RU2638943C1 - Method of production of feed compounds from plant materials and brewer's grains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of feed compounds from plant materials and brewer's grains includes mixing of the grain mixture and the brewer's grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4:1 to 2:3 on dry matter. The brewer's grains are pre-dried to a moisture content of 8-14%. The grain mixture is pre-extruded at a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone not more than 110°C followed by grinding the extrudate to pellet sizes from 2 to 14 mm and drying to a moisture content of 8-14%. Method of production of feed compounds from plant materials and brewer's grains includes mixing of the grain mixture and the brewer's grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4:1 to 2:3 on dry matter. The moisture content of the brewer's grains before mixing is at least 50%, the resulting composition is allowed to stand for 2-12 hours in a closed container with the ventilation to the outside until the final moisture content is no more than 30%. After that, the product is extruded under a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone not more than 110°C followed by grinding the extrudate to pellet sizes from 2 to 14 mm and drying to a moisture content of 8-14%. Another method of production of feed compounds from plant materials and brewer's grains includes mixing of the grain mixture and the brewer's grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4:1 to 2:3 on dry matter. The moisture content of the brewer's grains before mixing is not less than 50%. The grain mixture is pre-extruded at a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone not more than 110°C followed by grinding the extrudate to pellet sizes from 2 to 14 mm. The mass obtained as a result of mixing the grain mixture and the brewer's grains is dried in a dispenser at a temperature of supplied heat agent not exceeding 120°C to obtain a homogenized product with a fraction of not more than 500 mcm and a moisture content of not more than 20%, which is then granulated and dried to a moisture content of 8-14%.

EFFECT: production of balanced feed compounds with increased nutritional parameters, digestibility and feed value.

3 cl, 3 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the production of animal feed, for example, for cattle (hereinafter referred to as cattle), pigs or poultry, and can be used for fattening various species of animals and birds used both in the meat and dairy industries.

Fattening animals in agriculture is one of the most important stages, since the final quality and quantity of products (milk, meat) largely depends on the quality of feed. Therefore, a lot of attention is paid to the composition of feeds and the technologies for their manufacture, they are constantly trying to improve, optimize, etc.

There are various methods for the production of concentrated feed (see, for example, patents RU: 2437564, IPC A23K 1/14, A23K 1/16, published December 27, 2011; 2490929, IPC A23K 1/14, A23K 1/16, published August 27 .2013; in the general case, including the extrusion of either individual raw materials or mixtures thereof.

The use of extrusion in the production of animal feed makes it possible to achieve a certain degree of homogenization of the feed mixture, which in turn improves its assimilation, however, by itself it is not able to guarantee the preservation of useful substances (for example, polysaccharides) in the finished animal feed.

Known methods for the production of animal feed (see, for example, patents: DE 4108319, IPC A23K 1/02, A23K 1/06, A23K 1/14, published 11/28/1991; CN 102747118, IPC A23K 1/14, C12P 19 / 14, published on October 24, 2012), in which, among other things, grain mix and beer pellet are used as components for the production of feed. These components are crushed and mixed in the process of obtaining the finished product, while reducing the initial moisture content in the general case is ensured by thermal drying of the mixture.

In known production methods, the presence of beer grains in the compound feed allows to increase its nutritional value, since the latter is rich in protein, amino acids and trace elements. However, a decrease in the total humidity by heat treatment leads to a decrease in the quality of the feed, since some of the nutrients contained in the grain mixture and beer pellet can decompose at high temperatures (in particular, polysaccharides, proteins).

Closest to the claimed group of inventions are a feed additive and a method for its production (see patent RU 2480998, IPC A23K 1/06, published May 10, 2013), including drying a beer pellet to a moisture content of 30-35%, further mixing it with zeolite in an amount of 20% and vitamin-grass meal in an amount of 13% to reduce the total humidity of the mixture to 20-25%, extruding the resulting mixture and heat drying the granules obtained after extruding at a temperature of 70-100 ° C for 30-40 minutes.

The main disadvantage of the known technical solution is the impossibility of obtaining with its help a complete feed mixture (feed) for animals, since the use of zeolite as one of the constituent components of the feed additive in an amount of 20%, which provides the necessary reduction in the moisture content of the mixture, does not allow using the final product as an independent feed (for example, for cattle) due to too high content of minerals (zeolites - a large group of minerals similar in composition and properties, water al mosilikaty calcium and sodium subclass of framework silicates).

The task to which the group of inventions is directed is the possibility of technologically advanced production of easily digestible compound feed with a high content of nutrients.

The technical results of the claimed invention are balance, increasing the nutritional value, digestibility, feed value of feed, the manufacturability of its production.

Technical results according to the first embodiment of the invention are achieved due to the fact that in the method of producing compound feed from plant materials and beer grains, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 in dry matter, the beer grains are pre-dried to moisture content of 8-14%, the grain mixture is pre-extruded under pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone of not more than 110 ° C, followed by grinding the extrudate to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm and drying to a moisture content of 8-14%.

Technical results according to the second embodiment of the invention are achieved due to the fact that in the method of producing compound feed from plant materials and beer grains, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 by dry matter, the moisture content of the beer grains before mixing is not less than 50%, the composition obtained as a result of mixing is defended for 2-12 hours in a closed container with the organization of ventilation outside until the final moisture content is not more than 30%, after which the product is extruded ruyut pressure 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone of not more than 110 ° C, followed by milling the extrudate to a particle size of 2 to 14 mm and dried to a moisture content of 8-14%.

