RU171288U1 - SHUTTER MECHANISM OF AUTOMATIC FIRE-SHOT WEAPON - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to the design of semi-free bolts with sliding locking elements movably mounted on them, made in the form of rollers. The shutter mechanism of an automatic firearm with an inertia force amplifier includes two acceleration systems installed sequentially from the shutter head, and the shutter larva 1, which transfers force from the bottom of the sleeve 2 through the roller 3 to the shutter frame 4, is involved in the operation of the first acceleration system the driven link, and in the work of the second acceleration system, the shutter frame 4 is involved as the driving link, transmitting the force through the roller 5 to the shutter frame 6, which is the driven link. The value of the radius of the roller R in the first acceleration system from the shutter head is smaller than the radius of the roller R of the second acceleration system, and the size of the base section S of the rollout path of the second acceleration system is larger than the size of the base section S of the rollout path of the first acceleration system. The proposed construction of the shutter mechanism allows to fully reveal the potential of the second system acceleration, since the termination of the first and second acceleration systems occurs almost simultaneously, which makes it possible to ensure high the resultant gear ratio between the larva and the slide frame (approximately 10 or higher) and much lower weight gate gruppy.3 ZP f-ly, 20 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to the design of semi-free bolts with sliding locking elements movably mounted on them, made in the form of rollers.

A well-known locking mechanism of small arms containing a bolt, comprising a skeleton and a larva with a pair of rollers symmetrically mounted on it, having the ability to interact with the inclined surfaces of the stop of the receiver, the skeleton, as well as with the resistant surface of the larva (see, for example, description of German patent No. 955392 with a priority of 06/25/1943 and a description of an additional German patent No. 976428 with a priority of 06/30/1944). This technical solution was implemented in the MG 45 experimental machine gun. As follows from the illustrations to the patents, the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton is approximately 1: 1.5, which, as practice has shown, is insufficient to unleash the potential of half-free shutters with roller locking elements and reduce shutter metal consumption.

The further development of the locking mechanism with rollers symmetrically located on the half-free shutter was obtained by the engineers of Mauser, in particular Ludwig Forgrimler (see, for example, the description of Swiss patent No. 367086 with priority dated November 24, 1956), the technical solutions of which were implemented, in particular, in the experimental assault rifles Gerät 06H and Stgw. 45, and later, in the family of small arms firms CETME and Heckler & Koch. Thanks to the installation on the skeleton of the bolt of easily replaceable locking tips with different angles of convergence of the contact surfaces interacting with the rollers, Heckler & Koch weapons can be easily adapted to change the power of the ammunition or the length of the barrel. Moreover, it is no longer necessary to make any other changes to the bolt group, the mass of which remains unchanged. However, the main gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton, for example, in assault rifles of the G3 type, is approximately 1: 4 and its significant increase is difficult to achieve with a similar shutter metal design.

Also, a great influence on the development of the locking mechanism with rollers symmetrically located on the half-free shutter was made by SIG engineer Rudolf Amsler (see, for example, descriptions on Swiss patents No. 339540 with priority dated 05/13/1955; No. 350225 with priority from 04/05/1957 g .; No. 362341 with a priority of 10.16.1958), the technical solutions of which were implemented, in particular, in the Stgw.57 assault rifle (SIG 510) and a single machine gun SIG 710-3. In contrast to Forgrimler’s design, the Stgw.57 assault rifle (SIG 510) receiver insert contains technologically simple arcuate grooves for rollers, which, in turn, have the ability to turn on swinging elements mounted on the shutter latch when locking and unlocking the shutter made in the form of single-arm levers (see the instruction of the Swiss army 53.100d "Das Sturmgewehr 57 und die Gewehrgranaten 58" of 12.15.1968, p. 23, fig. 16, item 44). The gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton of the bolt of the Stgw.57 assault rifle (SIG 510) during the unlocking process changes, but also averages 1: 4 and its significant increase, to reduce the shutter metal consumption, it is also difficult to achieve with such a design.

