EA007440B1 - Automatic device for shooting weapon of light, average and heavy calibre - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the automatic shooting weapon and can be used in the Armed Forces and other power structures.The purpose of the invention is to establish a constructively new weapon scheme allowing to sharply increase range of a shooting effect on the enemy.It may be achieved by applying a mechanism for dynamic performance of weapon parts to the constructive assembly scheme based on the use of power of gases kicked off from the barrel channel. This mechanism is rigidly connected to the breechblock frame with rack pinion (chain or cable) reciprocating mechanisms. The breechblock frame constructed in a special way makes it possible to toughly block up the barrel together with the breechblock where support elevators are set into on the cylindrical basis. The use of enhancements in the percussion and trigger mechanism by applying the trigger frame make it possible to fire both in a single and an automatic manner.In making a shot by means of such a new automatic device for light, average and heavy caliber, offered in the invention, there appears concentration of power of powder gases to make a bullet accelerated that excludes:1) in submachine-guns - loss of power to impart dynamics to performance of free and half free breechblocks by toughly blocking up the barrel channel;2) in tommy-guns - powder gas withdrawal to reload before the bullet leaves the barrel channel and to put in action weapon automated mechanisms after the gas effect on the bullet on inside the barrel due lo the power of kicked off powder gases making effect on the mechanism, which provides the breechblock movement forward-backward through the reciprocating mechanism.This will allow:- to increase the initial bullet speed: to use the power of moving component of the device towards the opposite side of the kick for its compensation, and this is likely to result in the increase of the accuracy of weapon hits;- to improve the efficiency of ammunition available;- to reduce weapon weight due to optimization of the assembly scheme.

Description

The invention relates to the category of automatic small arms and can be used in the armed forces and other security forces.

On the basis of this invention, it is possible to create automatic pistols, rifles, machine guns, machine guns, including large-caliber ones, as well as automatic guns of caliber up to 30 mm.

Improvement of small arms goes along the lines of creating new automatic weapon systems based on the well-known principles of automation. One of these principles is the use of energy ejected from the bore of the powder gases. Attempts to use this principle are made in the Russian Federation.

A known device (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2046265, CL E41L 5/18, 1995) is a gas engine with gas exhaust from the muzzle of the barrel, which contains a muzzle, a gas outlet and a gas cylinder with a piston. The muzzle is equipped with a gas stopper with a cutout installed with the possibility of rotation and overlapping of the gas outlet channel after the bullet.

The disadvantage of such a weapon is that it has a mechanism for blocking the output channel with a plug, which must open and close the channel in order to direct the powder gases to the gas exhaust devices, and if the channel does not open when firing, the mass of causes exists (pollution, sintering when heated) the subsequent bullet will simply destroy the front of the weapon. Such a weapon is not safe for shooting.

The closest to the claimed invention is a pistol (RF Patent No. 2156938, class E41L 9/00, E41C 3/00, E41L 5/18, 2000), which contains a fixed barrel with a receiver, a receiver cover, a frame, a movable slide frame interacting with the bolt, sighting device with a sight block, return mechanisms with guide rods and return springs, trigger mechanism with a trigger, sear, cartridge feeder, cartridge feed channel.

The present invention sets forth the idea of using the energy of the emitted gases from the barrel bore to impart backward movement of the slide frame by creating barriers to the flow of powder gases with the expectation that, hitting the front wall of the gas chamber, the gases will turn and act on the slide frame piston and thereby causing it to move in the desired direction. And this is very problematic, since:

1) when studying in the prototype of the section (Fig. 2), the accumulation chamber in a device in a static position differs sharply from that shown in FIG. 3, although the explanation says that it is one and the same node, therefore, it casts doubt on the possibility of working at all;

2) the gas escaping from the barrel bore will cover a certain distance until the moment of full expansion in a compressed state, and therefore approximately 50% of the volume will fly out through the hole after the bullet, and the remaining part will be clearly not enough to perform the necessary work. The weapon, apparently, is designed for powder charge of a large volume, and this will make it cumbersome and will require the creation of new ammunition;

3) in addition, the existing prototype cannot perform the function of firing bursts, which significantly reduces its attractiveness as a modern melee weapon.

