RU184495U1 - SEMI-FREE AUTOMATIC WEAPON SHUTTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to the design of semi-free bolts with swinging locking elements mounted on the bolt. The semi-free bolt of an automatic weapon contains sequentially installed larva 1 and skeleton 2, which can rotate and interact with the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1 and the emphasis 4 of the receiver 5. At the end of the skeleton 2, interacting with the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1, rollers 7 can be installed, and at the end interacting with the stop 4 - rollers 8. On the larva 1 can be installed rollers 9. The stop 4 of the receiver can be made in the form of a removable liner, and its working surface in the profile can be represented on like a straight line, a broken line, or a convex arc. The inclined surface of the larva 1 of the shutter, interacting with the end of the skeleton 2, in the profile can be represented as a straight line, a broken line or a concave arc.

The constructive implementation of a semi-free shutter in the form of sequentially installed larva 1 and skeleton 2, which has the ability to rotate and interact with the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1 and the stop 4 of the receiver 5, can significantly simplify the locking mechanism. 9 s.p. f-ly, 12 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, and in particular to the design of semi-free bolts with swinging locking elements mounted on the bolt.

A self-loading firearm is known (see, for example, the description of US patent for invention No. 1348733 with a priority of 07/30/1915), in which the half-free shutter is divided into two parts, the shutter larva and the shutter skeleton. When the larva comes to its extreme forward position, the surface of the still rolling shutter body rotates the back of the shutter larva down so that a gap of about 2 mm remains between its rear end and the stop of the receiver. When fired, the liner begins to press the shutter larva on the cup, which, in turn, begins to transfer it to the shutter skeleton. Having passed together a distance of 2 mm, the larva of the shutter abuts against the surface of the stop of the receiver, and the overclocked skeleton of the shutter continues to move. Having traveled about 5 mm, the shutter skeleton with its surface raises the back of the shutter larva, unlocking it, and they again continue to move together. The time interval between the beginning of the interaction of the end surface of the larva of the bolt with the surface of the stop of the receiver and its end is enough to extract the sleeve at a safe pressure in the barrel of the weapon. However, with such locking, direct transfer of energy from the larva to the skeleton occurs, which negatively affects the reliability of the locking mechanism.

The development of the locking mechanism described above can be considered technical solutions for patents for US inventions No. 1457961 with priority from 04/13/1921, USA No. 2052287 with convention priority from 02/10/1933, UK No. 631038 with convention priority from 07/15/1946 , and USA No. 2774283 with a priority of June 14, 1954, which have the same disadvantages as their progenitor.

Known firearms (see, for example, the description of the US patent for the invention No. 1464864 with priority of 09/27/1921) in which the half-free bolt is divided into two parts - the larva and the skeleton. The back of the larva is made with two inclined surfaces, one of which has the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the groove of the receiver, and the second with the corresponding inclined surface of the core. After the shot, the force from the bottom of the sleeve is transmitted to the larva, which, in an effort to roll away, begins to slide its thrust surface along the corresponding inclined surface of the groove of the receiver. In this case, the larva rotates and, sliding its second inclined surface along the corresponding inclined surface of the core, displaces it relative to itself. There is a redistribution of energy between the parts of the shutter. The larva slows down, and the skeleton accelerates. The disadvantages of this locking scheme include a small gear ratio, as well as sensitivity to friction conditions in the interaction pair “larva surface - receiver groove surface”.

Further development of this locking scheme can be considered technical solutions for US patents for inventions No. 2356726 with priority from 06/28/1940, No. 2365389 with priority from 04/04/1941, and No. 3998126 with priority from 09/03/1974, which are inherent the same disadvantages as their ancestor.