An automatic firearm is known, including a massive-type bolt mechanism with an inertia force amplifier, including two or more acceleration systems arranged in series from the shutter head, each system including a massive element and a transmitting rotating element used to lock the shutter, as well as, together with the corresponding inclined surfaces, bearing the function of accelerating the next massive shutter element (see, for example, the description of German patent No. 1286943 with priority dated January 24, 1967). The described bolt mechanism with two acceleration systems could be implemented, for example, on the basis of the Heckler & Koch G3 assault rifle. Thanks to two acceleration systems, the resulting gear ratio between the larva and the shutter frame element reaches approximately 1: 9.8 (9.8 gear ratio), the first acceleration system providing a 1: 4 gear ratio (4 gear ratio) and the second 1: 2.45 gear ratio (gear ratio 2.45). The resulting gear ratio k is obtained as the product of gear ratios of the first k ₁ and second k ₂ acceleration systems k = k ₁ ⋅k ₂ . However, due to the implementation of the transfer rollers of approximately the same size, the operation of the second acceleration system stops much earlier than the work of the first acceleration system ends. If we take the safe exit of the bottom of the sleeve from the barrel chamber when unlocking at 2 mm (until the bullet leaves the barrel), then with equal diameters of the rollers of the first and second acceleration systems, as well as with the gear ratio of the first acceleration system 1: 4, it turns out that the second the acceleration system will end the work with the value of the output of the sleeve from the barrel chamber of 0.5 mm. Such a technical solution does not reveal the full possibilities of using the second acceleration system due to the need to fit the Heckler & Koch G3 assault rifle into the dimensions and does not significantly reduce the mass of the bolt group.

The purpose of the utility model is to create a bolt mechanism for automatic small arms with two acceleration systems, the design of which would allow a significant reduction in the mass of the bolt group.

To do this, in the shutter mechanism of an automatic firearm with an inertia force amplifier, including two acceleration systems installed in series from the shutter head, where each system includes a leading element, as well as a transmitting element made in the form of a cylindrical roller having the ability to interact with the surface of the leading element, thrust surface and the surface of the driven element, providing acceleration of the rollback of the latter, the value of the radius of the roller R ₁ in the first from the shutter head acceleration system earlier than the radius of the roller R _{2 of the} second acceleration system, and the size of the base portion S _{2 of} the roll-out path of the second acceleration system is larger than the size of the base portion S _{1 of} the roll-out path of the first acceleration system.

The basic section of the roll-out path is the portion of the thrust surface of the groove under the roller from the contact line of the roller, with the bolt locked, to the groove edge line. In the case of the execution of the thrust surfaces of the groove and the locking tip flat inclined, when the roller is sliding along the base section, the gear ratio remains constant. When the roller comes to the position when its contact line lies on the edge of the groove, the roller rotates around the line of the edge of the groove, while the gear ratio is reduced to 1 and the shutter is fully unlocked.

It is also possible such a structural embodiment of the shutter mechanism, when the thrust surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems are made flat inclined in the receiver and the condition S ₂ ⋅cosβ ≥ k ₁ ⋅ S ₁ ⋅cosα is satisfied, where β is the angle of the thrust surface of the second acceleration system, α - angle of the thrust surface of the first acceleration system, ak ₁ - gear ratio of the first acceleration system. The height of the roller h _{1 of the} first acceleration system may be greater than the height of the roller h _{2 of the} second acceleration system.

, где δ является углом торцевой поверхности остова, γ - углом упорной наклонной поверхности задней части личинки, а

- величиной безопасного выхода донной части гильзы из патронника ствола при отпирании (приблизительно 2 мм).It is also possible such a design of the shutter mechanism, when the thrust surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems are made flat inclined, the inclined thrust surface of the first acceleration system is made in the receiver, and the roller of the second acceleration system is located in the groove formed by the resistant inclined surface of the back of the larva and the end surface skeleton, has the ability to interact with these surfaces, as well as with the inclined surface of the shutter frame, and the condition

where δ is the angle of the end surface of the core, γ is the angle of the persistent inclined surface of the back of the larva, and

- the size of the safe exit of the bottom of the liner from the chamber of the barrel during unlocking (approximately 2 mm).

The proposed design of the shutter mechanism allows you to fully reveal the potential of the second acceleration system, since the shutdown of the first and second acceleration systems occurs almost simultaneously, which makes it possible to provide a high resulting gear ratio between the larva and the bolt frame (about 10 and higher) and significantly reduce the mass of the bolt group .

In the operation of the first acceleration system, a shutter larva is involved as a leading link, which transfers force through the roller to the shutter skeleton, which is the driven link.

In the second acceleration system, the shutter skeleton, which transfers the force through the roller to the shutter frame, which is the driven link, is involved as the leading link.

