RU183460U1 - AUTOMATIC WEAPON LOCKING MECHANISM - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely, locking mechanisms of semi-free bolts with pivoting levers. The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon contains a shutter made in the form of a larva 1 and a skeleton 2 with a one-arm lever 3 mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, having a U-shaped outline. Both ends of the lever 3 have the ability to interact with its front surface with the element 4 of the larva 1 of the shutter, and the rear surface with the thrust surface of the liner 5 of the receiver. The element 4 of the shutter larva 1 interacting with the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 has the ability to move, thereby transferring the contact line along the lever and changing the gear ratio between the larva 1 and the skeleton 2. The element 4 of the shutter larva 1 interacting with the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 can be made, in particular, in the form of symmetrical protrusions made on opposite sides of the shutter larva, in the form of a cylindrical part, in the form of a cylindrical part mounted on its use of the proposed locking mechanism, for example, in small arms, will allow you to quickly adapt it to the use of ammunition of non-standard power, change the length of the barrel and / or difficult operating conditions, thereby expanding the functionality of the weapon and increasing its reliability. 7 c.p. f-ly, 34 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, namely to the locking mechanisms of semi-free bolts with pivoting levers.

Known locking mechanism for automatic weapons (see, for example, the description of the German patent for the invention No. 252632 with priority from 11.25.1911). In this weapon, a half-free bolt is divided into two parts, a skeleton and a larva, on which a two-arm rotary lever is installed on the axis, which can interact with its lower end with the emphasis of the receiver, and the upper one with the skeleton. The design of the presented locking mechanism is quite simple and technologically advanced, however, due to the placement of the locking unit behind the weapon magazine, the locking unit is long, which places high demands on the accuracy of the manufacture of the bolt group. Further development of this locking mechanism can be considered, in particular, technical solutions for Czechoslovak patents No. 59377 (with priority dated 04.04.1936), USA No. 2348790 (with convention priority dated 12.12.1938), as well as France No. 2231937 ( with priority of 06/01/1973), No. 2231939 (with priority of 06/01/1973) and No. 2568994 (with priority of 09/09/1984). These technical solutions have the same drawback as their ancestor.

Known locking mechanism for automatic firearms (see, for example, the description of the US patent for the invention No. 1073908 with priority from 11.21.1912). In this weapon, a half-free bolt is divided into two parts, a skeleton and a larva, on which a two-arm rotary lever is installed on the axis, which can interact with its lower end with the emphasis of the receiver, and the upper one with a massive skeleton. The presented locking mechanism is simple, compact and technological, and also allows the locking unit to be made quite short. The disadvantage of the locking mechanism is the asymmetry of locking. The development of this locking mechanism is a technical solution according to French patent No. 949973 with a priority of 06.25.1947, implemented in a single AA-52 machine gun, as well as a technical solution by Vakhan Manasyan (see, for example, the article “Private Manasyan Assault Rifle”, magazine “ Kalashnikov ”, issue 10, 2015, p. 70) sold in the Vakhan assault rifle. In the Vakhan submachine gun, the lower end of the two-shoulder lever mounted on the bolt has the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the receiver insert located behind the breech section of the barrel. Thus, it is also possible to achieve a significant reduction in the length of the locking node.

An automatic firearm is known (see, for example, the description of Czechoslovakia's patent for invention No. 65274 with priority dated 12/14/1936). In this weapon, a semi-free bolt is divided into two parts, a larva and a skeleton, on which a single-arm rotary lever is mounted. The advantages of the locking system include a large gear ratio of the lever, since the contact line between the rear end of the larva and the lever is close to the contact point of the lever with the stop, however, because the locking unit is located behind the weapon magazine, the locking unit is long, which makes it more demanding precision manufacturing of the bolt group. Direct descendants of the described semi-free shutter are, for example, technical solutions for international applications WO 9827396 (with priority dated December 18, 1996), WO 2007137524 (with priority from 05.25.2006) and US patent for invention No. 8117957 (with priority dated July 24, 2009). The designs of these semi-free shutters have the same advantages and disadvantages as their ancestor.