An automatic weapon is known, the locking mechanism of which contains a shutter consisting of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, the front surface of the end of which has the ability to interact with the larva, and the back with the emphasis of the receiver (see, for example, description of US patent No. 2270683 with a convention priority of 12/14/1936). The locking mechanism also belongs to the group of semi-free shutters. This constructive implementation of the locking mechanism allows to achieve when unlocking a sufficiently high gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton. With such locking, energy transfer from the larva to the core occurs with reduction by means of a single-arm lever, which positively affects the reliability and smoothness of the locking mechanism, as well as the mass of the bolt group. However, the skeleton is located above the larva, which increases the vertical dimensions of the weapon and shifts the center of mass of the bolt group up. The end of the locking lever during unlocking slides along the stop of the receiver, and when the bolt is rolling over the inner surface of the receiver, which causes intense wear in these interaction pairs.

Further development of this locking system is technical solutions according to international applications WO 9827396 with priority dated December 18, 1996, WO 2007137524 with priority from May 25, 2006, and also according to US patent No. 8117957 with priority dated January 27, 2011. These systems locking has the same disadvantages as their ancestor.

Known locking mechanism of small arms (see, for example, the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2639965 with priority from 08.19.2016 class F41A 3/40), taken as a prototype, in which the shutter is made in the form of a larva and skeleton with installed on it a rotary single-arm lever having the ability to interact with the larva and the emphasis of the receiver, moreover, the larva and skeleton are installed in series, and the back surface of the larva is made wedge-shaped. With all the advantages of this locking mechanism, the bolt group in its design consists of three main elements: a larva, a skeleton and a rotary single-arm lever mounted on it.

The purpose of the utility model is to simplify the design of the locking mechanism, in which, while maintaining the advantages of the prototype, the bolt group would have fewer main elements.

To do this, in the semi-free bolt of an automatic weapon containing a sequentially located larva and skeleton, the skeleton has the ability to rotate and interact with the inclined surface of the larva and the focus of the receiver.

Thus, in the proposed semi-free shutter, while maintaining the advantages of the prototype, the bolt group has only two main elements: the larva and the skeleton. In contrast to the Pedersen scheme (see, for example, the description of the US patent for the invention No. 1348733 with priority dated July 30, 1915), in which the gate group also consists of a larva and a skeleton, the direct transfer of energy from the larva to the skeleton is provided, but with reduction. And, unlike the Browning scheme (see, for example, the description of the US patent for the invention No. 1464864 with priority dated 09/27/1921), a sufficiently large gear ratio between the shutter parts during unlocking is provided. In addition, in the proposed locking scheme, the larva does not perform angular movements, which positively affects the uniformity of the position of the shutter cup during operation of the locking mechanism.

At the ends of the skeleton interacting with the shutter larva and with the emphasis of the receiver, rollers can be installed. This will allow us to move from sliding friction to rolling friction in the contacting pairs of the skeleton-larva and skeleton-stop, which will reduce wear and increase their durability.

To reduce friction between the guide surfaces of the receiver and the larva during unlocking, rollers can be mounted on the larva.

The emphasis of the receiver can be made in the form of a removable insert, the working surface of which in the profile can be represented as a straight, broken line or convex arc. Replacing the thrust pad with another, with a different shape of the working surface and / or angle а between its base and working surface, will allow changing the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton, which will expand the functionality of the weapon and increase its reliability when working with ammunition of various capacities and / or when changing the length of the barrel.

The surface of the shutter larvae interacting with the end of the core in the profile can be represented as a straight line with an angle β between its upper base and the working surface, a broken line or a concave arc, which, in combination with a correctly selected insert-stop, will allow to achieve a stage during unlocking redistribution of energy between the larva and the shutter skeleton.

in FIG. 1 - the locked position of the shutter (the stop surface and larvae are straight), diagram;

in FIG. 2 - the beginning of the unlocking of the shutter (the stop surface and the larvae are straight lines), diagram;

in FIG. 3 - the unlocked position of the shutter (the stop surface and larvae are straight), diagram;

in FIG. 4 is a section AA in FIG. one;

in FIG. 5 - shutter larva;

in FIG. 6 is a view B in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 7 is a view B in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 8 is a view D in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 9 - shutter skeleton;

in FIG. 10 is a view D in FIG. 9;

in FIG. 11 is a view E of FIG. 9;

in FIG. 12 is a view G in FIG. 9

The semi-free bolt contains a sequentially installed larva 1 and a skeleton 2 having the ability to rotate and interact with the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1 and the emphasis 4 of the receiver 5.

