. After a little support of the cartridge 25 with the pusher 82, the cartridge 25 moves away from the pusher 82, the spring 84 of the pusher 82 is fully unclenched and the sleeve of the pusher 82, having rested the piston 85, stops from moving in front, and then, under the action of the piston 85 moving back, the pusher 82 moves backward. because the return sleeve 9, when moving forward, pulls the rod 93 connected to the lower shoulder of the lever 92 already in the opposite direction - in the direction of arrow “b”, and by means of the upper shoulder 87 of the lever the piston 85 pulls the push rod and the push rod 82 back. Upon reaching the initial position, the latch 88 of the pusher 82 is fixed by an electric latch 91.

The cartridge pusher is equipped with an electromagnet 86 with a contactor rod 83, whereby during the movement of the cartridge 25 back to the “G-G” line under the action of the piston 20, the contactor rod 83 extends into the rear central channel 90 of the cartridge 25 with a breakthrough of the protective film 81, while it shifts the elastic contact disk 94 forward and closes the contacts 80 of the electrof ignition circuit 96 of the cartridge 25, while a contact time signal 83 is transmitted to the contact 89 through the contactor rod 83 to trigger the self-liquidator timer of the projectile 27, thereby providing etsya undermining its trajectory.

The weapon can be equipped with a 1 ... 5-channel combined ammunition supply system - the five feeding sections of the ammunition feed channels are placed at 72 ° relative to one another, while the ammunition can be fed in several ways - through at least one detachable magazine and / or at least one cartridge strip, moreover, when feeding tape cartridge cartridge can be fed from either one side or from five sides at once. Moreover, in each channel of ammunition can be the same type of ammunition. Queuing of different types of ammunition is ensured by the selection of cartridges from each ammunition channel. Thus, the shooter can use the most convenient and suitable for the intended conditions of use method of supply of cartridges.

Weapon ammunition system is not considered in this invention.

The receiver tube 4 and the cylindrical body - 46 of the shock-absorbing device, including its end walls 2, 49, are equipped with holes or perforated for the free passage of air to cool the barrel when moving the piston washer 7 and the return sleeve 9 during firing.

The polymer lead belt 66 (Fig. 7) also provides heat resistance and survivability of the barrel 13, preliminary screw cutting of the leading belt with a threaded section 97 of the piston 20, which is a continuation of the cutting of the leading part of the barrel 13, 6, and performing the main work of forming grooves on the leading belt from the rifling fields, as well as the operation of the piston 20 for pumping air into the chamber 12 and the barrel 13, 6 when conducting automatic firing. The cooling of the piston 20 can be carried out by a jet of cooling medium during its movement in the area from the shutter to the projectile 27 and vice versa. It is possible to equip the Arms with a compact water cooling system (not shown), the channels of which are equipped in the barrel 6, 13 and / or chamber 12. It is also possible to inject water onto the inner walls of the chamber 12, the vapors of which will be pushed by the piston 20 into the barrel 13, 6 when tightened the next cartridge in the chamber 12.

The weapon works as follows.

The principle of operation of automation is based on the drive of the mechanisms by a gas engine, which is a working chamber formed by the inner walls of the gas accumulator 14, the narrowing channel 39, the barrel 13 and the piston 20, and the forward movement of the piston 20 is carried out under the influence of a return spring 11, and back - under the action pressure propellant gases stored in the gas accumulator 14 during the shot.

The initial platoon of weapons is carried out in any way: manually, by electric drive, by the pressure of gases (for example, nitrogen, air, squib) supplied to the gas battery 14, or in a combination of methods.

To platoon a Weapon (with single-channel ammunition), it is necessary to move the piston 20 to the "G-G" position, while loading the Weapon can be carried out as follows:

- without capturing the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25, after which the piston 20 becomes in position "BB" by squeezing the piston washer 7 on the line "in" the squeezing spring 40 in the pre-gripping position of the projectile 27 when releasing the latch 37 (Fig. 1).

- with the capture of the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25, after which the piston 20 returns to position "BB" by returning the piston washer 7 to position "BB" return spring 11 (Fig. 3).

- with the capture of the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25, after which the piston 20 remains in the "G-G" position by holding the squeeze spring 40 in the compressed position by the electric lock 37 and holding the return sleeve 9 with the compressed return spring 11 by the electric lock 10 (a position similar to Fig. 5) .

