RU2647506C1 - Method of production of extruded fodder additives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely, production of biologically active feed additives for farm animals. Method for production of extruded feed additive comprises preparing initial blend of wheat, flaxseed, sugar, chalk, charcoal sorbent and coniferous energy additive taken in certain ratio. Resulting mixture is extruded and dried, followed by packaging and packaging of finished feed additive. Implementation of invention provides improvement in quality of feed additive and shelf life of feed containing additive.

EFFECT: feeding fodder additive helps stabilize energy balance of body and increases productivity of farm animals.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used as a biologically active feed additive to stabilize the energy balance of the body and increase the productivity of farm animals.

The most important condition for increasing the productivity of farm animals, realizing their genetic potential, maintaining health and obtaining high-quality livestock products is the creation of a forage base that allows you to balance rations for the main nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances.

In many livestock enterprises, cases of mortality of young animals due to the ingestion of animals with low-quality feed of pathogenic microflora are not uncommon. Unlike other species, extruded feed is practically sterile, when it is used, the death rate of young animals is reduced, the transition of young animals to roughage occurs without loss of growth.

Balancing rations can be achieved not only through the introduction of scarce components, but also with the help of feed additives that increase the digestibility of feed. Biologically active preparations provide a more complete extraction of nutrients from feed, normalize the digestive system and, thus, ensure the physiological needs of the body.

One of the effective methods of preparing feed for feeding is extrusion at elevated pressure and temperature, the product has a combined effect, which changes the structure of the fiber of the feed, inactivation of the digestive tract inhibitors, neutralization of toxic substances, sterilization of the feed, improvement of taste, dextrinization of starch. Due to a sharp drop in pressure upon the release of the heated grain mass, a significant increase in the volume of the product occurs, a porous structure forms, which makes the feed more accessible for the action of enzymes of the stomach of animals, its digestibility sharply increases.

During extrusion, the effect of high temperatures is short-term (8-10 seconds), which allows preserving vitamins from destruction, improving the palatability of feed additives through the formation of various aromatic substances, neutralizing some toxins and destroying their producers.

Extruded feed, in addition, has good absorbent properties, so it can serve as a prophylactic for gastrointestinal upsets.

During extrusion processing, most of the work of the animal’s stomach is carried out by the extruder, and, therefore, the energy of the feed goes entirely to the needs of the animal’s body.

Currently, extrusion technology is used to obtain protein supplements for ruminants, while increasing the amount of protein that is not destroyed in the rumen of the animal, in addition, extrusion provides a more complete digestibility of the protein in the small intestine. As a result, livestock productivity rises and feed preparation costs are reduced.

More promising is the extrusion of not monocorm, but mixtures of protein and carbohydrate feeds, called protein-energy supplements. It was found that during the extrusion process, a mixture of peas with wheat receives a higher energy value, compared with the energy value of each source component. The digestibility of starch in young animals rises from 20 to 90%. In pre-starter feeds, extruded mixtures should replace grain and meal. In starter feeds, it is recommended to add them in an amount of 30-40%. For feeding adult poultry and pigs, extruded mixtures are also included to balance protein and metabolic energy.

A known method of preparing extruded dry animal feed, including preparing raw materials, preparing a mixture of starch-containing raw materials, ingredients of plant and animal origin, flavoring, homogenizing and texturing the mixture in an extruder and molding it. As ingredients of animal origin use bone feed flour with a protein content of at least 30 wt. fat not more than 10 wt. mineral salts, not more than 51 wt. dried carrots are used as an ingredient of plant origin, a mixture of dried potatoes and wheat flour in a ratio of 1: 1: 3.5 is used as a starch-containing component, and edible salt is used as a flavoring additive [RF Patent 2038805. Publ. July 9, 1995. (one)].

A known method of preparing dry food for dogs and fur animals, including obtaining a mixture of water with feed ingredients until a moisture content of not more than 40%, heat treatment of the mixture at a temperature of not more than 200 ° C and its extrusion, while the raw materials of vegetable and animal origin in a ratio of 4: 1, upon receipt of the mixture, water or whey is introduced by spraying, a pressure of 2-6 MPa is created in front of the matrix in the extruder, after which the feed is enriched with water-soluble and / or fat-soluble mi vitamins, and dried in a closed cycle at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed [RF Patent 2202897. Publ. 04/27/2003. (2)].

A known method of obtaining feed for fur animals "Kormeh" containing pulp offal, which are mixed and subjected to heat treatment [RF Patent 2053683. Priority 03/18/1993. (3)].

These methods of preparation of feed have a number of positive aspects, however, these feeds have a short shelf life.

A known method for the production of dry feed, including the formation of a flour mixture from flour starch-containing grain material 30-65% and protein material 25-40% by weight of the flour mixture, nutritionally balanced, partial gelatinization of the flour mixture by moistening up to 28-31% and heating to cause swelling of starch grains and its mechanical processing and expansion by extrusion from a zone of high pressure and temperature substantially higher than 100 ° C [RF Patent 2237416. Publ. 10/10/2004. BI No. 28 (4)]. One of the disadvantages of this method is the incomplete and unstable degree of gelatinization of starch contained in starch-containing ingredients, and its insignificant destruction. In addition, the duration of the high-temperature processing of the starch-containing part is 11-65 minutes and the duration of the extrusion processing of the entire mixture 1-5 minutes leads to loss of nutrients in the feed, increases the duration of the process.

