RU2616905C1 - Method of medicinal herb tabletting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pharmacology.

SUBSTANCE: method of medicinal herb tabletting comprising grinding of the medicinal herb, drying and tabletting, wherein the flows of sprayed ground medicinal herb and sprayed solution of starch dextrins are mixed, thereby covering particles of the medicinal herb with starch dextrins film, the medicinal herb is dried in starch dextrins, the dried material in starch dextrins is splashed with water vapour before tabletting.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the loss of herbal raw material active agents, facilitates rapid disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to technology for the production of tablets, and can be used in the manufacture of tablet dosage forms.

According to Ayurveda, fresh herbs are usually processed in one of five main ways to obtain the extract: squeezing fresh plant juice (svaras), crushing plant pulp (kolka), making a decoction (quatha), hot infusion (phantom) and cold infusion (ham). Juice is the strongest substance, cold infusion is the weakest. The remaining forms are listed on a descending scale, depending on the strength of the effect.

Fresh Juice (Swaras)

Fresh grass juice is prepared as follows: a plant is torn off, ground or crushed, and then the liquid is squeezed through the tissue. For this purpose, you can use a juicer. This method is not used very often, because here, as a rule, freshly picked herbs are needed. Easily accessible herbs - aloe, ginger, cilantro, lime, lemon, onion, parsley, garlic - can be used in this way, but the effect is more pronounced when using wild-growing or home-grown herbs. A weaker preparation is made from dry herbs: they take chopped dry grass or powder from it, add twice as much water by weight, insist for 24 hours and squeeze. The resulting liquid serves as a substitute for juice.

Herbal Paste (Xigka)

Herbal paste is obtained by crushing a fresh plant to a state of soft mass. It can also be obtained from dry herbs by adding a sufficient amount of water to the crushed dry grass and bringing it to a pasty state. Herbal pastes can be made with honey, ghee oil or vegetable oil. They are usually taken in twice as much as herbs. With herbs, you can use in equal amounts various types of unrefined sugar. Liquid substances interact better with dry herbs, and dry ones - with fresh ones. This form of medication is often used externally in the form of patches and poultices for the treatment of wounds and abscesses. It can be used as the basis for the preparation of infusions and decoctions. In the form of herbal pastes, all herbs can be used.

Broth (Quatha)

Usually herbs are prescribed in the form of a decoction or hot infusion. The difference is that to get a decoction, the water with herbs is boiled over low heat, and for hot infusion, the temperature below the boiling point is used: the herbs are immersed in boiling water and insisted or brought to a boil and immediately removed from the heat. The general rule for the preparation of decoctions: one part of dried herbs for 16 parts of water, that is, about 15 g of herbs per cup (250 ml). The solution is boiled over low heat until the water has evaporated to 1/4 of the original volume (for example, 4 cups are evaporated to one), after which the broth is filtered and ready for use. This procedure takes several hours, but as a result, decoctions turn out to be stronger than in Western herbal medicine.

A less strong broth, the preparation of which takes less time, is prepared before half the water evaporates, and for a weak broth, even less time is needed - until 3/4 of the water remains. The lower strength of these drugs can be offset by an increase in dosage.

Strong herbal tea prepared in this way is given to the patient with other substances, usually with honey or hot water.

In Ayurveda, herbs are boiled only once, and then thrown away. In other traditions of herbal medicine, they are boiled two or three times. This is acceptable, especially if the first broth was weak or moderate in strength.

The method of preparing herbs in the form of decoctions is best suited for roots, stems, bark and fruits, since the release of medicinal substances from the harder parts of plants requires longer preparation.

Hot Flask (Fant)

In the infusion, the ratio of herbs and water is 1: 8. For example, 30 g of herbs per cup (250 ml) of water. To obtain a hot infusion, the herbs are immersed in boiling water and insisted for a while. Compared with that adopted in Western herbal medicine, the period of infusion is longer - up to 12 hours; the minimum infusion time is 30 minutes. After this, the infusion is filtered and used for treatment. Infusion is a dosage form more suitable for the delicate parts of plants (leaves and flowers), as well as for succulent plants. It is preferable when using aromatic herbs and most spices, because when boiled, essential oils are destroyed and volatilized.

Many of the herbs can be kept on very low heat below the boiling point for a long time. This may be necessary in the preparation of preparations in which the roots are combined with flowers or leaves. Delicate herbs can also be added at a later stage in the preparation of the decoction.