In case of multi-channel ammunition with selection of the type of ammunition, when the Weapon is cocked, the piston 20, after being installed on the “G-G” line, returns to the “B-B” line without capturing the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25. Its return to the pre-gripping position “B-B” it is carried out by squeezing the piston washer 7 onto the “c-in” line by the squeezing spring 40 and by releasing the latch 37. For firing, the munition of the selected type must be installed in the receiver 98, after which the electrofixer 37 releases the piston washer 7 and it moves to the “G” position -G ", captures the projectile 27 cartridge 25, Sun avshy in the feeder, then the retainer 10 osvobozhdet bush 9 and return it, under the action of the return spring 11 retracts the holder 25 into the chamber 12, valve flaps 21 are closed, then through a shell 42 supplied electrical pulse for igniting the electric igniter 95 -proiskhodit shot.

To reduce the mass of mechanism connections, the shot process is controlled by sensors, the data from which is processed by the firing control unit and gives the command to the actuators to perform one or another action. To reduce recoil, a muzzle brake 1 was used. If the Weapon has a multi-channel power system or the weapon has been warmed up with previous shots, then firing can mainly be carried out with an open bolt, and with single-channel ammunition, the first shot can be fired with a closed bolt.

The projectile is as follows.

Shell 42, 27 (Fig. 3, 7, 11) and its stopper 37 work as follows. Before the shot, the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25 is installed in the receiver 98, then the capture 28 is pulled over it, the projectile 27 enters the inlet of which and rests with the ramp of the front section of the driving belt 41 into the threaded section 97 of the capture 28. The projectile 27 cannot move in the capture 28: forward - due to the stop in the threaded section 97 of the piston 20, and back due to the stop of the stopper 37 against the stop wall of the gripper 28. In this case, the stop 37 on the belt 41, when passing through the hole of the gripper 28, centers the projectile 27 relative to the bore 7.

During the shot, the fire control unit selects the next ammunition, which can be any cartridge from any ammunition channel 24 or 26 and the cartridge feed mechanism moves the next cartridge 25 to the loading line.

Extraction in combat conditions, mainly (extraction and removal of a muzzle cartridge or unloading of weapons) is not carried out, because the misfire cartridge is forcibly ignited in the chamber by heating 37 conductive or ferromagnetic inclusions in the propellant charge of the inductor or magnetron 37. But the Weapon automation circuitry allows you to remove the cartridge from the piston 20 manually, by partially disassembling the piston 20 into two (for example, equal longitudinal) parts extension to the "GG" position and the recess of the cartridge from the grip.

In the chamber 12 during the shot, the following phenomena occur. The piston 20 and the cartridge 43 drawn into the chamber 12 are stopped in the combustion chamber 18 of the chamber 12 in the “B-B” position. Then, an electrical impulse is supplied to the electric igniter of the cartridge 43 and it ignites with the formation of high pressure gases of a burnt propellant charge, which press in all directions, including on the end surface of the piston 20 from the bolt side, while high pressure and friction of the moving projectile 15 in the threaded section 97, the piston 20 is forced to move forward to the line "A-A", and the piston sleeve 7 connected to it by the rods 8 also moves to the line "a-a" and compresses the wave damping spring 3, the narrowing channel 38 is opened for the overflow of pressure of high-pressure gases from the combustion chamber 18 to the gas accumulator 14. After equalizing the pressure in the gas accumulator 14 and the combustion chamber 18 of the chamber 12, the gripping spring 5 is elastic by acting on the piston washer 7 , moves the piston 20 again to the “B-B” position, and the projectile 42, moving along the barrel 6, reduces the pressure of the propellant gases in the barrel 6 and the combustion chamber 18. And since the pressure in the gas accumulator 14 remains high, it begins to bias the piston 20 in the direction of the shutter. So that the pressure in the gas accumulator 14 does not go into the barrel 13, the piston 20 is made with a cylindrical extension, which is a valve that locks the barrel 13 from leakage of gases into it. The piston 20, when moving backward, pulls back the return sleeve 9, which compresses the return 11 and the release spring 40. The return sleeve 9 is kinematically connected (with a mechanical drive) to the shutter drive mechanism, and unlocks the shutter, freeing up space for the piston 20 to exit chamber 12 to capture another projectile 27 of cartridge 25.

The cycle of the proposed weapon consists of the following operations.