The task of the invention is the creation of a constructive new weapon system, which allows to dramatically improve the quality of its range of fire impact on the enemy by increasing the initial velocity of the bullet while improving the level of accuracy of the battle; reduced recoil rate; the introduction of a rational layout will reduce the weight of the weapon; improve the efficiency of existing ammunition.

This technical result can be achieved by the fact that a new automatic device for small, medium and large caliber small arms, including a barrel with a receiver, a receiver cover with an aiming device and a sight block, a bolt, a slide frame, return mechanisms with guide rods and return springs, trigger mechanism with trigger, sear, additionally has a mechanism for imparting dynamics to the parts of the weapon, consisting of a guide bushing, a supporting rear bushing, connected expansion chamber, the front part of which is made in the form of an auxiliary trunk, and the inner front part has a recess in contact with the guide sleeve, and the supporting rear sleeve is rigidly connected to the slide frame via a reciprocating mechanism, which can be a rack-and-pinion chain, chain or on cables, the bolt carrier with external and internal grooves is adapted to move along the external grooves along the projections of the receiver, and along the internal grooves - of the bolt, which is movably connected to the bolt The main frame, body of the striker, in the inner part of the bolt carrier are channels in which the thrusting larvae are located with the possibility of linear movement, which have a cylindrical support on the skeleton of the shutter, the trigger frame of the trigger mechanism is made of rigidly connected front plank, the left trigger bar of a single fire with a movable stop, the right bar of the automatic descent, which interacts with the self-timer lever, introducing and disengaging it with the slide frame.

In addition, in the expansion chamber is placed a spring on the barrel with a support on the guide sleeve and the rear support sleeve, and when firing used cassette-type rifle ammunition.

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In the proposed invention, "a new automatic device for small, medium and large caliber small arms", the energy of ejected gases from the barrel to make a slide frame movement reciprocating does the work with a direct flow of gas in a closed volume and having the ability to expand. This is achieved by embedding the expansion chamber in the design scheme, moving along the guide sleeve, supporting the rear sleeve in the direction of gas flow. These elements create a node that is rigidly connected to the slide frame through a reciprocating mechanism of a pinion gear type or chain type and on cables. The proposed design of the bolt carrier allows, in cooperation with the bolt, in which the thrusting larvae are mounted on cylindrical supports, to lock the stem tightly. The use of such a scheme will improve the performance of weapons and with the removal of powder gases from the barrel, such as the automatic machine VM. Kalashnikov (RF), M 16 rifle (USA), Galil (Israel), Setme (Spain), etc., the main disadvantage of which is that the bullet has not yet left the barrel, and through the hole in it the removal of powder gases, which leads to an abrupt change in pressure in the filling space in the direction of its reduction, and this will inevitably lead to a decrease in the initial velocity of the bullet, as approximately 150-200 mm and more bullet moves along the bore, overcoming friction resistance against the background of lowering speed and outflow gas.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 - appearance; FIG. 2, 3 - the general device parts and mechanism of the product; FIG. 4 - device reciprocating mechanism using a chain; FIG. 5 - the device of the reciprocating mechanism using a cable; FIG. 6 - cluster munition device.

Automatic submachine gun, machine gun contains receiver 1; stem 2; back support sleeve 3; guide sleeve 4; expansion chamber 5; lower slider 6; upper slider 7; gear axis 8; gear 9; support pad 10; bolts of the bolt 11; bolt carrier 12; the shutter 13; tenacious larvae (right, left) 14; hammerhead 15; ejector with axle and spring 16; body striker 17; the trigger frame 18; pivot lever axle sear self-timer 19; whispered 20; self-timer lever 21; fire mode switch 22; axle whispered 23; return mechanisms 24; rods of return mechanisms 25; return springs 26; support sleeves 27; trigger 28; trigger spring 29; trigger rod 30; trigger axis 31; fuse 32; the cover of the receiver with the sighting device and the block of sight 33; trigger guard 34; spring whispered 35; self-timer spring 36; focus of the trigger frame 37.