Known locking mechanism for automatic weapons (see, for example, the description of the US patent for the invention No. 2378331 with a priority of 02/12/1942), containing a shutter and a shutter frame on which a single-arm rotary lever is mounted. When locking, the lever rotates and its end wedges between the bolt and the thrust surface of the receiver. The locking unit is short, but the locking itself is asymmetrical, and the locking mechanism in the proposed form can only be used in weapons with gas automatic equipment.

The locking mechanism of automatic weapons is known (see, for example, the description of the RF application for invention No. 2016114893 with a priority of 04/18/2016). In this locking mechanism, with a one-arm rotary lever mounted on the skeleton, the possibility of changing the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton, as well as the operating modes of the automation, is implemented. However, the locking unit is made long, which places high demands on the accuracy of the manufacture of the bolt group.

The purpose of the utility model is to create a locking mechanism containing a shutter made in the form of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, in which it would be possible to achieve a significant reduction in the length of the locking unit, and also close to symmetrical locking would be implemented, and the gear ratio could be changed between the larva and the skeleton. Also, the design of the locking mechanism should allow it to be used in weapons using automatic equipment operating on the basis of the principle of recoil of a half-free shutter and / or on the basis of the gas removal principle.

For this, in the locking mechanism of an automatic weapon with a shutter made in the form of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, a U-shaped lever in plan is installed in the front of the skeleton, and the front surface of the end of the lever has the ability to interact with the shutter larva element, and the rear surface of the end of the lever has the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the liner receiver. Thus, the locking unit is short.

The thrust surfaces of the receiver shell liner are arranged in such a way that in the projection onto the vertical longitudinal plane, the line of the path of moving the contact point of the lever end along the thrust surface of the shell intersects the longitudinal axis of the barrel. Thus, the magnitude of the shoulder between the force vector transmitted to the shutter larva from the bottom of the sleeve and the reaction force vector from the thrust surface of the liner is minimized. The locking tends to be symmetrical and the wedging effect on the shutter is reduced.

To realize the possibility of the weapon working with the proposed locking mechanism in the gas mode, it can be equipped with a block with a gas regulator or valve.

The element of the shutter larva interacting with the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever can be made, in particular, in the form of symmetrical protrusions made on opposite sides of the shutter larva, in the form of a cylindrical part mounted in the corresponding through hole of the shutter larva, in the form of a cylindrical part mounted on it the ends of the rollers and the shutter larva installed in the corresponding through hole, in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section installed in the corresponding sk aperture of a shutter larva.

The element of the shutter larva that interacts with the front surface of the end of the lever may have the ability to move (longitudinal or angular) so that the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton changes, which makes it possible to use ammunition of non-standard power, install guns of different lengths on the weapon or adapt the weapon to difficult operating conditions. The lowest position of the shutter larva element provides such a large gear ratio of the lever that the shutter cannot be unlocked without force acting on the shutter frame or the hands of the shooter (in non-automatic mode) or the rod connected to the gas piston (during gas exhaust operation).

As a limiter of the longitudinal movement of the larva relative to the core, a transverse pin can be used, the design of which can be, for example, similar to the pin design according to Czechoslovakia patent No. 24025 with priority of 06.22.1926.

To reduce the impact on the reliability of the automatic weapons operation of the friction conditions of the liner in the chamber, discharge grooves can be made in it, the design of which can be similar to the structure presented in the description of the British patent No. 191508943 with a convention priority of 06/18/1914

in FIG. 1 - the shutter is locked (extreme forward position, cartridge in the chamber, trigger pulled, shot);

in FIG. 2 - FIG. 5 - stages of rolling back the bolt group;

in FIG. 6 is a view A in FIG. 1 (cylinder element in the form of a larva);

in FIG. 7 is a view A in FIG. 1 (element of the larva in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section);

in FIG. 8 - section B - B in FIG. 1 (sleeve bottom, magazine and return spring - not shown);

in FIG. 9 is a section B - B in FIG. 5 (return spring and magazine - not shown);