With multi-channel ammunition before the shot, the necessary springs are charged - return 11, release 40, the fixation of the electric fixators 10, 37, 40, 91 is turned on, the projectile type is selected (automatically or manually), the firing trigger is pressed, after which the following processes occur:

1. the piston 20 is installed in the pre-gripping position "BB" (Fig. 1);

2. the filing of the selected type of cartridge in the receiver 98 to the charging line;

3. the extension of the piston 20 to the position "GG" and the capture of the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25 (Fig. 2, 6);

4. feeding the cartridge 25 into the chamber 12 - moving the piston 20 with the cartridge from the position "GG" to the position "BB" (Fig. 3);

5. locking the chamber and the beginning of the filing of the cartridge 25 or 28 in the receiver 98 to the loading line;

6. shot (Fig. 4);

7. the movement of the piston 20 in position "aa";

8. projectile departure 15;

9. the movement of the piston 20 to the position "BB";

10. release of propellant gas by an unloading valve 15;

11. unlocking the locks 38 and opening the shutter wings 21;

12. setting the cartridge 25 in the receiver 98 on the loading line;

13. release of propellant gas through the window of the gas outlet channel 29;

14. opening the shutter dampers 23;

15. the extension of the piston 20 to the position "GG" and the capture of the projectile 27 of the cartridge 25 (Fig. 5, 6) and the repetition of operations from p. 3.

After the end of the first firing cycle, with the shutter button pressed, the weapon continues to work out the following firing cycles until the button is released, i.e. if the supply of electricity in a certain sequence to the electric clamps of the Weapon systems does not stop, then the supply of cartridges to the receiver is continuous, and the cycles are repeated one after another, thereby firing a burst.

If during firing a cartridge comes into contact that will misfire, it is ignited by heating an inductor or magnetron 36 of ferromagnetic or electrically conductive inclusions, which are mainly in the outer layer of the propellant charge. In this case, a shot occurs and the work of the Weapon automation continues.

To stop firing, the supply of electricity to the electromagnetic lock 10 of the return washer 7 and the power supply mechanisms is stopped. At the same time, the last cartridge located in the receiver is shot and the Weapon mechanisms stop in the position of their units, which was before firing, starting from step 1. At the same time, the cartridge is not fed into the receiver 98. The piston 20, reaching the extreme rear position "GG", and without capturing the cartridge, under the action of the squeezing spring 40 returns to position "BB", which compresses the gripping spring 5, holds the piston 20 in this position (Fig. 1) .

When fired, the propellant gases generated in the chamber 12 push the projectile 42 forward, but some of the gases pass through the narrowing channel 39 of the chamber 12 into the gas accumulator 14. After the projectile 42 leaves the barrel 6, high pressure of the propellant gases remains in the gas accumulator 14, and in the combustion chamber 18, the pressure drops, because gases freely escape into the atmosphere either through the barrel 6 or the discharge valve 15, or, when the shutters 21 open, through the window of the gas outlet channel 29. In this case, high-pressure powder gases concentrated in the gas accumulator 14 press on the front surface of the piston 20 and push it back but it is held in the narrowing channel 39 from moving forward by the lock 38. A pressure sensor (for example, a strain gauge) mounted on the barrel 6 determines the decrease in voltage from the shot pressure in the material of the barrel 6 and gives a command to open the lock 38 and tvorok shutter 21. The piston 20, overcoming the resistance of the return spring 11, goes beyond the chamber 12 and bumps into the projectile 27, which enters its capture 28 and stops there.

The consequence of the introduction of a sleeveless cartridge, with the supply of an electrical impulse for electric ignition through a projectile equipped with a polymer driving belt with a stopper, was a constructive simplification of the weapon automation circuit, since the possibility of automatic fire is realized with the almost complete exclusion from the design of gas pipes, massive moving parts, including and the barrel and bolt, which is the potential for increasing the accuracy and accuracy of fire of the Weapon, reducing its overall dimensions, increasing the initial velocity of the projectile, etc. Electric ignition makes it possible to program a projectile fuse, test cartridges before firing for proper operation, use digital technologies to protect against unauthorized use of weapons, and simplify weapon safety systems and increase their reliability. The implementation of reloading by means of an internal piston allows you to abandon the receiver.

Electric ignition of a projectile explosive charge of a cartridgeless cartridge differs fundamentally from capsule initiation in that it is possible to control the rate of fire and the number of shots in a queue, there is no bulky and slowly working extraction and impact mechanisms, and there are no vibrations from the movement of parts of the percussion mechanism.

The technical result from the implementation of the invention is to increase the provision of high stabilization of the axis of the weapon during firing, to increase the coefficient of technical excellence, combat effectiveness and versatility of the cannon and / or rifle complex.

The above construction of “Automatic weapons with an internal piston for a cartridgeless case” is the full version, but for the specific purposes of using the Weapons, it is possible to implement a simplified version of its design when it is incomplete without any systems, groups or elements and / or parts in groups, systems and / or nodes. The Weapon diagram is shown in principle and is a general illustration, which has great variability of the specific performance of parts, assemblies, mechanisms and the sequence of their work. The shown scheme of work is not a limitation for the application of other technical solutions that can be used in practice, without violating the main idea of the invention.