A new automatic device for small, medium and large caliber small arms includes a barrel 2 with a receiver 1, a receiver cover with an aiming device and a sight block 33, a shutter 13, a bolt 11, return mechanisms 24 with guide rods 25 and return springs 26, trigger mechanism with trigger 28, sear 20, handle with insert-in magazine for fire mode switch 22, self-timer lever 21.

The automatic device additionally has a mechanism for imparting dynamics to the operation of parts of the weapon, consisting of a guide sleeve 4, a supporting rear sleeve 3 connected by an expansion chamber 5, the front part of which is designed as an auxiliary trunk, and the inner front part has a recess in contact with the guide sleeve 4, supporting the rear hub 3 is rigidly connected to the bolt carrier through a reciprocating mechanism, which can be rack-and-step, chain or on cables, bolt 12 with external and the internal grooves are made to move on the external grooves along the projections of the receiver, and the internal grooves of the shutter 13, which is movably connected to the slide frame by the body of the striker 17, in the inner part of the slide frame there are channels in which the thrust larvae 14 are arranged for linear movement , which have a cylindrical support on the skeleton of the shutter 13, the trigger frame 18 of the shock trigger mechanism is made of rigidly connected front plate, the left trigger bar of a single lamp with a movable stop, right an automatic release trigger bar that interacts with the self-timer lever 21, engages and disengages it with the slide frame 12, the lower slider 6; upper slider 7; gear axis 8; gear 9; support pad 10; hammerhead 15; ejector with axle and spring 16; pivot lever axle sear self-timer 19; axle whispered 23; support sleeves 27; trigger spring 29; trigger rod 30; trigger axis 31; fuse 32; trigger guard 34; spring whispered 35; self-timer spring 36; focus of the trigger frame 37.

The automatic action of the weapon is based on the use of the energy of the release of powder gases from the bore.

When fired, the bullet moves along the barrel 2, passes the muzzle orifice and with its head enters the auxiliary barrel of the expansion chamber 5, as soon as the bottom of the bullet leaves the barrel 2, powder gases will rush into the space that will begin to put pressure on the front wall of the expansion chamber 5, forcing her to move forward. Moving forward along the guide sleeve 4, the expansion chamber 5 carries the supporting rear sleeve 3, which, having a rigid attachment to the lower slide 6, transmits through gear 9 the movement to the upper slide 7, which is rigidly fastened by the rods 11 to the slide frame 12, as it moves back slide frame 12 compresses the spring of the return mechanism 24, moves along the guide channel of the receiver 1; slide frame 12 removes the thrust larvae 14 from engagement with the stops of the receiver

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1, having reached the stop of the body of the striker 17, the slide frame carries the bolt 13 behind it, while simultaneously putting pressure on the trigger, causing it to pivot on its axis 31, compressing the spring 29. The bolt 13 is embedded in it by the ejector 16 and seizes the cartridge case from the breech trunk and continues to move back with the bolt carrier 12, when approaching the reflector, the cartridge case is extracted from the receiver 1, the bolt frame 12 under the influence of the pressure of powder gases and the acquisition of the kinetic energy of the expansion chamber 5 along Nost compresses the spring return mechanism 26, and at a time when the reaction force of the return mechanism 25 exceeds the force rollback of the bolt 12, the return springs 26 would send it forward. The bolt 12 will move the bolt 13 and the upper slider 7 forward, while the trigger 28, which has turned on its axis 31, engages with the sear gear 20, will remain in the cocked position.

