RU2623127C2 - Small-weapon locking mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry and ammunition supplies.

SUBSTANCE: small-weapon locking mechanism comprises a bolt carrier, a slide, a pivoted arm and a block stop. The turnable connecting link is set at the locking lever end. The connecting link operating surface is arc-shaped made in the plan and corresponds to spun radial surface area, the radius of which is equal to a cylindrical stop radius. The operating surface works in with the cylindrical stop.

EFFECT: locking mechanism component wear reduction.

7 cl, 34 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to sliding semi-free bolts with pivoting levers.

Known automatic firearms (see, for example, US patent No. 2270683 with priority dated 12/14/1936 in class F41A 3/56). This weapon uses a locking mechanism containing a bolt, a bolt frame with a rotary single-arm lever mounted on it and an emphasis placed in the receiver. During the operation of this locking mechanism, the surfaces of the single-arm lever are linearly contacted with the stop and shutter, which at high operating pressures causes intense wear.

Known locking mechanism for automatic firearms (see, for example, US patent No. 2348790 with a priority of 12.12.1938, class F41A 3/56). This locking mechanism comprises a bolt frame, a bolt with a rotary two-arm lever mounted on it and an emphasis placed in the receiver. During the operation of this locking mechanism, the surfaces of the two shoulders of the lever linearly contact with the stop and the bolt frame, which at high working pressures causes intense wear.

Known locking mechanism for automatic firearms (see, for example, French patent No. 949973 with priority of 06.25.1947, class F41A 3/56). This locking mechanism comprises a bolt frame, a bolt with a rotary two-arm lever mounted on it and an emphasis placed in the receiver. The axis of the lever is a cylinder with a cut sector. The resulting rectangular surface serves to interact with the stop. Thus, the axis of the two shoulders of the lever is simultaneously its working end interacting with the emphasis. During the operation of this locking mechanism, the surfaces of the two shoulders of the lever also linearly contact the stop and the bolt frame, which at high operating pressures causes intense wear.

A small-caliber firearm is known with an auxiliary locking mechanism (see, for example, French patent No. 2568994 with a priority of 08/09/1984 in class F41A 3/56). This weapon uses a locking mechanism containing a bolt frame, a bolt with a rotary two-arm lever mounted on it and an emphasis placed in the receiver. An additional surface is made on the surface of the lever axis, which, when the lever is rotated, interacts with the surface of the additional projection of the stop. Thus, the contact area of the locking end of the two shoulders of the lever increases and the specific pressure decreases, but only at the brief moment of the shot. As soon as the bottom of the sleeve under the influence of powder gases begins to act on the shutter, the two-arm lever begins to rotate around its axis and the contact between the stop and the locking end of the lever becomes linear. There is a sliding surface of the locking end of the lever on the stop, which causes intense wear.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a locking mechanism for small arms, containing a bolt frame, bolt, pivot arm, and also a simple form stop in which the specific pressure on the locking elements would be minimized, and it would also be possible to avoid linear sliding interaction in the contact pair the end of the lever is an emphasis.

To do this, in the locking mechanism of small arms, containing the bolt frame, bolt, pivot arm and emphasis, an earring is mounted on the locking end of the lever, the working surface of which interacting with the cylindrical stop is made arcuate in plan and represents a portion of a concave cylindrical surface, whose radius is equal to the radius of the cylindrical stop.

For uniformity of the position of the earring relative to the lever when rolling the movable system until it meets the stop, the earring can have a rotation limiter, and a torsion spring is installed on the axis connecting the earring to the rotary lever, one of the working ends of which rests on the earring and the other on the lever.

Such an embodiment of the locking mechanism of small arms is possible when its pivot arm is single arm and mounted on a bolt frame. To exclude during operation of the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the one-arm lever and the shutter, a pushing roller can be mounted on the shutter on the shutter axis.

It is also possible such an embodiment of the locking mechanism of small arms, when its pivoting arm is double-armed and mounted on the bolt. To exclude during operation of the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the two shoulders of the lever and the slide frame at the end of the lever on the axis of the push roller can be installed.