In FIG. 1 - locked shutter position (paired rollers of the first acceleration system and a single roller of the second acceleration system), diagram;

in FIG. 2 - FIG. 5 - stages of unlocking the shutter and rolling back its elements;

in FIG. 6 - locked shutter position (the first acceleration system is rotated around the longitudinal axis of the shutter by 90 ° relative to the second acceleration system), diagram;

in FIG. 7 - the unlocked position of the shutter (the first acceleration system is rotated around the longitudinal axis of the shutter by 90 ° relative to the second acceleration system), diagram;

in FIG. 8 - locked shutter position (first and second acceleration systems with twin rollers), diagram;

in FIG. 9 - unlocked shutter position (first and second acceleration systems with twin rollers), diagram;

in FIG. 10 is a section AA in FIG. 8;

in FIG. 11 is a section bB in FIG. 8;

in FIG. 12 is a section BB in FIG. 8;

in FIG. 13 is a section GG in FIG. 9;

in FIG. 14 - locked shutter position (the second acceleration system is made with a single roller located in a groove formed by a persistent inclined surface of the back of the larva and the end surface of the core), diagram;

in FIG. 15 - FIG. 17 - stages of unlocking the shutter and rolling back its elements;

in FIG. 18 - locked shutter position (first acceleration system with rollers on one-arm rotary levers), diagram;

in FIG. 19 - the unlocked position of the shutter (the first acceleration system with rollers on one-arm rotary levers), diagram;

in FIG. 20 are exemplary graphs of changes in the value of the resulting gear ratio depending on the position of the shutter larva.

The shutter mechanism of an automatic firearm with an inertia force amplifier includes two acceleration systems installed sequentially from the shutter head, and the shutter larva 1, which transfers force from the bottom of the sleeve 2 through the roller 3 to the shutter frame 4, is involved in the operation of the first acceleration system the driven link, and in the work of the second acceleration system, the shutter frame 4 is involved as the driving link, transmitting the force through the roller 5 to the shutter frame 6, which is the driven link.

Example 1

Consider the operation of the bolt mechanism, equipped with paired rollers of the first acceleration system and a single roller of the second acceleration system (see Fig. 1 - Fig. 5). The thrust surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems are made in the receiver flat inclined. To simplify the schemes, the elements of the trigger mechanism are not shown, and firing is conducted from the rear sear.

The cartridge in the chamber, the shutter is locked (rollers 3 and 5, respectively, of the first and second acceleration systems are in the corresponding grooves of the receiver 7), the bolt frame 6 has reached its extreme forward position and acts on the end face of the striker 8 by moving it forward. Drummer 8 pierces the cartridge capsule with its front end (see FIG. 1). A shot is taking place. The bullet begins to move along the bore 9. In this case, the cartridge sleeve tends to move in the opposite direction and transfers its force to the shutter larva 1 with its bottom. In an effort to move backward, the larva 1 interacts with the rollers 3 of the first acceleration system. The rollers 3 begin to converge, sliding along the inclined thrust surfaces of the receiver 7. Since the rollers 3 also interact with the surfaces of the locking tip of the shutter body 4, it begins to accelerate when the rollers 3 converge relative to the shutter larva 1. The shutter skeleton 4 is the leading link of the second acceleration system and, when moving backward, transfers force to the roller 5. The rollers 5 begin to slide along the inclined thrust surface of the receiver 7. The rollers 5 also interact with the inclined surface of the front end of the shutter frame 6, which when the roller rolls out 5 begins to accelerate relative to the frame 4 of the shutter (see Fig. 2 - Fig. 5). Complete unlocking of the shutter occurs at a safe pressure in the barrel, when the bullet has already left the barrel. Since the condition S ₂ ⋅cosβ ≥ k ₁ ⋅ S ₁ ⋅cosα is satisfied, the shutdown of the first and second acceleration systems occurs almost simultaneously, which makes it possible to ensure a high resulting gear ratio between the larva and the bolt frame (about 10 and higher) and, as shown calculations, significantly reduce the mass of the bolt group, especially the bolt frame.

Example 2

Consider the operation of the bolt mechanism equipped with paired rollers of the first acceleration system and a single roller of the second acceleration system (see Fig. 14 - Fig. 17). The thrust surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems are flat inclined, the inclined thrust surfaces of the first acceleration system are made in the receiver 7, and the roller 5 of the second acceleration system is located in the groove formed by the persistent inclined surface of the back of the larva 1 and the end surface of the core 4, has the possibility of interaction with these surfaces, as well as with the inclined surface of the slide frame 6. To simplify the diagrams, the elements of the trigger mechanism are not shown, and firing is conducted from the rear sear.