in FIG. 10 - shutter larva with elements in the form of symmetrical cylindrical protrusions with rollers mounted on them in the form of rings (assembled with a hammer, side view);

in FIG. 11 is a view D in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 12 is a view D in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 13 is a view E in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 14 - shutter larva with an element in the form of a cylinder (complete with drummer, side view); in FIG. 15 is a view G in FIG. fourteen;

in FIG. 16 is a view 3 in FIG. 14 (cylinder installed in the upper hole);

in FIG. 17 is a view 3 in FIG. 14 (cylinder installed in the lower hole);

in FIG. 18 - shutter larva with an element in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section (assembled with a hammer, side view);

in FIG. 19 is a view of And in FIG. eighteen;

in FIG. 20 is a view K of FIG. 18 (a block is installed in the central hole);

in FIG. 21 is a view K of FIG. 18 (the bar is installed in the upper hole (dotted line in the lower hole));

in FIG. 22 - shutter skeleton (side view)

in FIG. 23 is a view A of FIG. 22;

in FIG. 24 is a view M of FIG. 22;

in FIG. 25 is a view H of FIG. 22;

in FIG. 26 - rotary U-shaped in plan single arm;

in FIG. 27 is a view O in FIG. 26;

in FIG. 28 is a view P in FIG. 26;

in FIG. 29 is a view P of FIG. 27;

in FIG. 30 - the liner of the receiver (top view);

in FIG. 31 is a section C - C in FIG. thirty;

in FIG. 32 is a view T of FIG. 31;

in FIG. 33 - gas outlet unit (valve open);

in FIG. 34 - gas outlet unit (valve closed)

The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon contains a shutter made in the form of a larva 1 and a skeleton 2 with a one-arm lever 3 mounted on it with the possibility of rotation and having a U-shaped outline in plan. Both ends of the lever 3 have the ability to interact with its front surface with the element 4 of the larva 1 of the shutter, and the rear surface with the thrust surface of the liner 5 of the receiver.

For example, consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in small arms firing from the front sear, with a trigger mechanism containing a trigger 6, equipped with a block 7 with a gas valve 8, and also equipped with a gas piston 9 mounted on a spring-loaded rod 10.

Example 1

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the element 4 of the larva 1 is made in the form of symmetrical cylindrical protrusions with ring-shaped rollers, and the gas valve 8 is closed (see Fig. 34). Thus, weapons automation will work on the basis of the principle of recoil half-free shutter.

To bring the weapon into combat readiness, the arrow must be inserted in the equipped store in the front window of the receiver, pull back the handle of the skeleton 2 and release it. When the skeleton 2 moves back, the jacket 6 will turn and put it on a combat platoon. Under the action of the return spring 11, the skeleton 2 starts to move forward, abutting the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 into the element 4 of the larva 1, which extracts the cartridge from the magazine with its front end and sends it to the barrel chamber 12. Upon reaching the extreme forward position, the shutter larva 1 stops, and skeleton 2 continues to move. At the same time, resting on the element 4 of the larva 1, the single-arm lever 3 is able to rotate, since its guide projections 13 come out of the guide grooves 14 of the receiver. Further, due to the rolling of the shutter frame 2, the one-arm lever 3 rotates about its axis and, sliding the front surface of its end along element 4 of the larva 1, and the rear surface of its end, interacts with the thrust surface of the receiver 5 of the receiver. Skeleton 2 stops. The shutter is locked.