To exclude during operation of the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the earring and the stop, the cylindrical stop can be made in the form of a roller mounted on the axis.

in FIG. 1 - movable system on a combat platoon (locking system with a one-arm rotary lever);

in FIG. 2 - 4 - the steps of rolling the mobile system;

in FIG. 5 - movable system in the extreme forward position, shot;

in FIG. 6-9 - stages of the rollback of the mobile system;

in FIG. 10 is a section AA in FIG. one;

in FIG. 11 is a section bB in FIG. one;

in FIG. 12 is a section BB in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 13 is a section GG in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 14 - one-arm swivel lever assembly with guide rollers and mounted earring

in FIG. 15 is a view D in FIG. 13;

in FIG. 16 is a cross-section EE in FIG. fifteen;

in FIG. 17 - movable system on a combat platoon (locking system with a two-arm rotary lever);

in FIG. 18-20 - the steps of rolling the mobile system;

in FIG. 21 - movable system in extreme forward position, shot;

in FIG. 22-25 - the steps of rolling back the mobile system;

in FIG. 26 is a section FJ in FIG. 17;

in FIG. 27 is a cross-section ZZ in FIG. 17;

in FIG. 28 - section II in FIG. twenty;

in FIG. 29 - two-arm swivel lever assembly with guide rollers and mounted earring

in FIG. 30 is a view K of FIG. 29;

in FIG. 31 is a view A of FIG. thirty;

in FIG. 32 - shutter;

in FIG. 33 is a view M of FIG. 32;

in FIG. 34 is a view H of FIG. 32

Consider two main options for the implementation of the presented locking mechanism of small arms.

Option 1

The locking mechanism of small arms contains a bolt frame 1 with a one-arm rotary lever 2 mounted on it, at the end of which an earring 3, a bolt 4 and a cylindrical stop 5 are mounted. The working surface of the earring 3 installed at the end of the one-shoulder lever 2, interacting with the stop 5, is a section a concave cylindrical surface, and its radius equal to the radius R ₁ R ₂ a cylindrical abutment 5. To eliminate the locking mechanism when the sliding between the contacting surfaces of the single-armed lever 2 and tightening ora 4 gate 4 on the axle can be installed pushing roller 6.

Option 2

The locking mechanism of small arms includes a bolt frame 1, a bolt 4 with a two-arm rotary lever 7 mounted on it, at the end of which an earring 3 is mounted, and a cylindrical stop 5. The working surface of the earring 3 mounted at the end of the two-shoulder lever 7, interacting with the stop 5, is a section a concave cylindrical surface, and its radius equal to the radius R ₁ R ₂ a cylindrical abutment 5. To eliminate skidding when operating locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the two-armed lever 7 and the shutter th frame 1, at the end of the lever on the shaft can be mounted pushing roller 6. For convenience of extraction lever 7 of the groove 4 when disassembling bolt weapons its axis can be displaced relative to the lever arm.

In all cases, to exclude during operation of the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the earring 3 and the stop 5 mounted on the locking end of the pivot arm, the cylindrical stop 5 can be made in the form of a roller mounted on the axis.

For uniformity of the position of the earring 3 relative to the lever when rolling the movable system until it meets the stop 5, the rotation limiter can be made on the earring 3 or, for example, in the case of the two-arm rotary lever 7, a locking groove 8 can be made in the shutter 4. On the axis connecting earring 3 with a rotary lever, a torsion spring 9 can be installed, one of the working ends of which rests on the earring 3, and the other on the lever.

For the joint movement of the shutter 4 and the bolt frame 1 when rolling until meeting the earrings 3 mounted on the locking end of the pivot arm with an emphasis 5, a U-shaped cross-sectional guide groove 10 can be made in the receiver, along which the mounted on the levers 2 or 7 guide roller 11.

In the variant with a two-arm rotary lever, the guide roller 9 can be installed coaxially to the pushing roller 6.

The joint movement of the shutter 4 and the bolt frame 1 during rollback will be carried out, for example, due to the interaction of the surface of the bolt frame 1 with the pushing roller 6.

The locking mechanism of small arms will be as follows.

Option 1

For example, consider a weapon firing from a rear sear with a firing pin fixed in the bolt (trigger not shown).