Technical results according to the third embodiment of the invention are achieved due to the fact that in the method of producing compound feed from plant materials and beer grains, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 on a dry matter basis, the moisture content of the beer grains before mixing is not less than 50%, the grain mixture is pre-extruded under pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone of not more than 110 ° C, followed by grinding of the extrudate to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm, obtained in cut tate mixing the cereal mixture and spent grain mass is dried in a disperser at a temperature of heat applied agent is not higher than 120 ° C until homogenised product with a grain size less than 500 microns and moisture content not more than 20%, which was then granulated and finally dried to a moisture content of 8-14%.

The implementation of the method of production of animal feed from plant materials and beer pellets for each of the options is as follows.

Option 1

Obtained in the process of brewing beer grains (hereinafter referred to as PD, the English term - brewer's grain) is dried to a moisture content of 8-14%. In this case, drying is carried out by any known methods (for example, in a centrifuge, heat treatment with a gas agent, etc.).

The grain mixture (hereinafter referred to as ZS), which can be used in various cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, etc.), waste, legumes or their combinations is extruded at specified parameters (pressure from 3 to 6 MPa, temperature in auger zone not more than 110 ° С). These parameters make it possible to obtain at the outlet the extrudate of the required density with stored polysaccharides (at T≥110 ° C, caramelization of fructose occurs). The obtained extrudate ZS is crushed to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm and is also dried to a moisture content of 8-14%, which allows for uniform distribution of moisture and uniformity of the finished product during subsequent mixing with dried PD.

Option 2

Raw PD obtained in the process of brewing (humidity not less than 50%) is mixed with ZS without preliminary drying and placed for standing in a closed container for a period of 2 to 12 hours in order to obtain a product that is uniform in moisture content. During the settling period, the internal volume of the tank is ventilated with a given intensity so that the final moisture content of the product after settling does not exceed 30%. Further, the product is extruded at specified parameters (pressure from 3 to 6 MPa, temperature in the area of the screw no more than 110 ° C). These parameters make it possible to obtain at the outlet the extrudate of the required density with stored polysaccharides (at T≥110 ° C, caramelization of fructose occurs). The resulting extrudate is crushed to granular sizes from 2 to 14 mm and dried to a moisture content of 8-14% for subsequent packaging and use.

Option 3

Raw PD obtained during brewing (humidity not less than 50%) without preliminary drying is mixed with previously extruded at specified parameters (pressure from 3 to 6 MPa, temperature in the auger zone not more than 110 ° С) and crushed to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm ZS. The resulting mass is placed in a dispersant for subsequent drying and grinding. At the same time, the temperature of the heat agent passing through the dispersant is controlled so that it does not exceed 120 ° C (this allows you to ensure the maximum temperature of the product is not higher than 70 ° C and thus maintain its nutritional properties). The process of processing the product in the dispersant is carried out to obtain a fraction of the final product of not more than 500 microns with a moisture content of less than 20%. The resulting product is granulated and dried to a moisture content of 8-14% for further use.

The claimed invention allows to obtain a highly nutritious balanced concentrated feed, for example, for cattle. At the same time, the ratio of its components (ZS and PD) in the range from 4: 1 to 2: 3 on dry matter ensures its use as an independent food product for various categories of animals (for example, calves, dairy cows, pigs, chickens, etc. .). In addition, in the formulations obtained by the claimed method of compound feed, it is possible to add various food additives (premixes), and the use of different implementation options with stable basic food parameters of the obtained compound feed makes it possible to balance the feed in the ratio: proteins / BEV (nitrogen-free extractives) or protein / polysaccharides, that is, to balance the feed according to these indicators for a specific herd.

The inventive variants of the method of production of animal feed from plant materials and beer grains provide technological production of animal feed with increased parameters of nutrition, digestibility and feed value.

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing feed from plant materials and beer pellets, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer pellets, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 on a dry matter basis, characterized in that the beer pellet is pre-dried to a moisture content of 8-14%, grain the mixture is pre-extruded under a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone of not more than 110 ° C, followed by grinding the extrudate to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm and drying to a moisture content of 8-14%. 2. A method of producing feed from plant materials and beer grains, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 on a dry matter basis, characterized in that the moisture content of the beer grains before mixing is at least 50%, obtained as a result of mixing, the composition is defended for 2-12 hours in a closed container with the organization of ventilation outward until a final moisture content of not more than 30% is obtained, after which the product is extruded under a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the screw zone of not more than 1 10 ° C followed by grinding the extrudate to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm and drying to a moisture content of 8-14%. 3. A method of producing feed from plant materials and beer grains, comprising mixing a grain mixture and beer grains, respectively, in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 3 on a dry matter basis, characterized in that the moisture content of the beer grains before mixing is at least 50%, grain the mixture is pre-extruded under a pressure of 3-6 MPa and at a temperature in the auger zone of not more than 110 ° С followed by grinding of the extrudate to granule sizes from 2 to 14 mm, the mass obtained by mixing the grain mixture and beer grains is dried in di pergatore fed at a temperature of the thermal agent is not higher than 120 ° C until homogenised product with a grain size less than 500 microns and moisture content not more than 20%, which was then granulated and finally dried to a moisture content of 8-14%.