, прекращение работы первой и второй систем ускорения происходит почти одновременно, что дает возможность обеспечить высокое результирующее передаточное число между личинкой и затворной рамой (примерно 10 и выше) и, как показали расчеты, существенно снизить массу затворной группы, особенно затворной рамы.The cartridge in the chamber, the shutter is locked (the rollers 3 of the first acceleration system are in the corresponding grooves of the receiver 7, and the roller 5 of the second acceleration system is located in the groove formed by the persistent inclined surface of the back of the larva 1 and the end surface of the core 4), the bolt frame 6 has reached its extreme forward position and its protrusion acts on the end face of the drummer 8, moving it forward. Drummer 8 pierces the cartridge capsule with its front end (see FIG. 14). A shot is taking place. The bullet begins to move along the bore 9. In this case, the cartridge sleeve tends to move in the opposite direction and transfers its force to the shutter larva 1 with its bottom. In an effort to move backward, the larva 1 interacts with the rollers 3 of the first acceleration system. The rollers 3 begin to converge, sliding along the inclined thrust surfaces of the receiver 7. Since the rollers 3 also interact with the surfaces of the locking tip of the shutter body 4, it begins to accelerate when the rollers 3 converge relative to the shutter larva 1. The shutter body 4 is the leading link in the second acceleration system and, when moving backward, transfers force to the roller 5 with its rear end surface. The rollers 5 begin to slide along the inclined thrust surface of the rear part of the larva 1. The rollers 5 also interact with the inclined surface of the front end of the shutter frame 6 , which, when rolling out the roller 5, begins to accelerate relative to the shutter body 4 (see Fig. 15 - Fig. 17). Complete unlocking of the shutter occurs at a safe pressure in the barrel, when the bullet has already left the barrel. Since the condition is met

, the termination of the first and second acceleration systems occurs almost simultaneously, which makes it possible to provide a high resulting gear ratio between the larva and the bolt frame (about 10 and higher) and, as calculations have shown, significantly reduce the mass of the bolt group, especially the bolt frame.

Thus, the proposed design of the shutter mechanism allows you to fully reveal the potential of the second acceleration system, since the shutdown of the first and second acceleration systems occurs almost simultaneously, which makes it possible to ensure a high resulting gear ratio between the larva and the bolt frame (about 10 and higher) and significantly reduce the mass of the bolt group.

Claims (4)

1. The bolt mechanism of an automatic firearm with an inertia force amplifier, including two acceleration systems installed in series from the shutter head, each system including a leading element and a transmitting element made in the form of a cylindrical roller having the ability to interact with the surface of the leading element, resistant surface and surface of the driven element, providing acceleration of the rollback of the latter, characterized in that the value of the radius of the roller R ₁ in the first system from the shutter head acceleration is less than the radius of the roller R _{2 of the} second acceleration system, and the size of the base portion S _{2 of} the rollout path of the second acceleration system is larger than the size of the base portion S _{1 of} the rollout path of the first acceleration system. 2. The shutter mechanism according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the abutment surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems implemented in the receiver inclined plane, the following condition S _{1 2} ⋅cosβ≥k ⋅S ₁ ⋅cosα, where β is the angle of the abutment surface of the second system acceleration, α is the angle of the thrust surface of the first acceleration system, ak ₁ is the gear ratio of the first acceleration system. 3. The bolt mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the height of the roller h _{1 of the} first acceleration system is greater than the height of the roller h _{2 of the} second acceleration system. 4. The bolt mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust surfaces of the first and second acceleration systems are made flat inclined, the inclined surface of the first acceleration system is made in the receiver and the roller of the second acceleration system is located in the groove formed by the resistant inclined surface of the rear part larvae and the end surface of the core, has the ability to interact with these surfaces, and the inclined surface of the bolt, the following condition S ₂ ⋅cos (γ-δ) ≥k ₁ ⋅S ₁ ⋅cosα-Δl, where δ is the yz th end surface of the core, γ - angle inclined rear abutment surface larvae and Δl - magnitude safe exit from the bottom of the sleeve barrel when the bolt is unlocked.

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