The shooter inserts the neck of the magazine with cartridges into the receiver’s receiving window, then, by the handle connected with the bolt frame 1, moves the movable system back to the stop and releases it. The mobile system stands on a combat platoon (see Fig. 1). When you press the trigger (not shown), the movable system under the influence of a pre-compressed return spring 12 begins to move forward to the chamber of the barrel 13 (see Fig. 2). In this case, the shutter 4 and the shutter frame 1 move as a whole. The guide roller 11 rolls along the chute 10, and the bolt frame 1 by the surfaces of the fixed lever 2 pushes the rollers 6 of the shutter 4. When moving, the lower edge of the shutter 2 removes the cartridge from the magazine and guides it through the cracker 14 into the chamber of the barrel 13. When meeting the working surface, mounted on the locking end of the one-armed lever 2, the earrings 3 with a stop 5 and the output of the guide roller 11 from the groove 10, the lever 2 is able to rotate around the axis O ₁ About ₂ . The bolt frame 1 gets the possibility of longitudinal displacement relative to the bolt 4, pushing the bolt 4 by the surfaces of the lever 2 through the roller 6, and the earring 3 pressed by its working surface to the cylindrical stop starts to rotate, twisting the spring 9. However, due to the possibility of rotation of the cylindrical stop 5, does not occur sliding of the working surface mounted on the locking end of the one-armed lever 2, the earring 3, which is a portion of a concave cylindrical surface, on the surface of the cylindrical stop 5, and CT between them, due to the equality of the radii R ₁ and R ₂ , is carried out over the area. In the contact pair of the earring - emphasis during operation, there is a fixed pairing of their working surfaces. That is, at the stage of contact of the working surface of the earring 3 and the cylindrical stop 5, made in the form of a roller, their working surfaces do not move relative to each other, but only rotate around the axis O ₃ O _{4 of the} cylindrical stop 5. When the movable system reaches its extreme forward position, the shutter hammer hits the cartridge capsule. A shot is taking place. The bullet begins to move along the barrel, and the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the cup of the shutter 4. In an effort to roll back in the direction opposite to the movement of the bullet along the barrel, the shutter 4, by means of pushing rollers 6, starts to transmit the force to the arms mounted on the bolt frame 1 of the lever 2. The lever 2 begins to rotate about its axis O ₁ O ₂ . Due to the difference in the shoulders, the recoil of the shutter 4 is inhibited due to the acceleration of the bolt frame 1. During the rollback, due to the possibility of rotation of the cylindrical stop 5, made in the form of a roller, the working surface of the earring 3, which is a portion of the concave cylindrical surface, does not slip over the surface of the cylindrical stop 5 , and the contact between them, due to the equality of the radii R ₁ and R ₂ , is carried out over the area, which significantly reduces the specific pressure on the locking elements and allows the earring to be fixed in the contact pair - sya fixed contact of their working surfaces during operation. That is, at the stage of contact of the working surface of the earring 3 and the cylindrical stop 5, their working surfaces do not move relative to each other, but only rotate around the axis O ₃ O _{4 of the} cylindrical stop 5. With further movement backward, the working surface of the earring 3 mounted on the end of the one-arm swivel the lever 2, comes out of contact with the surface of the cylindrical stop 5, the earring 3 is fixed relative to the lever 2 by the rotation limiter, the guide roller 11 of the lever 2 enters the groove 10 and the movable system begins to roll back to As a whole, thanks to the overclocked bolt frame 1. The rotation limiter of the earring can be made, for example, in the form of a protrusion on the earring, which when turning the earring relative to the lever has the possibility of abutment against the surface of the lever. When moving backward, a shot sleeve is also ejected into the extraction window, and when the trigger is released, the system is armed. When the trigger is pressed, the automation cycle is repeated until the cartridges in the magazine are used up.

Option 2

For example, consider a weapon firing from a rear sear, with a firing pin fixed in the bolt (trigger not shown).