Cold Flask (Hima)

To get a cold infusion of herbs, insist in cold water. This usually takes longer than preparing a hot infusion - at least an hour. It is best to leave the herbs to infuse overnight. This method is necessary for aromatic and delicate herbs, especially for those that have a cooling or refreshing effect. Cold infusions are the best dosage form for cooling therapy and treatment of conditions associated with high Pitta. In this way, hibiscus, jasmine, mint and sandalwood are prepared.

Cold infusion is usually best prepared from powders, because they release their substances faster than raw herbs. Cold infusions are better suited for therapy against Pitta, in other cases, preference is given to hot infusions (see http: //xn-7sbhdycib3bahm3ad4m.xn-plai/pjat-osnovnyh-sposobobprigotovlenija-trav-lancha-kashaja - Methods of preparation and use Herbs in Ayurveda: Five Basic Methods for Making Herbs

The disadvantage of these methods is that they do not include tableting herbs.

A known method of tabletting (Nosovitskaya S.A. et al. Production of tablets. M .: Medicine, 1969, p. 64-94), including the preparation of raw materials - medicinal substances, fillers if the dose of the medicinal substance is small, grinding, sieving and sieve classification, dosing and mixing the prepared powders, the introduction of formulating substances - binding or sticking together - water, alcohol, sugar or sugar syrup, starch paste, the introduction of disintegrating substances - mainly starch, moistening and mixing the wet mass, granules wet mass, drying to a residual moisture content of 1-2%, crushing and sieve calibration of dried granules, the introduction of moving or lubricating substances, such as talc, magnesium stearates, calcium, liquid paraffin, etc., to prevent the mass from sticking when pressing tablets, pressing the granular mass into tablets.

A known method of tabletting biologically active substances, including grinding the active components, mixing them with fillers and forming substances, followed by moistening, granulating, drying and tabletting, while the granulation mass is moistened with extracts of biologically active substances (see RU patent for the invention No. 2205630, cl A61K 9/20, publ. 2003).

The disadvantage of this method is that the active substance in the manufacture of tablets is subjected to aggressive action (oxygen, temperature, water) several times, which leads to the loss of active substances during preparation, and as a result, the emergence of various reactions due to the complexity of the composition of the tablet and various impacts.

The technical result of the present invention is the development of a method of preparing tablets in which the dose of extracts of biologically active substances would be maximum and their medicinal properties would be used as efficiently as possible, as well as a method of tabletting in which the produced tablets would disintegrate faster, but would be absorbed in the patient’s stomach during long time, as well as ensuring the natural state of extracts of biologically active substances.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when tabletting the medicinal herb, including grinding the medicinal herb, drying and tabletting, the streams of atomized powdered medicinal herb and the sprayed solution of starch dextrin are mixed, enveloping the particles of the medicinal herb with a film of starch dextrin, and the medicinal herb is dried in starch dextrins, and before tabletting, the dried material in starch dextrins is sprayed with water vapor. Dextrin is a polysaccharide, often used in printing for the preparation of hydrophilizing (wetting) solutions, it moistens the surface of the substance well. Before use, dextrins are diluted in water, unlike starch, dextrins are soluble in water to a concentration that allows the solution to be sprayed in air and create a suspension of dextrins at a fog level, which allows you to quickly cover the surface of a plant material particle with a dextrin film. The film thickness is thus created in a few microns, which allows for the maximum use of plant matter in the manufacture of tablets, dextrins for the preparation of tablets goes from 3-5%. When pressing tablets with starch, the adhesive is between 10-28%. And since destrins, in contrast to starch, are soluble, the effect of steam when pressing tablets from plant materials processed during drying with dextrins is minimal, which allows not to dry tablets after pressing.

The novelty here is that the drying process of plant materials in starch dextrins not only reduces the loss of active substances, but also significantly saves expensive food-grade adhesives.

The proposed method of tableting is as follows.

Before tabletting, the collection of herbs or herbs is ground. The crushed grass is dried in starch dextrins, for example, on the device shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In FIG. 1 schematically shows one of the possible installation options for implementing part of the described method of tableting of a medicinal herb; in FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. one.

Shredded thermolabile materials, for example medicinal herbs (or one medicinal herb), are supplied in a sprayed state through nozzles 1, and through nozzles 2 a substance enveloping particles of dried thermolabile materials, for example, or starch (in powder form) , or an aqueous solution of dextrins, etc., placed one opposite the other in the booster pipes 3, through which the coolant flows. At the exit of the nozzles, swirlers are installed to swirl the jets of sprayed materials in opposite directions (the nozzles 1 and 2 located nearby provide twisting in one direction). The coating substance sprayed by the nozzle 2 is sprayed in the form of fog. The nozzles 1 and 2 can be arranged either sequentially (as shown in Fig. 1), for example, one above the other, etc. In order to turbolize the gas suspension flows through the nozzles 4 placed tangentially to the chamber 5, a coolant is additionally supplied. Due to the tangential placement of the nozzles, the flows of additional coolant also spin in the swirling directions of the respective jets of the material to be dried. The gas suspension jets collide in the center of the chamber 5 and are sent to the cyclone 7 through the nozzles 6, which have external heating for the final drying of the material. Moreover, due to the enveloping action of the substance supplied by the nozzle 2, oxidation of the active substances of thermolabile materials is practically eliminated.