Moving forward along the guide channel of the receiver 1, the bolt carrier 12 with the bolt 13 locks the cartridge from the magazine and sends it to the breech bore 2 along the chute. The upper slider 7, moving in the opposite direction, through the gear 9 acts on the lower slider 6. which returns the expansion chamber 5 to its original position. The bolt 12 with the bolt 13, moving along the guide channel of the receiver 1, leaves it and releases the stubborn larvae 14, the incidental bolt frame 12 with its wedge spreads the larvae 14 and firmly rests them against the combat stops of the receiver 1, the barrel 2 is locked.

When shooting with single shots, it is necessary to release the trigger after each shot so that the trigger frame 18 goes to the extreme forward position. This is necessary so that the stop of the left trigger bar of a single lamp 37 goes into a position from which he could produce pressure on the sear 20 in order to disengage it from the hook stop 28.

If it is necessary to fire automatically, the machine gun is loaded, and then by pressing the fire mode switch button 22 it is shifted to the right. At the same time, the ledge plate, moving to the right, enters the groove of the pivoting lever of the axis of the self-timer sear 19, thereby connecting it with the sear 20.

When fired, the right bar of the automatic release of the trigger frame, moving backwards, lifts the self-timer lever 21 against the forks of the pivoting lever of the axle to the axis 19 to the level of its interaction with the slide frame 12, while the emphasis of the single fire of the left trigger bar of the trigger frame 18 removes the sear 20 from the engagement with the trigger 28. Shot occurs. Since the trigger frame 18 remains in the rearmost position, the bolt carrier, after locking the bolt, presses the self-timer lever 21, which removes the sear from engagement with the trigger 28. The automatic fire continues for the entire period while the shooter keeps the trigger frame 18 in the rearmost position

In the production of a shot using the proposed in the invention of a new automatic device for small, medium and large caliber small arms, the energy of the powder gases is accelerated to disperse the bullet, eliminating

3) in machine pistols - the loss of energy to bring the dynamics to a free, semi-free gate, tightly blocking the barrel bore;

4) in automatic machines - removal of powder gases for reloading before the bullet leaves the barrel bore, and to activate the automatic weapon during the after-effects of gases on the bullet outside the barrel due to the energy of the ejected powder gases acting on the mechanism providing the movement of the bolt back and forth through the reciprocating mechanism.

This will allow

- increase the initial speed of the bullet;

- use the energy of the moving device node in the opposite direction of recoil to compensate for it, and this will inevitably lead to an increase in the accuracy of the weapon’s battle;

- to increase the efficiency of ammunition;

- reduce the weight of the weapon by optimizing the layout scheme.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. An automatic device for small, medium and large caliber small arms, including a barrel with a receiver, a receiver cover, with an aiming device and a sight block, a bolt, a slide frame, return mechanisms with guide rods and return springs, a trigger mechanism with trigger, sear, grip, magazine, characterized in that the automation device additionally has a mechanism for imparting dynamics to the operation of the parts of the weapon, consisting of a guide bushing, a supporting rear bushing, connected an expansion chamber, the front part of which is made as an auxiliary trunk, and the inner front part has a recess in contact with the guide sleeve, the supporting rear sleeve being rigidly connected to the slide frame through a reciprocating mechanism, the slide frame with external and internal grooves adapted to move on the external grooves on the projections of the receiver, and on the internal grooves - the shutter, which is movably connected to the slide frame by the body of the striker, in the inner part of the slide frame There are channels in which are located with the possibility - 3 007440 linear displacement thrust larvae, which have a cylindrical support on the skeleton of the shutter, the trigger frame of the trigger mechanism is made of rigidly connected front bar, left single bar trigger with a movable stop, right bar of automatic descent, which interacts with the self-timer lever, introduces and leads him into engagement with the bolt carrier. 2. Automation device for small, medium and large caliber small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that a spring is placed in the expansion chamber on the barrel, supported on the guide sleeve and the back support sleeve. 3. Automation device for small, medium and large caliber small arms according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that when shooting used cassette-type rifle ammunition. 4. Automation device for small, medium and large caliber small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating mechanism is made of a pinion gear, or chain, or on the cables.