Thus, at the initial moment of consideration, the bolt group is in the extreme forward position, the larva 1 of the shutter is locked, the cartridge is in the chamber of the barrel 12, the trigger 6 is on the combat cock. When the trigger 6 is pulled off from a combat platoon, it turns and hits with its end on the striker 15. The striker 15 moves forward and pierces the cartridge capsule with its tip. A shot occurs (see Fig. 1).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transmit force to the cup of the larva 1 of the shutter, which, in turn, transfers it to the front surface of the end of the one-shoulder lever 3 with its element 4. The one-shoulder lever 3 begins to rotate relative to the contact line of its end with the thrust surface of the receiver insert 5 of the receiver . At the same time, due to the difference in the lever shoulders, the massive skeleton 2 accelerates relative to the larva 1. At the time when the bullet leaves the barrel, the bottom of the sleeve will exit the chamber by an amount not exceeding the safe value (1.5-2 mm). With further rotation of the single arm lever 3, its guide projections 13 will enter into the guide grooves 14 of the receiver. After the end of the interaction of the end of the one-armed lever 3 with the thrust surface of the insert 5, the rolling core 2 becomes the leading link in the automation and carries the larva 1 (see Fig. 4). To limit the possibility of longitudinal movement of the larva 1 relative to the skeleton 2, a transverse pin 16 can be installed on it, and a groove 17 is made on the shank of the larva 1.

Further, during the rollback of the bolt group, the return spring 11 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt group is returned to the front position with a new cartridge inserted into the barrel. When the continuous fire mode is set and the trigger is pressed (not shown), the automation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 2

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the element 4 of the larva 1, made in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section, is installed in the lower through hole of the larva 1 (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 21), and the gas valve 8 is open (see Fig. 33). Thus, the automation of weapons will work on the basis of the gas principle.

At the initial moment of consideration, the bolt group is in the extreme forward position, the larva 1 of the shutter is locked, the cartridge is in the chamber of the barrel, and the trigger 6 is on the combat cock. When the trigger 6 is pulled off from a combat platoon, it turns and hits with its end on the striker 15. The striker 15 moves forward and pierces the cartridge capsule with its tip. A shot occurs (see Fig. 1).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transfer force to the cup of the shutter larva 1, which, in turn, transfers it to the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 with its element 4, but since the gear ratio of the lever, with this setting of element 4 on the shutter larva 1, is very large, unlocking the shutter will not happen. After the bullet passes the vent hole of the barrel 12, the powder gases flow through the channel block 7 with the gas valve 8 to the piston 9 mounted on the spring-loaded rod 10. The piston 9 will begin to shift backward, transferring force to the rod 10, which will transmit it to the skeleton 2 at its end. Having received a push from the end of the rod 10, the frame 2 will begin to retreat, allowing the one-arm lever 3 to begin to rotate relative to the contact line of its end with the thrust surface of the receiver 5 of the receiver. With further rotation of the single arm lever 3, its guide projections 13 will enter into the guide grooves 14 of the receiver. After the end of the interaction of the end of the single arm lever 3 with the thrust surface of the liner 5, the rolling core 2 will entrain the larva 1 (see Fig. 4).

Further, during the rollback of the bolt group, the return spring 11 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt group is returned to the front position with a new cartridge inserted into the barrel. When the continuous fire mode is set and the trigger is pressed (not shown), the automation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 3

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the element 4 of the larva 1 is made in the form of symmetrical cylindrical protrusions with ring-shaped rollers, and the gas valve 8 is open (see Fig. 33). Thus, weapons automation will work in a combined mode based on the principles of recoil of a half-free shutter and gas vent.

At the initial moment of consideration, the bolt group is in the extreme forward position, the larva 1 of the shutter is locked, the cartridge is in the chamber of the barrel, and the trigger 6 is on the combat cock. When the trigger 6 is pulled off from a combat platoon, it turns and hits with its end on the striker 15. The striker 15 moves forward and pierces the cartridge capsule with its tip. A shot occurs (see Fig. 1).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transfer force to the cup of the larva 1 of the shutter, which, in turn, transfers it to the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 with its element 4. In case of difficult operating conditions or insufficient ammunition power, the force transferred to the skeleton 2 through the lever 3 may not be enough to unlock the larva 1. With the gas valve 8 open, the end of the rod 10 will transfer the skeleton 2 to the missing force required to unlock the larva 1. Having received a push from the end of the rod 10, the skeleton 2 will begin to retreat more vigorously, allowing single-armed lever 3 to turn relative to its line of contact with the end stop surface of the insert 5 the receiver. With further rotation of the single arm lever 3, its guide projections 13 will enter into the guide grooves 14 of the receiver. At the end of the interaction of the end of the one-armed lever 3 with the thrust surface of the liner 5, the rolling core 2 will entrain the larva 1 (see Fig. 4).