Enveloping action when introduced into the drying process of starch powder occurs as follows. Starch adheres to the surface of a wet particle; the temperature in the dryer is up to 150 degrees Celsius. Moisture, evaporating from a particle of the material, forces the starch to react with the steam and juice of the raw material, in which there is a fraction of organic acids and enzymes, that is, the reaction of auto, acid and enzymatic hydrolysis occurs, as a result of which part of the starch is converted into dextrins and simple sugars, solution which film covers a damp particle of material. All further evaporation will pass through a film of dextrins and simple sugars without oxygen. A temperature of 54-56 degrees Celsius is sufficient to undergo a starch hydrolysis reaction.

After drying the medicinal herb (medicinal herbs) before tableting, for example, by pressing, the dried material in starch dextrins is sprayed with steam. Steam processes only the surface of the dextrin casing, which arose during the grinding and drying of the medicinal raw material, the active substance of the medicinal raw material in this case is protected from exposure to water, oxygen, temperature. In the future, they produce tabletting of medicinal raw materials.

The difference from the pressing method of Khishov OM, described in the Bulletin of the Voronezh State Medical University, is that when pressing the tablets, additional energy is spent on drying the tablets, since before pressing they are mixed with starch gel, and in the method presented by the author, moisture is treated in the form of steam only the surface of the dextrin shell, which allows tens of times to reduce the introduction of moisture into the process and not to dry the tablets after pressing.

There is a method of tabletting medicinal herbs RU 2205630 C1, 06/10/2003, where bearberry leaves, lemon balm herbs, by grinding herbs, mixing with filler (including starch), moistening with extracts of biologically active substances, granulation, drying and tabletting. It differs in that in the said method, not herbs are introduced into the mixture production process, but a tincture of herbs, that is, the true active substances formed in nature are not in the tablet, there is a part of the active substances extracted from the medicinal raw material. During the preparation of tablets, flour, sugar, starch, potassium aspartate, magnesium aspartate, starch dextrin are added to the mixture, then the mixture is granulated before drying, then crushed, sieved, and only later is the tablet pressed, which significantly increases the cost of the tablet preparation process. The method proposed by the author excludes preliminary granulation, crushing, addition of ballast substances, since by nature ballast substances are provided as part of the medical raw material itself, and uses all active substances that are in the medical raw material. Extraction of active substances will occur in the human gastrointestinal tract and will differ from artificial extraction of the substance. It is known that particles entering the stomach undergo hydrolysis in different ways, particles smaller in size react gradually, large particles do not digest in the stomach, and part of the particles undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis in the intestine, i.e. a tablet, rapidly disintegrating (dextrins are soluble in water), begins to give active substances to the body, and in the future, the extraction and assimilation of active substances goes throughout the human gastrointestinal tract.

A known method of steam processing dried plant material, in particular straw http://sadimvmeste.ru/podvorie/463-kak-povysit-kormovuyu-czennost-solomy.html, where the straw is treated with steam at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius in order to increase the eatability of the straw as stern. In the said method, separation of cellulose and ligno-cutic substance is achieved, which envelops the tows of cellulose in the straw and inhibits the effect on it in the rumen of the ruminant. That is, exposure to steam is to destroy the substance. In the method claimed by the author, on the contrary, the protective film of dextrins is treated with steam in order to swell its surface and create an adhesive layer, so that when the particles of material are compressed, we can form a tablet.

The natural state of extracts of biologically active substances and the low cost of producing tablets, reducing the loss of active substances of plant materials by eliminating its oxidation, eliminating drying of the tablet after pressing, rapid disintegration of the tablet in the gastrointestinal tract (due to the water-soluble film of starch dextrins on the surface of the plant raw materials) is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution compared to the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of tabletting a medicinal herb, including grinding the medicinal herb, drying and tabletting, characterized in that the mixed streams of pulverized crushed medicinal grass and a sprayed solution of starch dextrin are mixed, thereby enveloping the particles of the medicinal grass with a film of starch dextrin, and the medicinal herb is dried in starch dextrin, and before tabletting the dried material in starch dextrins is sprayed with steam.

Images