For example, consider a shutter with a spring-loaded striker 6 installed on the larva 1, rollers 7 mounted on the end of the skeleton 2, interacting with the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1, rollers 8 mounted on the end of the skeleton 2 interacting with the stop 4, as well as with a trigger (not shown) capable of firing from the rear sear. On the larva 1, in order to reduce friction, rollers 9 are installed.

Semi-free shutter operates as follows. Pulling and releasing the handle (not shown) associated with the skeleton of the 2 shutter, the shooter puts the weapon on the platoon. To open fire, the shooter presses the trigger and, under the action of the return spring 10, the skeleton 2 and the larva 1 begin joint movement in the direction of the barrel chamber 11, while removing the cartridge from the magazine and directing it into the chamber. When the larva of the bolt 1 in the extreme forward position (cartridge in the chamber of the barrel 11), the skeleton 2 continues to roll. In this case, the skeleton 2, due to the rolling of its roller 7 on the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1, gets the opportunity to turn down and move relative to the larva 1. When the skeleton 2 is turned down, the rollers 8 interact with the surface of the stop 4, and the protrusion made on the skeleton 2 12 hits the end of the drummer 6, moving it forward. The hammer striker 6 strikes the cartridge capsule (see Fig. 1). A shot is taking place. The bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the larva 1 in the direction of the rollback. Moving backward, the larva 1 with its inclined surface 3 transfers the force to the roller 7 of the skeleton 2, trying to turn it down (counterclockwise), however, due to the counteracting force acting at the contact point of the roller 8 with the emphasis 4 on the larger shoulder, the skeleton 2 is rotated up (clockwise). The roller 7 rolls along the inclined surface 3 of the larva 1, and the roller 8 - on the working surface of the stop 4. In this case, the energy is redistributed between the larva 1 and the skeleton 2. The larva 1 is inhibited, and the skeleton 2 is accelerated and displaced relative to it (see Fig. 2 ) After the termination of the interaction of the roller 8 with the working surface of the stop 4, the skeleton 2 and the larva 1 begin to roll away as a whole (see Fig. 3). When they roll back, the ejected cartridge case is also ejected. When the trigger is released, the bolt rises to the cocking platoon, and when pressed, the work cycle is repeated until the ammunition is used up in the weapons store.

Thus, the constructive implementation of a semi-free shutter in the form of sequentially installed larvae and the core, which has the ability to rotate and interact with the inclined surface of the larva and the emphasis of the receiver, can significantly simplify the locking mechanism by removing the rotary lever from the structure. At the same time, the proposed locking mechanism retains such advantages of the prototype as the close location of the center of mass of the bolt group to the longitudinal axis of the barrel of the weapon, the optimized length of the roll-out path of the locking element, as well as the small length of the locking unit.

Claims (10)

1. Semi-free shutter automatic weapons containing sequentially located larva and skeleton, characterized in that the skeleton has the ability to rotate and interact with the inclined surface of the larva and the emphasis of the receiver. 2. A semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that a roller is installed at the end of the core interacting with the shutter larva. 3. Semi-free bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that a roller is installed at the end of the core interacting with the emphasis of the receiver. 4. The semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are mounted on the larva. 5. Semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the stop of the receiver in the profile can be represented as a straight line. 6. Semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the barrel support in the profile can be represented as a broken line. 7. Semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the barrel support in the profile can be represented as a convex arc. 8. A semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the core in the profile can be represented as a straight line. 9. A semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the core in the profile can be represented as a broken line. 10. A semi-free shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the shutter larva interacting with the end of the core in the profile can be represented as a concave arc.

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