Claims (37)

1. An automatic weapon with an internal piston for a sleeveless cartridge, comprising: groups - barrel, piston, bolt; systems - automation, ammunition, cooling; the chamber, for installing a sleeveless cartridge, the leading and / or obturating belt of the shell of which is equipped with at least one stopper, characterized in that the piston group contains springs: return, gripping, squeezing; thrust and piston washers; return sleeve; a gas engine piston installed in the chamber and connected by at least one rod passing through the front wall of the chamber to the piston washer; and may contain at least one damping spring; the chamber consists of two chambers - a gas battery and a combustion chamber, separated by a narrowing channel. 2. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt comprises at least one leaf, which is a two-arm lever swinging on the axis, one shoulder of which is a persistent shoulder, passing into the shutter leaf, the other shoulder is an opening shoulder and bent over relative to the stubborn shoulder at an angle restricting the opening of the sash; the persistent shoulder of the two-shouldered lever of the sash is equipped on the outside with a slide, and on the inside facing the chamber, it is equipped with gear persistent engagement interacting with the reciprocal gear persistent gear equipped on the outside of the chamber; on the shoulders of the lever moves, under the action of the drive, the drive roller and / or slider mounted on a movable clamp structure, while the shutter is equipped or not equipped with a shutter. 3. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the shellless shell projectile installed in the chamber of the weapon is equipped with a leading and / or obturating belt containing an elastic stopper, which is made either in the form of at least one ring or a flat segmented washer and mounted perpendicular to the axis of the projectile in the groove of the girdle, or in the form of a segmented cone equipped around the circumference of the leading and / or obturating girdle or installed in its groove, while the outer diameter of the stopper protrudes beyond the diameters of the leading and / or obturator the ruling belt and the entry shell hole capture. 4. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel group comprises a shock-absorbing device including a cylindrical body with end walls equipped with central holes and mounted on a barrel section equipped with a brake sleeve; inside the housing there are rolling and sliding disc springs installed with emphasis in the end walls and in the barrel brake sleeve separating them, or installed freely without emphasis. 5. The weapon according to claim 2, characterized in that the toothed gearing comprises at least one tooth whose profile is made in a triangular or trapezoidal shape, while the working side of the tooth profile has a profile with an angle of inclination of 3-15 °, non-working the side of the profile is made with an angle of 30-70 °, or the profile of the tooth is made in a rounded or curved shape, or in a combination of shapes. 6. The weapon according to claim 5, characterized in that the longitudinal channel of the piston comprises a constriction in which a threaded section and a grip are equipped. 7. A weapon according to claim 6, characterized in that the capture comprises two successively equipped grooves in the form of an inlet and a holding cone, the vertices of which are directed along the axis of the barrel towards the muzzle end; the input capture cone is made open, in the narrow part of which a hole is equipped with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the elastic projectile stopper; the gripping holding cone is equipped with a cone base, which is a stop wall for the stopper, while its inner surface is equipped internally with a fully or partially electrically conductive surface to which the power supply is connected; the holding cone in its narrow part is connected to the threaded section. 8. A weapon according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the threaded portion of the piston is equipped with helical rifling, which has its continuation in the barrel. 9. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel group comprises a barrel equipped with a muzzle device in the form of a muzzle brake, and / or a compensator, and / or a localizer, a thrust and / or brake washer, while the barrel is divided into a lead and a guide parts, the latter is installed in the chamber and is equipped or not equipped with an extension limiter. 10. The weapon under item 1, characterized in that the piston is made detachable in the longitudinal plane, at least in two parts. 11. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber of the chamber is equipped with a magnetron or a heating inductor. 12. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is equipped with at least one discharge valve installed in the gas accumulator and / or in the combustion chamber, and is made like kingston. 13. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the narrowing of the chamber is equipped with at least one lock. 14. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer side of the chamber there is a gear toothed gear for the shutter flaps. 15. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the propellant explosive of the cartridge installed in the chamber of the weapon contains, at least in the outer layer, ferromagnetic and / or electrically conductive inclusions ignited by high and / or ultrahigh frequency currents. 16. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the caseless ammunition container installed in the chamber of the weapon is equipped with an opening closed with a film and equipped with an internal contact group for closing the contacts of the electrically conductive ignition network and / or programming the projectile fuse. 17. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge container is mounted to the combustion chamber of the chamber with an air gap without touching its walls. 18. Weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric pulse to the electric igniter propellant charge of the cartridge enters through the body and the stopper of the projectile. 19. The weapon under item 1, characterized in that the stopper ring is split or continuous and has a cross section, mainly in the form of a circle, oval, semi-oval or rectangle with beveled, or not beveled, or rounded corners, or made in any other geometric form, or in a combination of species. 20. The weapon according to claim 19, characterized in that the stopper ring is mounted in the groove of the driving and / or obturating belt on an elastic and / or elastic substrate, for example, on a ring of silicone rubber. 21. The weapon according to claim 3, characterized in that the surface of the segmented cone or segmented washer is divided by means of triangular or trapezoidal cuts into segments, which are made in the form of figures evenly spaced around the circumference with mainly parallel lateral edges and with a rounded outer edge corresponding to the maximum diameter of the thrust wall of the holding cone of the piston grip. 22. The weapon according to claim 3 or 21, characterized in that the stopper segments are made with a groove-shaped cross section with a bulge directed to the head of the projectile. 23. A weapon according to claim 3 or 21, characterized in that the apex of the stopper segment cone is directed towards the head of the projectile, and the angle of the segment cone solution is from 1 ° to 179 °. 24. The weapon according to claim 3, characterized in that a cylindrical groove is made on the leading belt behind the stopper segments, into which the segments pressed against the leading belt are laid when the guide and / or leading part of the barrel and / or rifled piston section passes; the back wall of the groove is equipped with a protrusion, which is a locking element, by means of which the pressed segments are fixed in the groove, while the depth and profile of the groove provides the nominal diameter of the leading and / or obturating belt when laying segments in it. 25. A weapon according to claim 19, characterized in that the stopper in the form of a ring and / or washer is configured to engage their ends in a compressed state when entering the barrel and / or into a threaded section of the piston by the following methods: equipment on the ends of the stopper of the interacting latches fixing the latches at the ends of the stopper in the deformed walls of the groove of the driving belt in the barrel, or in a combination of methods. 26. Weapons according to claim 1, characterized in that the automation elements include a return, holding, gripping springs, electric fixators, step electric motors, at least one pressure and / or deformation sensor, cartridge electroflame system, ammunition management system. 27. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt of the bolt group is made wedge-shaped, equipped with a grip of the shut-off damper, which interacts by magnetic coupling and / or mechanical engagement, while the shutter is equipped with a shutter. 28. Weapon according to claim 2, characterized in that the bolt group comprises a shutter, a shutter, a shutter drive, two curtains mounted on two opposite sides of the breech slice, at least one gas vent window connected to the gas duct, movably installed between the curtains at least one cut-off damper. 29. The weapon according to p. 27, characterized in that the movably installed at least one cutting shutter moves in a plane parallel to the movement of the wedge under the action of its capture, which synchronously with the opening of the shutter, by lowering the wedge, closes the chamber opening to the middle, and after reaching the middle of the chamber, the wedge and the shut-off valve are disconnected, freeing the chamber opening, while the shut-off valve moves upward under the action of its return spring, and the wedge moves downward under the action of the shutter actuator . 30. Weapons according to claim 2 or 27, characterized in that the shutter obturator contains at least one elastoplastic plate located by an interlayer on the bolt from the chamber side, having geometric dimensions exceeding the area of the chamber’s internal opening in three or four dimensions, as established according to the geometry of its working plane, and closed on the chamber side by a slab having the possibility of limited displacement along the chamber axis from the shot pressure. 31. A weapon according to claim 2 or 27, characterized in that organosilicon rubber is used as the elastoplastic plate of the obturator. 32. Weapon according to claim 2, characterized in that the shutter valve shutter is made in the form of complementary elements of the labyrinth seal, equipped at the end face of the perimeter of the inlet of the chamber, the shutters and the joint junction of adjacent shutters when the shutter is equipped with two shutters. 33. A weapon according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable clamping structure for the rollers is made in the form of two parallel strips mounted on both sides of the chamber, interconnected by means of crossbars. 34. The weapon according to claim 4, characterized in that the hole for the barrel, made at least in one, mainly, the front end wall of the cylindrical body, is equipped with a centering barrel sliding sleeve. 35. The weapon according to claim 4, characterized in that the set of plates of at least one disk spring is made with a progressive increase in the compression force of the spring. 36. A weapon according to claim 4, characterized in that the cylindrical body of the shock-absorbing device is connected to the receiver tube. 37. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the return and / or gripping springs are made in the form of wave springs with a progressively increasing force drawn in.

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