The shooter inserts the neck of the magazine with cartridges into the receiver’s receiving window, then, by the handle connected with the bolt frame 1, moves the movable system back to the stop and releases it. The mobile system rises to a combat platoon (see Fig. 17). When you press the trigger (not shown), the movable system, under the influence of a pre-compressed return spring 12, begins to move forward to the chamber of the barrel 13 (see Fig. 18). In this case, the shutter 4 and the shutter frame 1 move as a whole. Mounted on a fixed two-arm rotary lever 7, the guide roller 11 rolls along the groove 10, and the bolt frame 1 pushes the roller 6 mounted on the lever 7 with its surface. Since the axis of the two-arm lever 7 is installed in the groove of the bolt 4, the pushing force from the surface of the bolt frame 1 is transmitted on the shutter 4 through the roller 6 mounted on the lever 7. During its movement, the lower edge of the shutter 2 removes the cartridge from the magazine and directs it along the cracker 14 into the chamber of the barrel 13. When meeting the working surface mounted on the locking to NCU double-arm lever 7, earrings 3 to 5, focusing and outlet guide roller 11 of the chute 10 the lever 7 is allowed to pivot around the axis O _5, O _6. The bolt frame 1 receives the possibility of longitudinal displacement relative to the shutter 4, pushing the shutter 4 through the roller 6 of the lever 7, and pressed by its working surface to the cylindrical stop, the earring 3 begins to rotate, twisting the spring 9. However, due to the possibility of rotation of the cylindrical stop 5, there is no sliding the working surface mounted on the locking end of the two shoulders of the lever 7, the earring 3, which is a portion of a concave cylindrical surface, on the surface of the cylindrical stop 5, and the contact between them, b agodarya equality radii R ₁ and R _2, is performed on the area. In the contact pair of the earring - emphasis during operation, there is a fixed pairing of their working surfaces. That is, at the stage of contact of the working surface of the earring 3 and the cylindrical stop 5, made in the form of a roller, their working surfaces do not move relative to each other, but only rotate around the axis O ₃ O _{4 of the} cylindrical stop 5. When the movable system reaches its extreme forward position, the hammer the shutter beats the cartridge capsule. A shot is taking place. The bullet begins to move along the barrel, and the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the cup of the shutter 4. In an effort to roll back in the direction opposite to the movement of the bullet along the barrel, the shutter 4, through the pushing rollers 6 of the lever 7, starts to transmit the force to the bolt frame 1. The lever 7 begins to turn around its axis O ₅ O ₆ . Due to the difference in the shoulders, the recoil of the shutter 4 is inhibited due to the acceleration of the bolt frame 1. During the rollback, due to the possibility of rotation of the cylindrical stop 5 made in the form of a roller, the working surface of the earring 3, which is a portion of the concave cylindrical surface, does not slip over the surface of the cylindrical stop 5, and the contact therebetween due to the equality of the radii R ₁ and R _2, is carried out on the area, which significantly reduces the specific pressure on the locking elements and allows a contact pair earring - finish abutment I fixed contact their working surfaces during use. That is, at the stage of contact of the working surface of the earring 3 and the cylindrical stop 5, their working surfaces do not move relative to each other, but only rotate around the axis O ₃ O _{4 of the} cylindrical stop 5. With further movement backward, the working surface of the earring 3 mounted on the end of the two-arm swivel the lever 7, comes out of contact with the surface of the cylindrical stop 5, the earring 3 is fixed relative to the lever 2 with a rotation limiter, made, for example, in the form of a groove 8 on the shutter 4, the guide roller 11 of the lever 7 enters the groove 10, and the movable system starts to be rolled back as a whole due to the overclocked bolt frame 1. When moving backward, the sleeve is also ejected into the extraction window, and when the trigger is released, the system is put into action. When the trigger is pressed, the automatic operation cycle is repeated until the cartridges in the magazine are used up.

Thus, the proposed structural embodiment of the locking system, in which the contact between the surfaces installed on the locking end of the lever, the earring and the stop is made over the area, due to the cylindrical shape of the contacting surfaces of the earring and the stop, whose radii are equal, can significantly reduce the specific pressure on the locking elements. And the possibility of rotation of the cylindrical stop, made in the form of a roller, allows the contact pair of the earring - stop to achieve fixed contact of their working surfaces during operation, that is, at the stage of contact of the working surface of the earring and the cylindrical stop, their working surfaces do not move relative to each other, but only rotate around the axis of the cylindrical stop.

Claims (7)

1. The locking mechanism of small arms, comprising a bolt frame, a bolt, a pivoting lever and an emphasis, characterized in that an earring is mounted on the locking end of the lever, the working surface of which interacting with the cylindrical emphasis is made arcuate in plan and represents a concave section a cylindrical surface whose radius is equal to the radius of the cylindrical stop. 2. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the earring has a rotation limiter, and a torsion spring is installed on the axis connecting the earring to the pivot arm, one of the working ends of which rests on the earring, and the other on the lever. 3. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pivot arm is single arm and mounted on a bolt frame. 4. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 3, characterized in that for excluding the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the one-armed lever and the bolt during operation, a roller is mounted on the bolt on the axis. 5. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pivot arm is two-armed and is mounted on a bolt. 6. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 5, characterized in that for excluding the sliding locking mechanism between the contacting surfaces of the two shoulders of the lever and the bolt frame during operation, a roller is mounted on the axis of the lever. 7. The locking mechanism of small arms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylindrical emphasis is made in the form of a roller mounted on the axis.

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