A known method of preparing extruded dry pet food based on corn grain and additives. Pre-moistened and heated to 100 ° C, the mixture is loaded into the extruder and extruded under a pressure of 2-6 MPa. The extrudate swells at the exit of the die of the matrix under the influence of a pressure drop, the formation of a porous bundle occurs, followed by cutting it into parts [RF Patent 2399295. Publ. 09/20/2010. BI No. 12 (5)].

There is also a method of preparing steamed grain products or dry pet food, which consists in obtaining a mixture of water with grain flour or grains, its heat treatment, followed by extrusion [RF Patent 2208369. Publ. 07/20/2003. BI No. 20 (6)]. A disadvantage of the known methods is the high cost of production due to the high content of grain feed.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of preparing dry pet food, comprising obtaining a mixture of water with feed ingredients until a moisture content of not more than 40%, heat treatment of the mixture at a temperature of not more than 200 ° C and its extrusion [Application for the invention 95118124/13 from 10.26.1995. BI No. 6, 1998 (7)]. This method does not provide for the introduction of animal ingredients into the feed.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished feed additives, increase the shelf life of the feed with the same biological and nutritional value. The simultaneous extrusion of a mixture of prescription components makes the process technologically advanced.

The use of such mixtures will allow not only to increase the productivity of farm animals, but also to fix it at a high level for a long period. Animals provided with high-quality food, balanced in nutrition and useful substances, have a longer economic use.

A method of preparing an extruded feed additive, including obtaining the initial mixture in the following ratio of components (%): wheat bran - 75.0; flaxseed - 3.0; sugar - 2.0; chalk - 2.0; charcoal sorbent - 2.0; coniferous energy supplement - 16.0; pressing it at a temperature of 120-150 ° C, a pressure of 25-50 atmospheres and a duration of 8-12 seconds and drying at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed additive.

The use of the invention will stabilize the energy balance of the animal organism and increase the productivity of farm animals.

The quantitative and qualitative composition of the feed additive is developed in accordance with the characteristics of the metabolic processes of farm animals. The components are selected taking into account the synergistic effect and the elimination of undesirable manifestations of the components in the process of obtaining feed. The necessary biological value, in turn, affects the increase in live weight of the animal when it is fed and, therefore, the optimal feed consumption to achieve a unit of gain.

The method of preparation of the extruded feed additive allows the components used not only in an accessible form, but also to interact, organically supplementing and enhancing the positive properties of each, and suppressing undesirable manifestations (smell, bitterness, etc.)

The method of obtaining is as follows.

Wheat bran, flaxseed, sugar, chalk are dosed in accordance with a given recipe and crushed on a grinder equipped with a sieve with a hole diameter of 3-4 mm, add charcoal sorbent [RF Patent 2531933. Publ. 10/27/2014. BI No. 30 (8)], mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained and a coniferous-energy additive (HED) is introduced [TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy supplement. Technical conditions Nizhny Novgorod, 2013 .-- 9 p. (9); Technological regulations for the production of coniferous-energy supplements. N. Novgorod, 2013 .-- 11 p. (10)]. The resulting feed mixture is fed into the extruder, the processing temperature in the working chamber is set to not more than 120-150 ° C, a pressure of 25-50 atmospheres and a duration of 8-12 seconds. The extruded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes, packaged and packaged in consumer packaging.

Example 1. Starting components: 75 kg of wheat bran, 3 kg of flaxseed, 2 kg of sugar, - 2 kg of chalk is crushed on a grinder equipped with a sieve with a hole diameter of 3-4 mm, 2 kg of charcoal sorbent are added, mixed until a homogeneous mass and 16 kg of coniferous-energy supplement are introduced. They are thoroughly mixed and extruded at a temperature of 120-150 ° C, a pressure of 25-50 atmospheres and a duration of 8-12 seconds. The resulting feed additive is packaged and packaged in consumer packaging.

Example 2. Analogously to example 1, the resulting mixture is additionally dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes. The finished feed additive is packaged in consumer packaging.

Thus, the invention allows to prepare an extruded feed additive, improve the quality of the finished feed, increase the shelf life of the feed with constant biological and nutritional value. The use of extruded feed additives in the diets of dairy cows leads to an increase in average daily milk yields by 25%.

Information sources

1. RF patent 2038805. Publ. July 9, 1995.

2. RF patent 2202897. Publ. 04/27/2003. BI No. 12.

3. RF patent 2053683. Priority 03/18/1993.

4. RF patent 2237416. Publ. 10/10/2004. BI No. 28.

5. RF patent 2399295. Publ. 09/20. 2010. BI No. 12.

6. RF patent 2208369. Publ. 07/20/2003. BI No. 20.

7. Application for invention 95118124/13 from 1995.10.26, BI No. 6, 1998.

8. RF patent 2531933. Publ. 10/27/2014. BI No. 30.

9. TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy supplement. Technical conditions N. Novgorod, 2013 .-- 9 p.

10. Technological regulations for the production of coniferous-energy additives. N. Novgorod, 2013 .-- 11 p.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing an extruded feed additive, including obtaining the initial mixture in the following ratio of components (%): wheat bran - 75.0; flaxseed - 3.0; sugar - 2.0; chalk - 2.0; charcoal sorbent - 2.0; coniferous energy supplement - 16.0; pressing it at a temperature of 120-150 ° C, a pressure of 25-50 atmospheres and a duration of 8-12 seconds and drying at a temperature of no higher than 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed additive.