Further, during the rollback of the bolt group, the return spring 11 is compressed, the spent sleeve is ejected into the receiver’s extraction window, and the bolt group is returned to the front position with a new cartridge inserted into the barrel. When the continuous fire mode is set and the trigger is pressed (not shown), the automation cycle is repeated until the cartridges are used up from the magazine.

Example 4

Consider the operation of the proposed locking mechanism in the mode when the element 4 of the larva 1, made in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section, is installed in the lower through hole of the larva 1 (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 21), and the gas valve 8 is closed (see Fig. ) Automatic weapons will not work.

At the initial moment of consideration, the bolt group is in the extreme forward position, the larva 1 of the shutter is locked, the cartridge is in the chamber of the barrel, and the trigger 6 is on the combat cock. When the trigger 6 is pulled off from a combat platoon, it turns and hits with its end on the striker 15. The striker 15 moves forward and pierces the cartridge capsule with its tip. A shot occurs (see Fig. 1).

After the shot, the bottom of the sleeve begins to transfer force to the cup of the shutter larva 1, which, in turn, transfers it to the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever 3 with its element 4, but since the gear ratio of the lever, with this setting of element 4 on the shutter larva 1, is very large, unlocking the shutter will not happen.

To reload the weapon, the shooter will need to manually take the skeleton 2 back after each shot, compressing the return spring 11, and throwing the spent sleeve into the receiver’s extraction window.

The installation of element 4 of the larva 1 in its highest position allows the use of ammunition with a semi-free bolt release mode, ammunition with a reduced charge, or can be recommended under difficult operating conditions, since the gear ratio of the lever will be minimally acceptable.

The main options for the operation of weapons automation with the described locking mechanism and gas outlet assembly do not differ from those described in Table 1 and Table 2 of the description of the RF application for invention No. 2016114893 with a priority of 04/18/2016.

It should be noted that element 4 of the larva 1 can have more than one fixed position between the extreme upper and lower. This will allow you to more accurately adjust the weapon to the operating conditions in the case of using the semi-free mode of operation of automation.

Thus, the proposed locking mechanism allows to achieve a significant reduction in the length of the locking node, the implementation of locking close to symmetrical, as well. Also, the design of the locking mechanism allows it to be used in weapons using automatic equipment operating on the basis of the principle of recoil of a half-free shutter and / or on the basis of the gas removal principle.

The use of the proposed locking mechanism, for example, in small arms will allow you to quickly adapt the implementation of the possibility of changing the gear ratio between the larva and its skeleton to the use of non-standard power ammunition, changing the barrel length and / or difficult operating conditions, thereby expanding the functionality of the weapon and increasing its reliability.

Claims (8)

1. The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon containing a bolt made in the form of a larva and a skeleton with a single-arm rotary lever mounted on it, characterized in that the single-arm lever is made U-shaped in plan, installed in front of the skeleton, and the front surface of its end has the ability interaction with the element of the larva, and the back - with the thrust surface of the receiver liner. 2. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter larvae element interacting with the front surface of the end of the one-armed lever has the ability to move, thereby transferring the contact line along the lever and changing the gear ratio between the larva and the skeleton. 3. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the element of the shutter larva is made in the form of symmetrical protrusions on the body of the shutter larva. 4. The locking mechanism according to p. 3, characterized in that the protrusions are cylindrical, and rollers are mounted at their ends in the form of rings covering the ends of the protrusions. 5. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the element of the shutter larva is made in the form of a cylinder having the ability to interact with its ends with the front surfaces of the ends of the one-arm lever. 6. The locking mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the rollers in the form of rings covering the ends of the cylinder are mounted on the ends of the cylinder. 7. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the element of the shutter larva is made in the form of a bar of a trapezoidal cross section, the ends of which are able to interact with the front surfaces of the ends of the one-arm lever. 8. The locking mechanism according to p. 1, characterized in that the limiter of the longitudinal movement of the larva relative to the core is a transverse pin.

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